Apomixis is a difficult-to-analyse trait with a complex molecular basis and a substantive effect on the biology of a species. Thus, apomixis is an interesting characteristic for researchers and students working in different fields of plant science and agriculture, and technological advances are enabling and making apomixis studies more common.
Apomixis in Angiosperms: Mechanisms, Occurrences, and Biotechnology provides a systematic introduction to the mechanisms and developmental types of apomixis along with an overview of alternative methodologies for identifying apomixis and a detailed reassessment of the occurrences of apomictic species among angiosperm families. Optional methods are illustrated with examples of all types of apomixis and biological levels of analysis, i.e. cells, ovules, seeds and offspring. Data on apomictic species are collected in tables along with information on ploidy, type of apomixis and references. Occurrences of apomixis are briefly discussed in phylogenetic and evolutionary contexts. An outline of the molecular basis of apomixis in plants is presented, together with prospects and challenges that remain for its biotechnological exploitation.
This book
Provides a systematic overview of the mechanisms of apomixis, developmental types and methodology for apomixis research.
Reassesses apomixis at the species level in angiosperm families.
Contains tables summarizing relevant information on apomixis.
Analyses occurrences of apomixis in phylogenetic and evolutionary contexts.
Outlines the molecular basis and biotechnological perspective of apomixis breeding.
This book presents an accessible overview of apomixis research and a curated dataset of apomictic species. It serves as a reference book for students, researchers and citizen scientists interested in apomixis, as well as researchers, business innovators and entrepreneurs pursuing apomixis breeding. It can also be used as a textbook in graduate courses on plant reproduction.
Author(s): Diego Hojsgaard, Thammineni Pullaiah
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 274
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Authors
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 2: Sexual Development and Pathways to Apomixis
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Sexual Pathway of Seed Formation
2.2.1 The Female Gametophyte
2.2.2 The Male Gametophyte
2.2.3 The Progamic Phase: From Pollination to Double Fertilization
2.2.4 The Making of a Seed: Embryo and Endosperm Formation
2.3 Main Features of Sexual Reproduction
2.4 Apomixis and the Alternatives to Sexual Seeds
2.4.1 Sporophytic Apomixis
2.4.1.1 Initial Cell Growth and Embryo Formation
2.4.1.2 Sexual Development in Sporophytic Apomicts
2.4.1.3 Main Features of Sporophytic Apomixis
2.4.2 Gametophytic Apomixis
2.4.2.1 Diplosporous Developments
2.4.2.1.1 The Antennaria Type
2.4.2.1.2 The Taraxacum Type
2.4.2.1.3 The Ixeris Type
2.4.2.1.4 The Eragrostis Type
2.4.2.2 Aposporous Developments
2.4.2.2.1 The Hieracium Type
2.4.2.2.2 The Panicum Type
2.4.2.2.3 Variations to the Panicum Type: The Setaria Type and Paspalum Type
2.4.2.3 Sexual Development and Embryo and Endosperm Formations in Diplosporous and Aposporous Apomicts
2.4.2.4 Main Features of Gametophytic Apomixis
2.5 Common Facts among Apomicts
2.6 Other Deviations from Sexual Reproduction
Chapter 3: Identifying Apomixis in Nature
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Detecting Apomixis in Flowers and Ovules
3.2.1 Embryology and the Identification of Apomixis Types
3.2.1.1 Embryological Methods
3.2.1.2 Callose Deposition
3.2.1.3 The Auxin Test for Parthenogenesis
3.2.2 Testing the Autonomous Development of Seeds
3.2.2.1 Pollen Exclusion Tests
3.2.2.2 Castration Experiments
3.3 Detecting Apomixis in seeds
3.3.1 Germination Tests
3.3.2 Flow Cytometric Seed Screen
3.3.3 Endosperm Storage Proteins
3.4 Detecting Apomixis in Plants and Progenies
3.4.1 Progeny Tests
3.4.1.1 Morphological Evaluation
3.4.1.2 Cytological Evaluation
3.4.1.3 Molecular Evaluation
3.4.2 Marker-Assisted Selection to Screen for Apomixis in Plants
3.5 Studying Apomixis-Associated Features
Chapter 4: Apomictic Grasses
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Considerations about the Occurrence and Type of Apomixis in Grasses
4.2.1 Doubtful Cases of Apomixis in Grasses
4.3 Pathways to Asexual Seeds in Grasses
4.3.1 Sporophytic Apomixis in Grasses
4.3.2 Gametophytic Apomixis in Grasses
4.3.2.1 The Aposporous Development
4.3.2.1.1 The Hieracium Type
4.3.2.1.2 The Panicum Type
4.3.2.1.3 The Setaria Type
4.3.2.1.4 The Paspalum Type
4.3.2.2 The Diplosporous Development
4.3.2.2.1 The Antennaria Type
4.3.2.2.2 The Taraxacum Type
4.3.2.2.3 The Eragrostis Type
4.3.2.3 Variations in Female Gametophyte Ontogeny and Anatomy
Chapter 5: Apomictic Daisies
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Considerations about the Occurrence and Type of Apomixis in Daisies
5.2.1 Doubtful Cases of Apomixis in Daisies
5.3 Pathways to Asexual Seeds in Daisies
5.3.1 Sporophytic Apomixis in Daisies
5.3.2 Gametophytic Apomixis in Daisies
5.3.2.1 The Aposporous Development
5.3.2.1.1 The Hieracium Type
5.3.2.2 The Diplosporous Development
5.3.2.2.1 The Antennaria Type
5.3.2.2.2 The Taraxacum Type
5.3.2.2.3 The Ixeris Type
5.3.2.3 Variations in Female Gametophyte Ontogeny and Anatomy
Chapter 6: Apomictic Roses
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Considerations about the Occurrence and Type of Apomixis in Roses
6.2.1 Doubtful Cases of Apomixis in Roses
6.3 Pathways to Asexual Seeds in Roses
6.3.1 Sporophytic Apomixis in Roses
6.3.2 Gametophytic Apomixis in Roses
6.3.2.1 The Aposporous Development
6.3.2.1.1 The Hieracium Type
6.3.2.2 The Diplosporous Development
6.3.2.2.1 The Antennaria Type
6.3.2.2.2 The Taraxacum Type
6.3.2.3 Variations in Female Gametophyte Anatomy and Maturity
Chapter 7: Apomixis in Other Families of Angiosperms
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Considerations on the Occurrence and Type of Apomixis in Distinct Families
7.2.1 Doubtful Cases of Apomixis in Different Plant Families
7.3 Pathways to Asexual Seeds in Other Plant Families
7.3.1 Sporophytic Apomixis
7.3.1.1 Nucellar Embryony
7.3.1.2 Integumentary Embryony
7.3.2 Gametophytic Apomixis
7.3.2.1 The Aposporous Development
7.3.2.1.1 The Hieracium Type
7.3.2.2 The Diplosporous Development
7.3.2.2.1 The Antennaria Type
7.3.2.2.2 The Taraxacum Type
7.3.2.2.3 The Ixeris Type
7.3.3 Variations in the Development of Asexual Seeds
Appendix: Apomixis in Other Angiosperm Families
Appendix 1.1
Appendix 1.2
Appendix 1.3
Appendix 1.4
Appendix 1.5
Appendix 1.6
Appendix 1.7
Appendix 1.8
Appendix 1.9
Appendix 1.10
Chapter 8: Apomixis in Angiosperms
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Apomixis in Angiosperms
8.2.1 Phylogenetic Distribution of Apomixis
8.2.2 Ranking of Apomictic Families and Prevalence of Apomictic Types
8.2.3 Apomixis and Endosperm Development
8.2.4 Apomixis and Ploidy
8.3 Apomixis and Sexuality
8.4 Taxonomic Issues Raised by Apomixis and Species Delimitations
8.5 Apomixis and Evolution
Chapter 9: Molecular Basis of Apomixis and Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Apomixis in Plant Breeding
9.3 Genetics of Apomictic Development
9.3.1 Sporophytic Apomixis
9.3.2 Gametophytic Apomixis
9.4 Apomixis Technology: The Quest for the Molecular Basis of Apomixis
9.5 Apomixis for Backing Up Genetic Diversity
Glossary
References
Index
