Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine

Front Matter....Pages 1-13
Front Matter....Pages 1-2
Intrinsic (or auto-) PEEP during controlled mechanical ventilation....Pages 3-5
Intrinsic (or auto-) positive end-expiratory pressure during spontaneous or assisted ventilation....Pages 7-9
Work of breathing....Pages 11-14
Interpretation of airway pressure waveforms....Pages 15-16
Measurement of respiratory system resistance during mechanical ventilation....Pages 17-20
Understanding wasted/ineffective efforts in mechanically ventilated COPD patients using the Campbell diagram....Pages 21-24
Dead space....Pages 25-28
The multiple inert gas elimination technique (MIGET)....Pages 29-36
Alveolar ventilation and pulmonary blood flow: The VA/QT concept....Pages 37-40
Mechanisms of hypoxemia....Pages 41-43
Pulse oximetry....Pages 45-48
Effects of body temperature on blood gases....Pages 49-52
Venous oximetry....Pages 53-55
Influence of FIO2 on the PaO2/FIO2 ratio....Pages 57-60
Hypoxemia due to increased venous admixture: influence of cardiac output on oxygenation....Pages 61-64
Pulmonary vascular resistance A meaningless variable?....Pages 65-68
Pulmonary artery occlusion pressure....Pages 69-72
Clinical significance of pulmonary artery occlusion pressure....Pages 73-76
Pulmonary capillary pressure....Pages 77-80
Ventricular interdependence: how does it impact on hemodynamic evaluation in clinical practice?....Pages 81-83
Front Matter....Pages 1-2
Cyclic changes in arterial pressure during mechanical ventilation....Pages 85-88
Lactic acidosis....Pages 89-92
Defining acute renal failure: physiological principles....Pages 93-97
Hypotension during intermittent hemodialysis: new insights into an old problem....Pages 99-103
Intracranial pressure Part one: Historical overview and basic concepts....Pages 105-108
Intracranial pressure Part two: Clinical applications and technology....Pages 109-112
Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. Part I. Intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow monitoring....Pages 113-121
Neuromonitoring in the intensive care unit. Part II. Cerebral oxygenation monitoring and microdialysis....Pages 123-129
Front Matter....Pages 131-132
Fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients: a review of indices used in intensive care....Pages 133-141
Different techniques to measure intra-abdominal pressure (IAP): time for a critical re-appraisal....Pages 143-157
Tissue capnometry: does the answer lie under the tongue?....Pages 159-167
Noninvasive monitoring of peripheral perfusion....Pages 169-179
Ultrasonographic examination of the venae cavae....Pages 181-184
Passive leg raising....Pages 185-189
Sleep in the intensive care unit....Pages 191-200
Magnesium in critical illness: metabolism, assessment, and treatment....Pages 201-213
Pulmonary endothelium in acute lung injury: from basic science to the critically ill....Pages 215-227
Pulmonary and cardiac sequelae of subarachnoid haemorrhage: time for active management?....Pages 229-240
Permissive hypercapnia — role in protective lung ventilatory strategies....Pages 241-250
Right ventricular function and positive pressure ventilation in clinical practice: from hemodynamic subsets to respirator settings....Pages 251-259
Front Matter....Pages 131-132
Acute right ventricular failure—from pathophysiology to new treatments....Pages 261-272
Red blood cell rheology in sepsis....Pages 273-282
Stress-hyperglycemia, insulin and immunomodulation in sepsis....Pages 283-291
Hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction in critically ill patients with traumatic and nontraumatic brain injury....Pages 293-301
Matching total body oxygen consumption and delivery: a crucial objective?....Pages 303-312
Normalizing physiological variables in acute illness: five reasons for caution....Pages 313-319
Interpretation of the echocardiographic pressure gradient across a pulmonary artery band in the setting of a univentricular heart....Pages 321-325
Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction: the clinical relevance of animal models....Pages 327-336
Understanding organ dysfunction in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis....Pages 337-347
Front Matter....Pages 350-350
Manipulating afterload for the treatment of acute heart failure....Pages 351-354
Nosocomial pneumonia....Pages 355-361
The introduction of positive endexpiratory pressure into mechanical ventilation: a retrospective....Pages 363-366
Elastic pressure-volume curves in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome....Pages 367-374
The concept of “baby lung”....Pages 375-383
The effects of anesthesia and muscle paralysis on the respiratory system....Pages 385-393
Diaphragmatic fatigue during sepsis and septic shock....Pages 395-401
The use of severity scores in the intensive care unit....Pages 403-408
Oxygen transport—the oxygen delivery controversy....Pages 409-415
Organ dysfunction during sepsis....Pages 417-428
Ventilator-induced lung injury:from the bench to the bedside....Pages 429-438
Front Matter....Pages 350-350
Remembrance of weaning past: the seminal papers....Pages 439-447
Interactions between respiration and systemic hemodynamics. Part I: basic concepts....Pages 449-458
Interactions between respiration and systemic hemodynamics. Part II: practical implications in critical care....Pages 459-466
Back Matter....Pages 467-469