The disciplines of the social sciences have turned to models to identify and define relationships between critical variables. The dynamism of these variables can render models inadequate. The expansion method provides a means of reintroducing the complexities of the real world without destroying the models in the process. As such, the expansion method is geography's response to the theories of social sciences. As a technique, it provides a systematic methodology appropriate for the investigation of contextual variability in virtually any empirical research setting. As a research paradigm, the expansion method suggests that the contextual variability of general processes be at the forefront of social scientific investigation. This is the first book to bring together researchers with interests in the expansion method. The authors examine the theoretical implications of the paradigm, contribute methodological advances, and offer a variety of applications in substantive areas, including population, urban systems, social policy analysis, economic development and remote sensing.
Author(s): John Jones III
Year: 1991
Language: English
Pages: 400
BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 3
COPYRIGHT......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
FIGURES......Page 7
TABLES......Page 10
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 12
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 14
1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE EXPANSION METHOD AND TO ITS APPLICATIONS......Page 15
THE EXPANSION METHOD......Page 22
DUAL EXPANSION METHOD......Page 27
AN EXAMPLE......Page 29
AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS......Page 35
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 39
REFERENCES......Page 41
3 PARADIGMATIC DIMENSIONS OF THE EXPANSION METHOD......Page 46
THE EXPANSION METHOD PARADIGM......Page 47
THE REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY QUESTION......Page 52
THE EXPANSION METHOD AND THE REALIST CRITIQUE OF SCIENCE......Page 57
CONCLUSION......Page 58
REFERENCES......Page 59
4 A CONTEXTUAL EXPANSION OF THE WELFARE MODEL......Page 61
THE THEORY......Page 62
THE CONSTRAINTS......Page 63
AN EMPIRICAL TEST......Page 66
Initial model......Page 67
The constraints......Page 68
The terminal model......Page 70
INTERPRETATION OF THE SPATIALLY VARYING PARAMETERS......Page 74
THE EXPANSION METHOD AND SPATIALLY VARIABLE SOCIAL POLICY......Page 76
NOTES......Page 77
REFERENCES......Page 79
APPENDIX 4.1: VARIABLE DEFINITIONS AND SOURCES......Page 81
APPENDIX 4.2: STATES RANKED BY WORK-DISINCENTIVE EFFECT, WITH FACTOR SCORES AND POLITICAL CULTURE CATEGORY......Page 83
CONTRASTING METHODOLOGIES......Page 85
SUPPLY OF PHYSICIANS AND FEDERAL POLICIES......Page 87
PHYSICIAN LOCATION FACTORS AND INITIAL MODEL SPECIFICATION......Page 88
SCOPE AND DATA......Page 89
THE MODELS......Page 90
Polynomial expansions......Page 91
Moving window regressions......Page 92
Serial correlation in moving window regressions......Page 95
Comparison of expansion and drift analysis parameter paths......Page 97
INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS......Page 98
CONCLUSION......Page 99
REFERENCES......Page 100
6 PERSONAL CHARACTERISTICS IN MODELS OF MIGRATION DECISIONS: AN ANALYSIS OF DESTINATION CHOICE IN ECUADOR......Page 102
A DISAGGREGATE MODEL OF MIGRATION BEHAVIOR......Page 103
EXPANDING PARAMETERS WITH A RESTRICTED CHOICE SET......Page 105
ESTIMATING THE PARAMETERS......Page 108
DESTINATION CHOICE IN ECUADOR, 1971–4......Page 109
REFERENCES......Page 113
7 ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF METROPOLITAN DECENTRALIZATION......Page 115
CRITICAL REVIEW OF DECENTRALIZATION LITERATURE......Page 116
A TEMPORALLY EXPANDED TREND SURFACE MODEL OF DECENTRALIZATION......Page 118
APPLICATION OF DECENTRALIZATION TRACING METHODS......Page 120
Urban-suburban dichotomy......Page 123
The distance bands method......Page 125
The distance expansion model......Page 127
Trend surface expansion......Page 131
REFERENCES......Page 136
8 LONG-WAVE SPATIAL AND ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIPS IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT......Page 139
DECENTRALIZATION AND SUBURBANIZATION......Page 140
ECONOMIC FLUCTUATIONS AND LOCAL URBAN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 142
CASE STUDIES, DATA, AND METHODOLOGY......Page 144
RESULTS......Page 147
Philadelphia, 1940–1980......Page 148
Chicago, 1940–1980......Page 150
Atlanta, 1940–1980......Page 152
SUMMARY OF RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 154
REFERENCES......Page 156
CONVENTIONAL MEASURES OF INEQUALITY......Page 158
THE RANK-SIZE APPROACH TO THE MEASUREMENT OF INEQUALITY......Page 159
A RANK-SIZE APPROACH TO DEVELOPMENT INEQUALITY......Page 162
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS......Page 168
CONCLUSIONS......Page 177
REFERENCES......Page 178
THEORY......Page 180
DATA......Page 182
THE MODEL......Page 184
RESULTS......Page 186
CONCLUSIONS......Page 190
REFERENCES......Page 191
11 AN EXPLORATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECTORAL LABOR SHARES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT......Page 193
DETERMINANTS OF SECTORAL SHIFTS OF LABOR......Page 194
THE CHENERY-SYRQUIN APPROACH......Page 195
The initial model......Page 197
The expansion equations......Page 200
The terminal models......Page 201
RESULTS......Page 203
CONCLUSIONS......Page 206
NOTES......Page 207
REFERENCES......Page 208
12 PRODUCTION FUNCTION ESTIMATION AND THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF AGRICULTURE......Page 211
PROBLEMS IN THE ESTIMATION OF PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS......Page 212
THE THEORY......Page 215
THE FORM OF THE PRODUCTION FUNCTION......Page 217
THE DATA......Page 220
MEASUREMENT OF VARIABLES......Page 222
PRODUCTION FUNCTION ESTIMATION RESULTS......Page 224
NOTES......Page 230
REFERENCES......Page 231
13 INCORPORATING THE EXPANSION METHOD INTO REMOTE SENSING-BASED WATER QUALITY ANALYSES......Page 233
THE EXPANSION METHOD AND TREND SURFACE EXPANSIONS......Page 234
DATA AND MODELING PROCEDURES......Page 236
Turbidity models......Page 239
Salinity models......Page 240
Total suspended solids models......Page 242
Chlorophyll-a models......Page 244
CONCLUSION......Page 245
REFERENCES......Page 246
14 INNOVATION DIFFUSION THEORY AND THE EXPANSION METHOD......Page 248
THE EXPANSION METHOD AS A GLOBAL META-THEORETICAL APPROACH: AN APPLICATION TO THE INNOVATION DIFFUSION PROCESS......Page 249
TEMPORAL INNOVATION DIFFUSION WITHIN AN INDIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT AS COMPETITION BETWEEN ADOPTION AND NONADOPTION: EXPANSION TO THE CASE OF AN ACTIVE ENVIRONMENT......Page 252
SPATIO-TEMPORAL INNOVATION DIFFUSION: CASETTI’S EXPANSION AND DIRECTIONAL DERIVATIVES......Page 257
MULTINOMIAL EXPANSION OF THE VERHULST LOGISTIC EQUATION: SPREAD OF COMPETITIVE INNOVATIONS WITHIN AN INDIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT......Page 260
MULTINOMIAL EXPANSION OF S-SHAPED GROWTH: SPREAD OF TOTALLY ANTAGONISTIC INNOVATIONS WITHIN AN INDIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT......Page 263
THE ACTION OF AN ACTIVE ENVIRONMENT......Page 264
GENERALIZATION OF THE MULTINOMIAL INNOVATION DIFFUSION PROCESS AND THE EXPANSION TO DYNAMIC INDIVIDUAL CHOICE THEORY......Page 266
EXPANSION OF THE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY MAXIMIZATION TO THE HAMILTONIAN VARIATIONAL PRINCIPLE OF STATIONARITY FOR DYNAMIC CHOICE PROCESSES......Page 267
CONCLUSION......Page 269
Direct generalization and analytical metamorphosis of initial model......Page 270
Expansion and analytical metamorphosis of initial model......Page 271
Initial model......Page 272
Initial model......Page 273
Terminal model......Page 274
APPENDIX 14.3......Page 275
REFERENCES......Page 276
15 SPATIAL DEPENDENCE AND SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY: MODEL SPECIFICATION ISSUES IN THE SPATIAL EXPANSION PARADIGM......Page 278
SPATIAL DEPENDENCE, SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY, AND THE SPATIAL EXPANSION APPROACH......Page 279
A TAXONOMY OF SPATIAL EXPANSION SPECIFICATIONS......Page 280
GENERAL SPECIFICATION ISSUES IN THE SPATIAL EXPANSION METHOD......Page 281
Heteroskedasticity in the random expansion model......Page 282
Heteroskedasticity in the misspecified expansion model......Page 284
SPATIAL EXPANSION AND SPATIAL AUTOCORRELATION......Page 285
Testing for spatial error autocorrelation in the random expansion model......Page 286
CONCLUSION......Page 288
APPENDIX: A LAGRANGE MULTIPLIER TEST FOR SPATIAL ERROR AUTOCORRELATION IN THE RANDOM SPATIAL EXPANSION MODEL......Page 290
REFERENCES......Page 291
REGIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RESPONSE MODEL......Page 294
VARYING PARAMETER MODELS AND THE EXPANSION METHOD......Page 295
CUBIC SPLINE FUNCTIONS......Page 296
EMPIRICAL TEST......Page 298
REFERENCES......Page 299
INDEX......Page 301
