This textbook for a second course in basic statistics for undergraduates or first-year graduate students introduces linear regression models and describes other linear models including Poisson regression, logistic regression, proportional hazards regression, and nonparametric regression. Numerous examples drawn from the news and current events with an emphasis on health issues illustrate these concepts. Assuming only a pre-calculus background, the author keeps equations to a minimum and demonstrates all computations using SAS. Most of the programs and output are displayed in a self-contained way, with an emphasis on the interpretation of the output in terms of how it relates to the motivating example. Plenty of exercises conclude every chapter. All of the datasets and SAS programs are available from the book's Web site, along with other ancillary material.
Author(s): Daniel Zelterman
Edition: 1
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 289
Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 15
1.1 What Is Statistics?......Page 17
1.2 Statistics in the News: The Weather Map......Page 20
1.3 Mathematical Background......Page 22
1.4 Calculus......Page 23
1.5 Calculus in the News: New Home Sales......Page 25
1.6 Statistics in the News: IMF Loans and Tuberculosis......Page 27
1.7 Exercises......Page 29
1.7.1 Motorcycle Accidents......Page 30
1.7.2 Olympic Records......Page 31
1.7.4 Statistics in the News: China Buys U.S. Debt......Page 32
1.7.5 U.S. Presidents and Stock Market Returns......Page 33
2.1 Binomial Distribution......Page 37
2.2 Confidence Intervals and the Hubble Constant......Page 41
2.3 Normal Distribution......Page 42
2.4 Hypothesis Tests......Page 46
2.5 The Student t-Test......Page 50
2.6 The Chi-Squared Test and 2 x 2 Tables......Page 58
2.7 What Are Degrees of Freedom?......Page 63
2.8 SAS, in a Nutshell......Page 65
2.9 Survey of the Rest of the Book......Page 67
2.10 Exercises......Page 68
2.10.1 Maintaining Balance......Page 70
2.10.2 Reading Scores......Page 71
2.10.3 A Helium-Filled Football......Page 72
3.1 Low-Birth-Weight Infants......Page 74
3.2 The Least Squares Regression Line......Page 75
3.3 Regression in SAS......Page 79
3.4 Statistics in the News: Future Health Care Costs......Page 81
3.5 Exercises......Page 82
3.5.1 Statistics in the News: Savings for Medicare......Page 84
3.5.2 Arsenic in Drinking Water......Page 85
3.5.3 Statistics in the News: Dermatologists' Fees......Page 87
3.5.4 Breast Cancer Survival and Climate......Page 89
3.5.5 Vital Rates......Page 90
4.1 Correlation......Page 91
4.2 Statistics in the News: Correlations of the Global Economy......Page 93
4.3 Analysis of Variance......Page 94
4.4 Model Assumptions and Residual Plots......Page 97
4.5 Exercises......Page 100
4.5.1 Statistics in the News: Food Imports......Page 102
4.5.2 Statistics in the News: Women Managers......Page 103
4.5.3 Statistics Is More Than Just Numbers......Page 104
5.1 Introductory Example: Maximum January Temperatures......Page 106
5.2 Graphical Displays of Multivariate Data......Page 110
5.3 Leverage and the Hat Matrix Diagonal......Page 112
5.4 Jackknife Diagnostics......Page 115
5.5 Partial Regression Plots and Correlations......Page 118
5.6 Model-Building Strategies......Page 121
5.7.1 University Endowments......Page 126
5.7.2 Maximum January Temperatures......Page 127
5.7.3 Statistics in the News: Heart Surgery Mortality......Page 128
5.7.4 Characteristics of Cars, 1974......Page 130
5.7.5 Statistics in Advertising: Wine Prices......Page 131
5.7.6 Statistics in Finance: Mutual Fund Returns......Page 132
6.1 Indicator Variables......Page 136
6.2 Synergy in the News: Airline Mergers......Page 143
6.3 Interactions of Explanatory Variables......Page 144
6.4 Transformations......Page 148
6.5 Additional Topics: Longitudinal Data......Page 153
6.6 Exercises......Page 154
6.6.2 Statistics in the News: Nicotine Levels in Cigarettes......Page 156
6.6.3 The Speed of a Reaction......Page 157
6.6.4 Tumor Growth in Mice......Page 158
6.6.5 Statistics in Advertising: Used Car Prices......Page 159
6.6.6 Percent Body Fat......Page 160
6.6.7 Fertility Rates in Switzerland......Page 161
6.6.8 ELISA......Page 163
7.1 A Test for Medians......Page 166
7.2 Statistics in the News: Math Achievement Scores......Page 169
7.3 Rank Sum Test......Page 171
7.4 Nonparametric Methods in SAS......Page 172
7.5 Ranking and the Healthiest State......Page 173
7.6 Nonparametric Regression: LOESS......Page 176
7.7 Exercises......Page 179
7.7.2 Prices of Beanie Babies......Page 181
7.7.3 The Cracker Diet......Page 183
8.1 Example......Page 185
8.2 The Logit Transformation......Page 186
8.3 Logistic Regression in SAS......Page 189
8.4 Statistics in the News: The New York Mets......Page 193
8.5 Key Points......Page 194
8.6.1 A Phase I Clinical Trial in Cancer......Page 195
8.6.2 Toxoplasmosis in El Salvador......Page 197
8.6.3 Estimation of the ED01......Page 198
8.6.4 Super Bowl XXXVIII......Page 200
9 Diagnostics for Logistic Regression......Page 203
9.1 Some Syntax for proc logistic......Page 204
9.2 Residuals for Logistic Regression......Page 206
9.3 Influence in Logistic Regression......Page 209
9.4 Exercises......Page 213
9.4.1 Statistics in the News: Sex and Violins......Page 214
9.4.2 Glove Use Among Nurses......Page 216
9.4.3 Statistics in Sports: Pittsburgh Steelers Rushing Game......Page 217
10.2 Poisson Distribution Basics......Page 220
10.3 Regression Models for Poisson Data......Page 222
10.4 Statistics in the News: Attacks in Iraq......Page 224
10.5.1 Basic Output for Poisson Regression......Page 225
10.5.2 The obstats Output......Page 227
10.5.3 The offset Option......Page 229
10.6.1 Coronary Bypass Mortality, Revisited......Page 231
10.6.2 Cases of Mental Illness......Page 232
10.6.4 Lottery Winners......Page 233
10.6.5 Species on the Galapagos Islands......Page 234
10.6.6 Statistics in the News: Pro Bowl Appearances......Page 236
10.6.7 Cancer Rates in Japan......Page 237
10.6.8 Tourette's Syndrome......Page 238
11.1 Censoring......Page 241
11.2 The Survival Curve and Its Estimate......Page 243
11.3 The Log-Rank Test and SAS Program......Page 248
11.4.2 Survival of Centenarians......Page 251
12.1 The Hazard Function......Page 253
12.2 The Model of Proportional Hazards Regression......Page 255
12.3 Proportional Hazards Regression in SAS......Page 257
12.4.1 Survival of Halibut......Page 259
12.4.3 Primary Biliary Cirrhosis......Page 260
12.4.4 Multiple Myeloma......Page 261
13.1 The Appropriate Method......Page 263
13.2 Other Review Questions......Page 265
A.1 Normal Distribution......Page 271
A.2 Chi-squared Tables......Page 273
References......Page 275
Selected Solutions and Hints......Page 279
Index......Page 285
