Recognizing the significance of cultural aspects in the practice of medicine, this book places a strong emphasis on the social structure, customs, and history of the indigenous population and its ramifications on health care providers. The book also considers the econo-cultural influences on the way medicine is practiced. By including chapters that focus on health care's sudden advent as commodity and the microeconomic approach to public funding for health care facilities, the Nichters explore a world in which money and patients' expectations play an ever increasing role in the way health care is provided.
Author(s): Mark Nichter
Edition: 2
Year: 1996
Language: English
Pages: 482
BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 3
TITLE......Page 6
COPYRIGHT......Page 7
CONTENTS......Page 8
INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES......Page 10
FOREWORD......Page 11
PREFACE......Page 15
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 25
THE INDIAN STUDY......Page 29
LAY NOTIONS OF FERTILITY: CROSS-CULTURAL REFERENCES......Page 34
THE SRI LANKAN STUDY......Page 37
IMPLICATIONS FOR FAMILY PLANNING......Page 44
EDUCATION ABOUT FERTILITY......Page 48
NOTES......Page 50
REFERENCES......Page 57
INTRODUCTION......Page 62
STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY......Page 63
BABY SIZE AND FOOD CONSUMPTION: THE BIG BABY/SMALL BABY DILEMMA......Page 64
The Community Diagnosis Survey......Page 65
GENERAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE SURVEY......Page 72
ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH ON FOLK DIETETICS DURING PREGNANCY IN SOUTH KANARA: FOOD CONSUMPTION AND BABY SIZE......Page 73
How is a Large Baby Viewed?......Page 74
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DIETARY BEHAVIOR OF PREGNANT WOMEN......Page 75
Morning Sickness: Heat and Toxicity in the Body......Page 76
FOLK DIETETICS AND INDIGENOUS HEALTH CONCERNS: RAMIFICATIONS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH......Page 79
Health Concerns and Medicine Taking Behavior During Pregnancy......Page 83
CONCLUSION......Page 85
NOTES......Page 86
REFERENCES......Page 92
INTRODUCTION......Page 97
USE OF MODERN METHODS: SURVEY DATA......Page 98
THE RHETORIC OF RUMORS AND SIDE EFFECTS: A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT......Page 100
ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES: HOW THEY FUNCTION......Page 102
THE PILL: SIDE EFFECTS AS PRIMARY NEGATIVE EFFECTS......Page 104
BIRTH CONTROL PILLS AND BREASTFEEDING......Page 107
LONG-TERM COSTS OF ADAPTING TO ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES......Page 108
Self-Regulation of Oral Contraceptives......Page 109
THE USE OF ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES FOR MENSTRUAL REGULATION......Page 110
SURVEYS ON PILL USE: A CAUTIONARY NOTE......Page 111
STERILIZATION: HOW IT WORKS......Page 112
Side Effects of Sterilization......Page 113
CONDOM USE......Page 114
IUD: HOW IT WORKS......Page 116
SOCIAL CLASS AND PERCEPTIONS OF CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD APPROPRIATENESS......Page 119
SECRECY AND THE IDEAL OF CONTROL: THE IMPORTANCE OF RUMOR......Page 121
CONCLUSION......Page 123
NOTES......Page 125
REFERENCES......Page 131
INTRODUCTION......Page 138
DYSENTERY: CLINICAL SIGNS AND TREATMENT ISSUES......Page 140
CULTURAL RESPONSE TO BLOOD IN THE STOOL: WHAT IS KNOWN......Page 141
ILLNESS CLASSIFICATION: ETHNOGRAPHIC CONSIDERATIONS......Page 142
FROM A TAXONOMY TO A TASKONOMY APPROACH TO ILLNESS LABELING......Page 147
ILLNESS NARRATIVES......Page 151
BIOMEDICAL LANGUAGE AND PRACTITIONER TREATMENT PATTERNS......Page 152
CONCLUSION......Page 154
NOTES......Page 156
REFERENCES......Page 159
THE MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM......Page 163
Similarities......Page 165
Differences......Page 166
RESPONSE TO ARI BY THE INTERNATIONAL HEALTH COMMUNITY......Page 167
MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND ARI......Page 169
Lessons from Social Science Research on Diarrhea Applied to ARI......Page 170
NOTES......Page 187
REFERENCES......Page 192
CHAPTER 6 Acute Respiratory Illness: Popular Health Culture and Mother’s Knowledge in the Philippines......Page 201
FIELDSITE AND SAMPLE......Page 202
METHODS......Page 203
Popular Health Culture and ARI: Data Set One......Page 204
Data Set Two: Response to Cases of ARI......Page 214
CONCLUSION......Page 219
NOTES......Page 224
REFERENCES......Page 227
INTRODUCTION......Page 232
ĀYURVEDA AND POPULAR HEALTH CULTURE......Page 233
MASALA MEDICINE IN THE HEALTH BAZAAR......Page 235
HABITUATION (ABHYĀSA, AUCITYA)......Page 238
POWER......Page 243
DIET AND MEDICINE......Page 246
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDICINE......Page 248
Color and Taste......Page 252
Lightness and Heaviness......Page 253
LOCAL INTERPRETATION OF POLYPHARMACY......Page 255
CONCLUSION......Page 256
NOTES......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 265
INTRODUCTION......Page 268
Non-Prescribed Offerings......Page 269
Prescribed Offerings......Page 270
FEES FOR SERVICES......Page 274
Cosmopolitan Doctors......Page 276
HOW ARE FEES OFFERED?......Page 278
LAY COST RECKONING, FEE FOR SERVICE PAYMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE CHEMIST......Page 280
PUBLIC HEALTH RAMIFICATIONS OF PAYING FOR THERAPY......Page 282
DISCUSSION......Page 283
CONCLUSION......Page 286
NOTES......Page 288
REFERENCES......Page 292
INTRODUCTION......Page 295
AN OVERVIEW OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY......Page 297
THE COMMODIFICATION OF HEALTH......Page 299
Pharmaceuticalization......Page 301
The Appeal of Medicine Advertisements......Page 303
THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY’S RESPONSE TO “DOUBLE THINK” AND CULTURAL ISOLATION......Page 306
FACTORS PROMOTING THE COMMODIFICATION OF HEALTH......Page 308
TONICS: A SPECIAL CASE OF HEALTH COMMODIFICATION......Page 312
HOME TREATMENT, CHEMIST SHOPS, AND THE COMMODIFICATION OF HEALTH......Page 320
COMMERCIAL ĀYURVEDIC AND AYURPATHIC MEDICINES......Page 324
COSMOPOLITAN MEDICINES......Page 332
RAMIFICATIONS OF HEALTH COMMODIFICATION FOR COMMUNITY HEALTH......Page 333
CONCLUSION......Page 337
NOTES......Page 340
REFERENCES......Page 353
INTRODUCTION......Page 363
VOICES OF DISSENT TO VACCINATION PROGRAMS......Page 364
Supply-Service Factors......Page 369
Social Factors......Page 371
CULTURAL PERCEPTIONS OF VACCINATIONS AND EPI-RELATED ILLNESSES......Page 372
MEASLES: CASE STUDY......Page 379
CONCLUSION......Page 381
NOTES......Page 385
REFERENCES......Page 395
INTRODUCTION......Page 401
Role Strains as Inherent In Primary Health Care-Inspired Programs......Page 403
Medical Officer/Auxiliary Nurse Midwife Relationships in India......Page 406
The Impact of Targets on Teamwork and Volunteer Programs on Primary Health Care Staff......Page 409
ROLE CHANGES: THE SRI LANKAN CASE......Page 411
Public Health Nurses and Family Health Workers......Page 413
Health Educators......Page 414
CONCLUSION......Page 415
NOTES......Page 417
REFERENCES......Page 423
CHAPTER 12 Drink Boiled Cooled Water: A Cultural Analysis of a Health Education Message......Page 426
NOTES......Page 431
REFERENCES......Page 433
INTRODUCTION......Page 434
BANKING VERSUS THE NEGOTIATION MODE OF EDUCATION......Page 435
EDUCATION BY APPROPRIATE ANALOGY: A PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH APPROACH......Page 437
Steps in Framing Appropriate Analogies for Health Education......Page 438
Example One: Nutrition Education in India......Page 439
Analogical message developed through dialogue......Page 440
Example Two: Tonic Use......Page 441
Analogic message developed: Health like a good crop cannot be purchased through a bottle of tonic or a bag of urea......Page 442
Analogical message developed: A pregnant woman is like a field, a baby like a rice stalk......Page 443
THE USE OF TEACHING ANALOGIES FOR NUTRITION AND IMMUNIZATION EDUCATION IN SRI LANKA......Page 444
Health Educator’s Initial Message: Maternal and Child Health......Page 445
THE USE OF TEACHING ANALOGIES IN KENYA......Page 447
THE USE OF TEACHING ANALOGIES FOR FAMILY PLANNING IN THE PHILIPPINES......Page 449
CONCLUSION......Page 452
NOTES......Page 454
REFERENCES......Page 458
Epilogue: A Note on Aid......Page 461
ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 463
AUTHOR INDEX......Page 464
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 476
