Applications of Nanofluids in Chemical and Bio-medical Process Industry




Dedication
Foreword
Contributors
Contents
Introduction
Acknowledgment
About the editors
Preface
CHAPTER ONE - Current overview of nanofluid applications
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Principle
1.3 Recent development in the nanofluids properties
1.3.1 Thermo-physical properties of nanofluids
1.3.1.1 Thermal conductivity and viscosity
1.3.1.2 Specific heat and density
1.3.2 Numeric analysis of nanofluid applications in heat and mass transfer
1.4 Current applications of nanofluids
1.5 Challenges of nanofluid application
1.5.1 Stability of nanofluids
1.5.2 Complications in the co-relations for the nanofluid properties
1.5.3 Production cost of nanofluids
1.6 Comparative performance with the hybrid nanofluids
Summary
References
CHAPTER TWO - Thermo-physical and optical properties of the nanofluids
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Different kinds of nanofluids
2.1.1.1 Water-based nanofluid
2.1.1.2 Oil-based nanofluid
2.1.1.3 Ethylene glycol-based nanofluids
2.1.2 Novel applications of nanofluids
2.1.2.1 Applications in microchannels
2.1.2.2 Applications in refrigeration
2.1.2.3 Application in tribology
2.1.2.4 Applications in transformers
2.1.2.5 Application in bio-medical
2.1.3 Two-step synthesis of nanofluids
2.2 Principle
2.3 Recent developments in the parameters affecting thermo-physical properties of nanofluids
2.3.1 Temperature
2.3.2 Nanoparticle concentration
2.3.3 Nanoparticle size
2.3.4 Nanoparticle shape
2.4 Current application of the nanofluids
2.4.1 Thermal conductivity
2.4.2 Specific heat and density of nanofluid
2.5 Optical properties of nanofluids
2.5.1 Absorption property
2.5.2 Transmittance
2.5.3 Scattering
Summary
References
CHAPTER THREE - Mathematical and numerical investigations of nanofluid applications in the industrial heat exchangers
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Recent developments
3.3 The current mathematical applications of nanofluids as coolant in the heat exchangers
3.4 Comparative performance of nanofluids with hybrid nanofluids
3.5 Challenges
Summary
References
CHAPTER FOUR - Experimental investigation of nanofluid in industrial heat exchangers
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Recent developments
4.3 Thermophysical and H.T properties of the nanofluid
4.4 Current applications of nanofluid in numerous heat exchangers
4.4.1 Tubular/circular/plate heat exchanger
4.3.2 Double pipe heat exchanger (DPHE)
4.4.3 Shell and tube heat exchanger (STHE)
4.5 Challenges
Summary
References
CHAPTER FIVE - Experimental investigations of direct absorption solar collectors
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Principle
5.3 Recent developments in nanofluid application in solar panel application
5.4 Integrated ultramodified double slope type passive solar unit (UMDPSS) using nanofluids
5.4.1 Setup design description and working principle
5.4.2 Yield of solar still affected by using nanofluids
5.4.3 Preparation of nanofluids sample
5.4.4 Working procedure with experimental setup
5.4 Current application of cobalt oxide nanoparticles-based nanofluids in solar panels
5.4.1 Cobalt oxide nanoparticles synthesis and nanofluid preparation
5.4.2 Fabrication of DASC set-up
5.5 Characterization of nanoparticles and calculations
5.5.1 Characterization of Co3O4 nanoparticle
5.5.2 Density of nanofluids
5.5.3 Specific heat capacity of nanofluids
5.5.4 Viscosity of nanofluids
5.5.5 Thermal conductivity of nanofluids
5.5.6 Efficiency of DASC
5.6 Results and discussion
5.6.1 Effect of volume fraction on the density of nanofluids
5.6.2 Effect of volume fraction on specific heat capacity of nanofluids
5.6.3 Effect of volume fraction on viscosity of nanofluids
5.6.4 Effect of volume fraction on thermal conductivity of nanofluids
5.6.5 Efficiency comparison with flow rate of nanofluid in DASC
Summary
References
CHAPTER SIX - Numeric and experimental investigations of performance improvement using nanofluids in car radiators
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Principle
6.3 Recent development in the car radiator performance using nanofluids
6.3.1 Experimental advances
6.3.2 Numeric advances
6.4 Current applications
6.4.1 Case study 1 (various shape nanoparticle-based ternary hybrid nanofluid)
6.4.2 Case study 2 (louvered fin automotive radiator)
6.5 Detailed study using the Fe2O3/water nanofluids
6.5.1 Synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles
6.5.2 Characterization
6.5.3 Preparation of nanofluids
6.5.4 Thermo-physical properties of nanofluid
6.5.5 Theoretical background
6.5.6 Experimental setup
6.5.7 Result and discussions
6.5.7.1 Effect of nanofluid concentration on outlet temperature
6.5.7.2 Effect of nanofluid concentration on experimental heat transfer coefficient
6.5.7.3 Discussion
6.6 Future perspective
Summary
References
CHAPTER SEVEN - Experimental investigations of the nanofluid applications in the pool boiling process
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Principle
7.3 Recent developments in the experimental investigation of nanofluid based pool boiling operations
7.4 Current Applications (MWCNT-based nanofluid for different heater surface)
7.4.1 Experimental setup
7.4.2 Critical heat flux measurement
7.3.3 Effect of addition of surfactant sodium oleate
7.4.3 Comparison of pool boiling performance for MWCNT–water nanofluid on a bare heater surface and MWCNT deposited surface
7.4.4 Comparison of the boiling heat transfer coefficient (HTC) for the nanoparticles deposited surface and bare heating s ...
7.4.5 Comparative bubble dynamics
7.4.5.1 Bubble departure diameter
7.4.5.2 Wait period, growth period, and cycle times
7.4.5.3 Bubble departure frequency (f)
Summary
References
CHAPTER EIGHT - Numerical and experimental investigations of application of nanofluids in flow boiling processes
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Principle
8.3 Recent developments in the nanofluid applications of flow boiling process
8.3.1 Numeric approach
8.3.2 Experimental approach
8.4 Molecular dynamics approach for the flow boiling
8.5 Challenges and future perspective
8.6 Conclusions
References
CHAPTER NINE - Mathematical and numerical investigations of CO2 absorption and desorption process
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Principle
9.3 Experimental advances in the CO2 absorption using nanofluids
9.3.1 The effect of nanoparticle type
9.3.2 The effect of nanofluid concentration
9.3.3 The effect of nanoparticle size
9.4 Recent developments mathematical modeling of CO2 absorption process using nanofluids
9.4.1 Model development
9.4.2 Gas side equations
9.4.3 Membrane side equations:
9.4.4 Liquid equations
9.5 Current application of these models for numerical solution
9.5.1 Effect of gas/liquid velocity on absorption and desorption of nanofluids
9.5.2 Effect of concentration amines and nanoparticles on absorption and desorption of nanofluids
Summary
References
CHAPTER TEN - Experimental investigation of CO2 absorption process using nanofluids
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Case study of chemical absorption using amines
10.3 Principles of enhancement
10.3.1 Grazing (shuttle effect)
10.3.2 Hydro-dynamic effect in the gas–liquid boundary layer
10.3.3 Inhibition of bubble coalescence
10.4 Recent developments in the enhancement of mass transfer by nanofluids
10.4.1 Effect of nanofluid type
10.4.2 Impact of nanoparticle size
10.4.3 Impact of nanoparticle loading
10.5 Application of nanofluid-based CO2 absorption process
10.5.1 Experimental setup
10.6 Result and discussion
10.6.1 Effect of the MWCNT conc. on CO2 absorption
10.6.2 Stability study
10.6.3 Flow rate study
10.6.3.1 Flow rate study for different concentrations of nanofluids
10.6.3.2 Flow rate study for nanofluids with a different base fluid
10.6.3.3 Bubble dynamics
10.6.3.3.1 Bubble departure diameter
10.6.3.3.2 Cycle times
10.6.3.3.3 Bubble departure frequency (f)
10.7 Challenges and future perspectives
10.8 Applications in industry
Summary
References
CHAPTER ELEVEN - Mathematical, numerical, and experimental investigations of metal extraction processes
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Principle behind the metal extraction process by nanofluid: Mathematical governing equations
11.2.1 Mass-transfer correlations of nanofluids
11.2.2 Nanofluid preparation using deep eutectic solvents for extraction process
11.3 Recent developments: The conventional methods of extraction
11.3.1 Limitations of the conventional methods of extraction
11.4 Current application of nanofluids for the metal extraction
11.5 Comparative performance of nanofluids
11.6 Future predictions
Summary
References
Chapter Twelve - Application of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of wastewater treatment processes
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Principle for the use of nanoparticles
12.3 Current application of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment
12.4 Comparative performance of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment systems
12.4.1 Application of antimicrobial characteristics of nanomaterials in wastewater treatment
12.5 Nano-enhanced phase changes materials (nano-enhanced PCM)
12.6 Nano-enhanced desalination
12.7 Challenges using nanomaterials
12.8 Energy-water-food (EWF) nexus and nanotechnology
12.9 Future prospects
Summary
References
Chapter Thirteen - Nanofluid-based drug delivery systems
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Principle
13.3 Recent development
13.4 Current applications of nanofluid-based drug delivery system
13.4.1 Magnetic drug delivery
13.4.2 Microelectromechanical biosystems
13.4.3 Nanocrystals and nanoparticles
13.4.4 Nano-cryosurgery
13.4.5 Cancer treatment
13.4.5.1 Hyperthermia treatment
13.4.6 Anemia treatment
13.4.7 Antibacterial activity
13.4.8 Bio-imaging
13.5 Comparative performance of hybrid nanofluids
13.6 Challenges of the nanofluids
13.7 Future predictions
Summary
References
CHAPTER FOURTEEN - Computational analysis of nanofluids-based drug delivery system: Preparation, current development and a ...
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Principles
14.3 Recent development in nanofluids and CFD
14.4 Preparation methods of nanofluids
14.4.1 Single-step method
14.4.2 Two-step method
14.4.3 Other novel methods
14.4.4 Antibacterial activity
14.5 The stability of nanofluids
14.6 Current applications of nanofluids
14.6.1 Antibacterial activity
14.6.2 Nanodrugs delivery
14.7 Mathematical modeling of nanofluids
14.8 Computational modeling of nanoparticles (nanofluids)
14.9 Computational fluid dynamics
14.10 Comparative performance of the hybrid nanofluids and challenges
14.11 Future predictions
Summary
References
Index