This book discusses the impact of fuels characteristics and their effects on the combustion processes in internal combustion engines. It includes the analysis of a variety of biofuels (alcohol fuels and biodiesel) and biogases (natural gas, hydrogen, etc.), providing valuable information related to consequent effects on performance and emissions. The contents focus on recent results and current trends of fuel utilization in the transport sector. State-of-the-art of clean fuels application are also discussed. Thighs book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine instrumentation, and environmental research.
Author(s): Gabriele Di Blasio, Avinash Kumar Agarwal, Giacomo Belgiorno, Pravesh Chandra Shukla
Series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 261
City: Singapore
Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I General
1 Introduction to Application of Clean Fuels in Combustion Engines
Part II Biofuels for Internal Combustion Engines
2 Alcohol Fuels in Compression Ignition Engines
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Production and Properties of Alcohol Fuels
2.3 Fuelling Mode, Combustion, and Emissions of Alcohol Fuels in Compression Ignition Engines
2.3.1 Fuelling Mode
2.3.2 Combustion
2.3.3 Emissions
2.4 Conclusions
References
3 Alcohol Fuels in Spark Ignition Engines
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Production and Properties of Alcohol Fuels
3.2.1 Alcohol Fuels Production
3.3 Fuelling Mode, Combustion, and Emissions of Alcohol Fuels in Spark-Ignition Engines
3.3.1 Alcohol Fuels Properties
3.3.2 Fuelling Mode
3.3.3 Combustion
3.3.4 Emissions
3.4 Conclusions
References
4 Fuel Injection Strategies for Alcohol Utilization in Combustion Engines
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Strategies for Alcohol Utilization in Combustion Engines
4.2.1 Diesel-Alcohol/ Gasoline-Alcohol Blends
4.2.2 Manifold Injection of Alcohols
4.2.3 Direct Injection of Alcohols
4.3 Summary
References
5 Methanol Fuel in Compression Ignition Engines
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Properties of Methanol
5.3 Challenges to Methanol as an IC Engine Fuel
5.4 Methanol in IC Engines
5.5 Injection Strategies for Methanol in CI Engines
5.6 Pure Methanol Fuelled CI Engines
5.7 Methanol Fumigation
5.8 Blending with Diesel Fuel
5.9 Advanced Injection Concepts for Methanol
5.10 Conclusions
References
6 Butanol Fuel in Internal Combustion Engines
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Use of Butanol as a Fuel in IC Engine
6.3 Experimental Setup
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.5 Challenges of Butanol/Alcohol as Fuel in IC Engine
6.6 Outlook and Conclusions
References
7 Biofuel Combustion Generated Particles Analysis
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Soot Formation
7.3 Soot Emission Microstructure and Morphology
7.4 Soot Morphology and Microstructure of Biofuels
7.5 Conclusions
References
8 Engine Performance and Emissions of Fuels from Waste Products for Sustainable Environment
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and Methods
8.2.1 Base Fuel Preparation
8.2.2 Testing the Properties of Fuel Blends
8.2.3 Experimental Set up
8.2.4 Uncertainty and Error Analysis
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 Results of the Solubility and Properties
8.3.2 Performance Parameters
8.4 Conclusion
References
Part III Biogas for Internal Combustion Engines
9 The Role of Renewable Gas in the Mobility Emission Mitigation Strategies
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Sustainable Mobility as a New Essential Energy Vector
9.2 Renewable Gases in Mobility
9.2.1 Biomethane in Mobility
9.2.2 Hydrogen in Mobility
9.2.3 Synthetic Natural Gas or SYNGAS
9.3 Biomethane
9.3.1 Biogas Potential
9.3.2 Biogas Production
9.3.3 Biogas to Biomethane. Why is the Upgrading Needed?
9.3.4 Biogas to Biomethane. Upgrading Process
9.3.5 CO2 Removal Technologies
9.3.6 Well to Wheel Cycle
9.3.7 Adsorbed Biomethane
9.4 Hydrogen
9.4.1 Hydrogen Production
9.4.2 Hydrogen Storage
9.4.3 Hydrogen Applications
9.4.4 Fuel Cells Electric Vehicle (FCEV)
9.4.5 Fuel Cells in Other Vehicles
9.4.6 Research Lines in Hydrogen
9.4.7 Hydrogen Potential
9.5 Renewable Gas Valorisation
9.5.1 Power to Gas Technology
9.5.2 Hydrogen and Methane Blending
9.5.3 Renewable Gas Potential in Transport
9.6 Guarantees of Origin
9.7 Conclusions
References
10 Hydrogen in Spark Ignition Engines
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Materials and Methods
10.2.1 Hydrogen
10.2.2 Fuel Preparation
10.3 Experimental Setup
10.3.1 Uncertainty Analysis
10.4 Results and Discussion
10.4.1 Brake Thermal Efficiency
10.4.2 Brake Mean Effective Pressure
10.4.3 Carbon Monoxide
10.4.4 Hydrocarbon
10.4.5 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
10.4.6 Exhaust Gas Temperature
10.5 Conclusions
References
11 Advances in the Utilization of Biogas in Diesel Engines: An Exergy Based Approach
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Dual Fuel Technology
11.1.2 Challenges with Biogas Dual Fuel Technology
11.2 Energy and Exergy Analysis Applied to Engine Processes
11.2.1 Energy Analysis
11.2.2 Exergy Analysis
11.3 Impact of Engine Operating Parameters
11.3.1 Engine Load and Pilot Fuel Substitution Ratio
11.3.2 Methane Enrichment in Biogas
11.3.3 Pilot Fuel Injection Timing
11.3.4 Type of Pilot Fuel
11.4 Advances in the Combustion Methods for Biogas
11.4.1 Optimization of Engine Design Parameters
11.4.2 Blends of Pilot Fuels
11.4.3 Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI)
11.5 Summary
References
