Applied Microbiology and Bioengineering

Front Matter
Copyright
Contributors
About the Editor
Author Introduction
Preface
Microbial Tyrosinases: A Novel Enzyme, Structural Features, and Applications
Introduction
Mechanism of Tyrosinase Action
Potential Applications of Tyrosinase
Tyrosinase in Browning Reactions
Tyrosinase in Resistance to Stress and Defense Against Pathogen
Tyrosinase in Bioremediation
Tyrosinase as Biosensor
Tyrosinase in Biosynthetic Processes
l -DOPA Production
Microbial Tyrosinases
Characteristics of Microbial Tyrosinases
Structural and Active Site Characteristics Features of Microbial Tyrosinase
Molecular Characteristics of Microbial Tyrosinase
Conclusions
References
Production of Bioethanol From Sugarcane Bagasse: Current Approaches and Perspectives
Introduction
Sugarcane Bagasse
Various Microorganisms Degrading Bagasse
Pretreatment of Bagasse
Mechanical Comminution
Pyrolysis
Steam Pretreatment or Steam Explosion
Acid Pretreatment
Alkaline Pretreatment
Thermal Pretreatment
Biological Pretreatment
Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX) and Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Explosion Pretreatment
Wet Oxidation Pretreatment
Ozonolysis Pretreatment
Organosolvent Pretreatment
Cellulose Hydrolysis
Detoxification
Ethanol Production by Fermentation
Application of Bagasse in the Production of Other Value-Added Products
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
Further Reading
Improvement of the Amino-Sugar-1-Phosphate Acetyltransferase Activity of the Archaeal Bifunctional Protein
Introduction
Identification of the ST0452 Protein and Its Sugar-1-P NTase Activity
Characterization of the Amsugar-1-P AcTase Activity of the ST0452 Protein
Characterization by Introduction of Substitution Mutations
Characterization via C-Terminal Truncation
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Recent Bio-Processing Technologies for Value Added Horticultural Products
Introduction
Horticultural Produce and Postharvest Losses
Scope and Applications of Bio-Processing
Quality of Processed Products
Conclusion
References
Saccharomyces cerevisiae as Potential Probiotic: Strategies for Isolation and Selection
Introduction
Screening and Characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Isolation and Characterization
Sources of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Medium Preparation
Isolation
Determination of Sugar Assimilation Property
Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis
In Vitro Studies to Determine the Probiotic Characteristics
Antibacterial and Antifungal Drug Sensitivity
Antagonistic Activity Against Human Pathogens
Co-Culture Activity of Probiotics With Normal Intestinal Flora
Stress Tolerance
Determination of Pathogenicity
Adhesion Assay
Screening for Imunostimulating Properties
Antioxidant Property
Anticancer Properties
Total Glutathione
Free Radical Scavenging Property of Probiotics
Nitric Oxide Scavenging Property of Probiotic Yeast
Hydroxyl Scavenging Property of Probiotic Yeast
Fe2+ Chelating Property of Probiotic Yeast
Splenocyte Proliferation Activity
Advanced Technologies for Selection of Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae
RT-PCR
RT-qPCR
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Ecological and Biotechnological Aspects of Methylobacterium mesophilicum
Introduction
General Aspects of Methylobacterium mesophilicum
Methylobacterium mesophilicum Associated With Plants
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Smart Actuators for Innovative Biomedical Applications: An Interactive Overview
Introduction
Smart Actuators
Ionic EAP
Electronic EAP
CNT (Carbon Nano Tube) Based Sensors
Enzyme-Based Biosensor
Integrated Biosensors
Implantable Biosensors
Operating Principle of Implantable Biosensors
Applications of Smart Implanted Biosensor
Smart Textile Biosensor
Applications of Smart Textile Biosensors
Surface Plasmon Resonance
Principle of Surface Plasmon Resonance
Working of Surface Plasmon Resonance
Application of Surface Plasmon Resonance
Applications of Smart Actuators in Biomedical Field
Drug-Delivery Management Using Smart Micropump
Smart Microrobot Arm for Handling of Small Samples
Stepper Motor Actuator for Biomedical Applications Using Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite
Microvalves for Controlled Direction and Delivery of Fluid
Conclusion
References
Recent Developments and Future Prospects of Natural and Synthetic Antitubercular Peptide Drugs
Introduction
Computational and Experimental Approaches to Design Peptide Libraries
In Vitro Techniques
In Silico Techniques: TOOLS, Databases and Webservers for in Silico Design, Screening and Selection of Antimicrobia ...
Types of Peptides and Their Classification
Natural Antitubercular Peptides
Antimycobacterial Peptides Derived From Human Cells
Antimycobacterial Peptides Derived From Microbes and Other Natural Sources
Synthetic/Bioengineered Antitubercular Peptides
Case Studies on Antitubercular Peptides
Applications and Current Developments
Challenges, Limitations and Solutions
Future Directions
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Design and Development of Antibiotic Fermentation Using Different Processing Strategies: Challenges and Perspectives
The Genesis of Penicillin
Penicillin as β-Lactam: Products and Derivatives
Production Strategies for Penicillin
The Challenges of β-Lactam Antibiotics
Cephalosporins
Production Strategies for Cephalosporins
Structural Modifications for Improvement in β-Lactam Antibiotics
Antimicrobial Peptides
Anti-MRSA Daptomycin Production
Production Strategies for Daptomycin
Cofactor(s) Manipulation and Utilization
Precursor and Their Utilization
Significance of Fed Batch Strategy
Metabolic Flux Analysis Model
Morphological Modifications and Immobilization Strategy
Conclusions
References
Further Reading
Current Perspectives and Future Strategies for Fructooligosaccharides Production Through Membrane Bioreactor
Introduction
Market Value of Oligosaccharides
Human Gut Microbiota and Oligosaccharides
Enzymatic Production of Oligosaccharides
Fructooligosaccharide
Production of FOS
Fructosyltransferase
β - d -Fructofuranosidase
Enzymatic Production of FOS
Whole-Cell Synthesis of FOS
Immobilized Biocatalysis (Membrane-Based Bioreactor)
Purification of FOS
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
Conflict of Interest
References
Effectual Bioprocess Development for Protein Production
Introduction
Industrial Hosts Used for Protein Production
E. coli
Yeast/Fungi
Mammalian Cells
Insect Cells
Bioprocess Technologies
Conventional Technologies
Cell-Support Systems
Modern Technologies
Process Analytical Technology
Scale-Out Technology
Types of Bioreactors for Modern Technologies
Wavy Bioreactor
Rocker Bioreactor
Pneumatic Bioreactor
Ready-to-Use Technologies
Use of High Throughput Process Devices
Software
Multivariate Analysis
Sensors
Data Storage
Single-Use Technology
Continuous Processing
Approaches to Economical Production
Future Perspective
Acknowledgment
Conflict of Interest
References
Microalgae: A Way Forward Approach Towards Wastewater Treatment and Bio-Fuel Production
Introduction
Wastewater Treatment With Microalgae and Subsequent Biodiesel Production
Microalgae Harvesting Techniques for Efficient Biofuel Production
Summary
References
Index
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