Applied Hydroaeromechanics in Oil and Gas Drilling

APPLIED HYDRO-AEROMECHANICS IN OIL AND GAS DRILLING......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 16
NOTATION......Page 18
1 MAIN RESULTS AND DEVELOPMENT LINES IN HYDRO-AEROMECHANICS OF DRILLING PROCESSES......Page 32
2 BASIC PROBLEMS OF HYDRO-AEROMECHANICS IN DRILLING PROCESSES......Page 35
3 MULTIPHASE MEDIA IN DRILLING PROCESSES......Page 39
4.1 Mass Conservation Equation......Page 47
4.2 Momentum (Motion) Equation......Page 49
4.3 Thermodynamic Equations of State......Page 58
4.4 Rheological Equations of State......Page 60
4.6.1 Axial Flows in Pipes and Annulus......Page 68
4.6.3 Radial Flow in Circular Slot......Page 70
4.6.4 Flows in Pipes and Annulus......Page 72
4.6.5 Flow in Circular Slot......Page 75
5.1 Hydrostatics of Single-Phase Fluids......Page 78
5.2 Hydrostatics of Incompressible Fluid at τ(w)=0......Page 79
5.3 Hydrostatics of Single-Phase Compressible Fluid (Gas) at τ(w)=0......Page 81
5.4 Hydrostatics of Slightly Compressible Fluid at τ(w)=0......Page 82
5.5 Hydrostatics of a Fluid with Dynamic Shear Stress (τ(0)≠0)......Page 83
5.6 Hydrostatics of Two-Phase Fluids......Page 88
6.1.1 Flows in Pipes and Annular Channels (w(z)=w≠0)......Page 98
6.1.2 Flows in Rotation of Pipes and Annulus Walls (w(φ)=w≠0)......Page 99
6.2.1 Flow in a Circular Slot......Page 100
6.2.2 Flows in Pipes and Annular Channels......Page 105
6.3.1 Flows in a Circular Slot......Page 108
6.3.2 Flows in Pipes......Page 112
6.3.3 Flows in Annular Concentric Channels......Page 116
6.4.1 Circular Slot......Page 122
6.4.2 Flow of Power Fluid in Pipes......Page 125
6.4.3 Flow in Annular Channels......Page 128
6.5 Calculation of Pressure in Turbulent Flows in Pipes and Annular Channels......Page 132
6.5.1 Turbulent Flow in Annular Channel......Page 142
6.5.2 Turbulent Flow of Viscous-Plastic Fluid in Pipes......Page 146
6.6 Transition of Laminar Flow of Viscous, Viscous-Plastic, and Power Fluids into Turbulent One......Page 148
6.7 Calculation of Pressure in Flows in Eccentric Annulus: Formation of Stagnation Zones......Page 152
6.8 Effect of Internal Pipe Rotation on Pressure in Annulus......Page 165
6.9 Pressure Drop in Local Resistances of Circulation System......Page 170
7.1 Washing of the Well Bottom......Page 180
7.2 Levitation of Rigid Particles in Fluid, Gas, and Gas–Liquid Mixture Flows......Page 184
7.2.1 Flow Around a Particle of Cutting Near the Wall......Page 195
7.3 Flow Rates of Fluid, Gas, and Gas–Liquid Mixture Needed for Removal of Cutting from Well Bore......Page 200
7.4 Calculation of Ball Drop Time in Descending Flow of Washing Fluid in a Column of Pipes......Page 202
7.5.1 Determination of Fluid Flow Rate Providing Washing of the Well Bottom and Cutting Transport in Annulus......Page 204
7.5.3 Selection of Washing Fluid Density......Page 205
7.5.4 Selection of the Downhole Motor......Page 207
7.5.5 Calculation of Pressure Losses in Elements of Circulation System......Page 208
7.5.6 Determination of Pressure Loss in a Drill Bit: Selection of Hydro-Monitor Head......Page 211
7.5.7 Main Formulas to Calculate Pressure at the Mouth of Drilling Pipe, at the Juncture of Circulation System Elements, and Bottom Hole......Page 212
7.5.9 An Example of Hydraulic Calculation of Well Washing......Page 214
8.1 Pressure Distribution in Ascending Flow of Gas and Gas-Cutting Mixture in Annular Channel of a Well......Page 226
8.2 Pressure Distribution in Descending Flow of Gas in Pipes......Page 229
8.3 Pressure Losses in Bit Heads and Pipe Joints......Page 230
8.4 Calculation Procedure of Pump Capacity and Compressor Pressure in Drilling with Blasting......Page 233
9 STATIONARY FLOWS OF GAS–LIQUID MIXTURES IN A WELL......Page 240
9.1 Equations of Gas–Liquid Mixture Flow......Page 242
9.2 Laminar Ascending Flow of Gas–Liquid Mixtures in Pipes and Annular Channels......Page 243
9.3 Calculation of Pressure in Pipes and Annular Space in Ascending Vertical Turbulent Flows of Gas–Liquid Mixtures......Page 246
9.4 Pressure Drop in Bit Heads in Flow of Gas–Liquid Mixture......Page 249
9.5 Pressure Drop in Turbo-Drills......Page 250
9.6 Calculation of Pressure in Pipes in Descending Vertical Turbulent Flow of Gas–Liquid Mixture......Page 251
9.7 Method of Calculation of Delivery and Pressure of Pumps and Compressors in Drilling with Aerated Fluid Washing......Page 253
9.8 Effect of Gas Solubility in Fluid on Pressure of Mixture in Well......Page 265
10.1 Equations of Nonstationary Single-Phase Flows......Page 271
10.2 Nonstationary Flows of Incompressible Fluid in Round Trip Operations......Page 274
10.3 Hydrodynamic Pressure in Round Trip Operation in a Well Filled by Viscous Fluid......Page 278
10.4 Hydrodynamic Pressure Generating in Drill-Stem Descent in a Well Filled by Viscous-Plastic Fluid......Page 288
10.5 Examples of Pressure Calculation in Round Trip Operations......Page 291
10.6 Nonstationary Fluid Flow in a Well as Wave Process......Page 297
10.7 Pressure Calculation in Deterioration of the Safety Bypass......Page 301
10.8 Calculation of Pressure in Recovery of Circulation in a Well......Page 307
10.9 Calculation of Pressure in a Well in Setting of a Ball Cage on a Seat (Thrust Ring) in Drill-Stem......Page 311
10.10 Calculation of Pressure in Round Trip of Drill-Stem as Wave Process......Page 316
11.1 Basic Equations of Formation Fluid and Rock Solid Flows......Page 320
11.2 Stationary Laminar Flows of Incompressible and Compressible Fluids and Gases......Page 322
11.3 Nonstationary Laminar Flows of Incompressible and Compressible Fluids and Gases......Page 324
11.4 Flows of Formation Fluids and Rock Solids in Regimes Different from Laminar......Page 338
12 NONSTATIONARY FLOWS OF GAS–LIQUID MIXTURES IN WELL-FORMATION SYSTEM......Page 346
12.1 Estimation of Bottom-Hole Decompression in Removal of Gas Bench From a Well......Page 347
12.2 Recognition of the Gas Outburst and Selection of Regimes of Its Liquidation......Page 352
12.3 Calculation of Amount, Density, and Delivery of Fluid Needed to Kill Open Gas Blowout......Page 360
12.4 Calculation of Pressure at the Well Mouth in Blowout Killing by Direct Pumping of Killing Fluid in the Well......Page 367
13 NONSTATIONARY FLOWS OF FLUID MIXTURES IN WELL-FORMATION SYSTEM: CALCULATION OF FLUID-GAS BLOWOUT KILLING......Page 370
14.1 Main Reasons of Incomplete Displacement of Fluids......Page 378
14.2 Distribution of Concentrations in Displacement of One Fluid by Another Fluid......Page 381
14.3 Taking into Account Needed Displacement Completeness in Calculation of Cementing......Page 389
14.4 Method of Hydraulic Calculation of Cementation Regimes with Regard to Given Concentration in Channel Cross Section......Page 390
14.5 Calculation of Single-Stage Well Cementation: Method and Calculation of Cementation with Foam–Cement Slurry......Page 411
14.5.1 Calculation of Cementing Parameters......Page 412
14.5.2 Selection and Calculation of Cement Slurry Composition......Page 426
15 SEDIMENTATION OF RIGID PHASE IN DRILLING FLUID AFTER DEADLOCK OF MIXING......Page 432
15.1 One-Dimensional Equation for Hydraulic Pressure in Sedimentation of Rigid Phase of Suspension......Page 433
15.2 Lowering of Hydraulic Pressure in a Well After Deadlock of Solution Circulation......Page 436
16 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS......Page 439
16.1 Determination of Rheological Characteristics with Rotary Viscometer......Page 440
16.2 Determination of Rheological Characteristics with Capillary Viscometer......Page 442
16.3 Determination of Rheological Characteristics of Rock Solids......Page 446
16.4 Examples of Applications of Rheological Characteristics......Page 448
REFERENCES......Page 455
AUTHOR INDEX......Page 462
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 464
ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 474