This is a single resource offering theoretical perspectives and reviews of research on the link between health behaviors and physical illness to anxiety. The authors explore the idea of reciprocal relations between anxiety and health factors throughout the developmental course. Special attention is devoted to the mechanisms by which certain health factors (e.g. physical exercise) may play a role in the onset or maintenance of particular anxiety disorders.
Author(s): Michael J. Zvolensky, Jasper A. J. Smits
Edition: 1
Year: 2007
Language: English
Pages: 392
Cover......Page 1
Anxiety in Health Behaviors and Physical Illness......Page 2
SERIES IN ANXIETY AND RELATED DISORDERS......Page 3
Anxiety in Health Behaviors and Physical Illness......Page 4
ISBN 0387747524......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Contributors......Page 9
Part 1: Health Behaviors and Anxiety Disorders......Page 13
Tobacco Use and Panic Psychopathology: Current Status and Future Directions......Page 14
Panic Psychopathology......Page 15
Vulnerability Nomenclature......Page 16
Tobacco Use: Definition, Nature, and Prevalence......Page 17
Prevalence of Comorbid Tobacco Use and Panic Psychopathology......Page 18
Nature of the Associations Between Tobacco Use and Panic Psychopathology......Page 22
References......Page 33
Alcohol Use and Anxiety Disorders......Page 40
Symptomatic and Syndromal Levels of Enquiry in the Anxiety - Alcohol Relationship......Page 41
Epidemiological Findings on the Anxiety - Alcohol Relationship......Page 42
Etiological Models of the Relationship......Page 43
Common Underlying Variables......Page 44
Alcohol Use Causes Anxiety......Page 45
Anxiety Causes Alcohol Use......Page 46
Moderating and Mediating Variables in the Anxiety - Alcohol Relationship......Page 48
Anxiety, Alcohol Use, and Other Health Behaviors......Page 52
Maintenance of Comorbid Anxiety and Alcohol Problems......Page 53
Treatment Outcome and Relapse......Page 54
Treatments of Comorbid Anxiety and Alcohol Use Disorders......Page 55
Conclusion......Page 58
References......Page 59
Illicit Drugs......Page 66
General Relationships Between Anxiety Disorders and Illicit Drug Use......Page 69
Relationships Between Specific Anxiety Disorders and Illicit Drug Use......Page 70
Temporal Order of Anxiety Disorders and Illicit Drug Use......Page 75
Illicit Drug Use Follows Anxiety Disorder Onset......Page 76
Common Third Variables that may Underlie Both Illicit Drug Use and Anxiety Disorders......Page 77
Treatment for Anxiety and Drug Use Disorder Comorbidity......Page 82
Conclusion......Page 83
References......Page 84
Introduction......Page 91
Physical Activity Defined......Page 92
Developmental Stages of Adopting Physical Activity......Page 94
Population-based Studies of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Anxiety......Page 95
Clinical Studies of the Relationship Between Physical Fitness and Anxiety......Page 96
Reductions in Anxiety with Exercise......Page 97
The Effects of Acute Exercise on Anxiety......Page 98
Exercise Training Programs for Clinical Anxiety......Page 99
Central Neurotransmitter Function......Page 102
Sleep Restoration......Page 103
Exposure......Page 104
Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 105
References......Page 107
Introduction......Page 115
Theoretical Models......Page 116
What criteria would support a single (spectrum) versus different disorders versus third factor models for anxiety and insomnia?......Page 118
What Evidence Supports a Single (Spectrum) Versus Different Disorders Versus Third Factor Models for Anxiety and Insomnia?......Page 120
Discussion......Page 129
Future Research......Page 130
References......Page 132
Part 2: Physical Conditions and Anxiety Disorders......Page 138
Introduction......Page 139
Possible Explanations for Observed Relationships......Page 140
Anxiety Symptoms in General......Page 141
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)......Page 142
Neurological Disease......Page 143
Endocrine/Metabolic/Autoimmune Disease......Page 144
Cancer......Page 145
Cardiovascular Disease......Page 146
Respiratory Disease......Page 147
Neurological Disease......Page 148
Gastrointestinal (GI) Disease......Page 149
Cancer......Page 150
Endocrine/Metabolic/Autoimmune Disease......Page 151
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)......Page 152
Endocrine/Metabolic Disease......Page 153
Endocrine/Metabolic Disease......Page 154
Conclusions......Page 155
References......Page 156
The Role of Puberty in Adolescent Anxiety: Theory and Evidence......Page 163
Operationalizing and Assessing Puberty: Methodological and Conceptual Issues......Page 164
Overview of Findings from the Empirical Literature - Differentiating Pubertal Status and Timing Effects......Page 168
Moving this Literature Forward: Conceptually-Driven Suggestions for Future Research......Page 175
Conclusions......Page 180
References......Page 181
The Menstrual Cycle......Page 188
Premenstrual Symptoms and Disorders......Page 189
Issues and Methods of Assessment......Page 190
Research on Premenstrual Anxiety......Page 194
Menstrual Cycle Effects on Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders......Page 196
Premenstrual Symptoms and Anxiety Disorders......Page 197
Models of Anxiety-Premenstrual Cycle Phase Interaction......Page 199
Treatment Approaches for Premenstrual Anxiety......Page 201
Health Behaviors and the Menstrual Cycle......Page 203
Summary of Research on Anxiety and the Menstrual Cycle......Page 204
Future Research......Page 205
References......Page 206
Introduction......Page 213
Understanding Pain......Page 214
Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Pain Samples......Page 215
Prevalence of Pain in Anxiety Disorder Samples......Page 219
Course......Page 220
Mutual Maintenance Model......Page 221
Shared Vulnerability (Diathesis)/Stress Models......Page 222
Summary......Page 223
Anxiety Sensitivity......Page 224
Selective Attention to Threat......Page 225
Lower Threshold for Alarm......Page 226
Summary......Page 228
Assessment......Page 229
Treatment......Page 231
Outstanding Issues and Conclusion......Page 233
References......Page 235
Asthma in Anxiety and Its Disorders: Overview and Synthesis......Page 242
Asthma......Page 243
Non-psychological Risk Factors for Asthma......Page 244
Asthma and Mental Health......Page 245
Anxiety in Children and Adolescents with Asthma......Page 246
Anxiety in Adults with Asthma......Page 252
Specificity of Panic Disorder in Asthma......Page 265
Anxiety and Asthma Symptom Severity......Page 267
The Effects of Anxiety on Asthma Related Quality of Life......Page 268
Anxiety Vulnerabilities in Asthma......Page 269
Specificity of the Anxiety-Asthma Relation......Page 270
Towards a Cognitive-Behavioral Model of the Co-occurrence of Anxiety and Asthma......Page 271
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of Anxiety in Asthma......Page 273
Summary of Extant Research......Page 275
Limitations and Future Directions......Page 276
References......Page 277
Introduction......Page 284
Some Terminology and Background......Page 285
Anxiety and Increased Risk for CHD: Prospective Evidence......Page 286
Prospective Epidemiological Studies......Page 287
Prospective Studies in Samples with Known CHD......Page 289
Studies in Psychiatric Samples......Page 291
Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in Patients with CHD......Page 292
Anxiety in Patients with Non-Cardiac Chest Pain......Page 294
Some Caveats in the Interpretation of Past Studies......Page 296
Conceptualizations of Anxiety......Page 297
Construct Definition Overlap......Page 298
Directionality......Page 299
Anxiety and Health-Compromising Behaviors......Page 300
Anxiety and Atherosclerosis......Page 301
Anxiety and Altered Cardiac Function......Page 302
Related Pathophysiological Mechanisms......Page 305
Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Anxiety-CHD Association......Page 307
Future Directions......Page 308
References......Page 310
Introduction......Page 321
An Overview of HIV......Page 322
Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders in People Living with HIV......Page 323
Anxiety and Risk for HIV Infection or Transmission......Page 326
Anxiety and HIV Disease Management......Page 330
HIV, Anxiety, and Health Behaviors......Page 331
HIV, Anxiety and Health-Related Quality of Life......Page 333
HIV and the Pathophysiology of Stress Hormones in Anxiety......Page 334
Directions for Future Research......Page 335
References......Page 337
Physical Illness and Anxiety Psychopathology......Page 345
Treatment of Anxiety Psychopathology......Page 350
Randomized with Treatment Comparison Group......Page 352
Randomized with Waitlist......Page 355
Nonrandomized with Control Group......Page 356
No Comparison Group......Page 357
Pharmacological Treatment of Physical Illness and Anxiety......Page 359
Future Directions......Page 364
Future Methodological Considerations......Page 365
References......Page 366
Index......Page 371
