Anthology of Arabic Discourse on Translation

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Contributors
Acknowledgments
Transliteration Guide
Introduction
Translation in Arabic History
The Early History of Arabic Translation
The Arabic Terms for Translation
Translation in Early Islam
Translation in the Classical Age of Islam
Translation in Modern Arabic
Current Research On Arabic Translation History
The Anthology
Methodology
The Corpus
Text Selection Criteria
Translation Anthology as Cultural Representation
On the Historical Perspective
Chronological vs. Thematic Organization
Periodization
A Historical Approach to Translation
Initial Findings/observations
Recommendations for Further Research
Interpreting
Community Translation
Bible Translation
Qur‘an Translation
Translation Teaching
The Anthology’s Divisions and Text Organization
Notes
Part
The Classical Period (C. 500 Ce–1800 Ce)
1 From Hadith and Islamic Jurisprudence (632)
Abu ’Abdullah Al-Shafi’i (767–820)
Al-Um (The Exemplar)
Ibn Hajar Al-‘Asqalani (1372–1449)
Fath Al-Bari: Sharh Sahih Al-Bukhari (Explanation of Al-Bukhari’s Hadith Collection)
Ibn Qaiym Al-Jawziya (1292–1349)
I’lam Al-Muwaqqi’in ’an Rabb Al-’Aalamin (Guidelines for Those Who Implement the Rules of God)
[Translation/interpreting for Judges and Rulers]
[From Al-Bukhari’s Collection of Hadiths]
A On Translating for Judges, and If One Interpreter Is Admissible
[Comments By Islamic Scholars On the Hadiths Cited By Al-Bukhari]
Al-’Asqalani, Explanation of Al-Bukhari’s Hadith Collection
Al-Shafi’i, The Exemplar
Ibn Qaiym Al-Jawziya, Guidelines
Commentary
Notes
2 Interpreters in Islamic Conquests (823)
Abu ’Abdullah Al-Waqidi (747–823)
Futuh Al-Sham (The Conquests of Syria)
Abu Jarir Al-Tabari (839–923)
Tarikh Al-Rusul Wa Al-Muluk (History of the Messengers and Kings)
Abu Al-Qasim Ibn ’Asakir (1105–1176)
Tarikh Dimashq (History of Damascus)
[Interpreters in Wars]
Al-Tabari, History of Messengers and Kings
[During the Arab Conquest of Persia]
Ibn ‘Asakir, History of Damascus
Al-Waqidi, The Conquest of Syria
[Before the Battle Outside Damascus, the Muslim Commander Has Challenged Byzantine Soldiers to a Duel]
[Narrative By ’Amair Al-Yashkuri, an Arab Soldier, About the Siege of Baalbek]
[Before the Battle of Yarmuk]
[During Battles in Palestine]
[During the Siege of Aleppo]
[In the Narrative of Al-Akwa’ Ibn’Abbad]
[During the Conquest of Armenia]
Commentary
Notes
3 Epistle Regarding What Was Translated of Galen’s Books (859)
Hunain Ibn Ishaq (810–873)
[Scientific Translation in the Early Abbasid Age]
Galen’s Book On Sects in Medicine
His Book On The Art of Medicine
Galen’s Book On the Pulse Addressed to Theuthras and Other Learners
To Glaucon
His Book On The Bones
The Elements According to Hippocrates
The Book of Natural Faculties
The Book of Causes
Diagnosis of Affected Places
Galen’s Book On the Therapeutic Method
His Book On Anatomical Procedures
His Book On Disagreements in Anatomy
His Book On Hippocrates’s Knowledge of Anatomy
His Book On Erasistratus’ Knowledge of Anatomy
His Book On The Motion of the Chest and the Lungs
His Book On The Causes of Breathing
His Book On The Voice
His Book On The Opinions of Hippocrates and Galen
His Book On The Uses of the Parts of the Body
His Book On Simple Drugs
His Book On Repletion
Commentary
Note
4 Book of Animals (869)
Abu ’Uthman Al-Jahidh (780–869)
Kitab Al-Haiawan (The Book of Animals)
[On the Difficulty and Limitations of Translation]
Commentary
Note
5 The Letter of ’Abdullah Al-Hashimi to ’Abd Al-Masih Al-Kindi, Inviting Him to Islam, and Al-Kindi’s Response, Inviting Al-Hashimi to Christianity (Ninth–eleventh Centuries)
[Translation in the Framework of Muslim–Christian Polemics]
Al-Hashimi’s Letter to Al-Kindi
The Response of Abdul Masih Al-Kindi
Commentary
Notes
6 Nabataean Agriculture (930)
Abu Bakr Ibn Wahshiya (?–930)
Al-Filaha Al-Nabatiya (Nabataean Agriculture)
[Translating the Heritage of Minorities]
Commentary
Notes
7 Debate On the Merits of Grammar and Logic (935)
Matta Ibn Yunus (?–939)
Abu Sa’id Al-Sirafi (897–979)
The Debate Between Matta and Al-Sirafi (Abu Haian Al-Tawhidi’s Al-‘Imta’ Wa Al-Mu‘anasa [Enjoyment and Companionship])
[On Translation and Linguistic Difference]
Commentary
Notes
8 Explanation of the Torah in Arabic (941)
Sa’diya (Gaon) Ben Joseph Al-Fayumi (882–941)
Tafsir Al-Tawrat Bi Al-’Arabiya (Explanation of the Torah in Arabic)
Commentary
Note
9 Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems (957)
Abu Al-Hasan Al-Mas’udi (896–957)
Muruj Al-Thahab Wa Ma’adin Al-Jawhar (Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems)
[The Beginning of Translation in the Abbasid Age]
Commentary
Notes
10 The Index (990)
Muhammad Ibn Al-Nadim (?–990)
Al-Fihrist (The Index)
[The Motivations for the Translation Movement]
Statements at the Beginning of this From the Scholars in Their Own Words
Another Account
Another Account
The Reasons Why Books On Philosophy and Other Ancient Sciences Have Been Translated in this Land
Commentary
Notes
11 Approximating the Scope of Logic: (1063)
Ibn Hazm Al-Andalusi (995–1063)
Al-Taqrib Li Hadd Al-Mantiq (Approximating the Scope of Logic)
[The Human Origins of Knowledge and Barriers to Translation]
[Introduction to Logic Or Isagoge]
Commentary
12 Commentary On Aristotle’s Poetics (1198)
Ibn Rushd (Averroes) (1126–1198)
Talkhis Kitab Aristu Talis Fi Al-Shi’r (Commentary On Aristotle’s Book On Poetry)
[On the Universal Laws of Poetry]
[From Four, On Panegyric]
[From Five, On Panegyric and the Nature of Imitation It Employs]
[From Six]
[Types of Imitation]
[From Seven]
Commentary
Notes
13 History of Wise Men (1248)
Jamal Al-Din Al-Qifti (1172–1248)
Ikhbar Al-’Ulama‘ Bi Akhbar Al-Hukama‘ (History of Wise Men)
[Methods of Translating Greek Philosophy and Science]
Aristotle, Son of Nicomachus
On Categorias [Categories], Its Translators and Exegetes
On Sophistiqa [Sophistical Refutations], Which Deals With Specious Wisdom
On Rhetoriqa, That Is “Rhetoric”
On Coming to Be and Corruption, By Him
Upper Phenomena [Meteorology] By Aristotle
On the Soul
On Sense and the Sensible, By Him
Animals By Aristotle
Divinity, Also Known as Letters and Metaphysics [Aristotle’s Metaphysics]
Apollonius the Carpenter [of Perga]
On Galen’s Commentaries On Hippocrates’ Books
Ptolemy Philadelphus
Commentary
Notes
14 The Translation of the Samaritan Torah (The Second Half of the Thirteenth Century)
Tarjamat Al-Tawrat Al-Samiriya (The Translation of the Samaritan Torah)
[On the “True” Translation of the Torah]
Commentary
Notes
15 The Chronicles of Time (Late Thirteenth Century)
Akhbar Al-Zaman (The Chronicles of Time)
[On the First Language and the Confusion of Tongues]
The Confusion of Tongues
Commentary
Notes
16 Classes of Physicians (1270)
Abu Al-’Abbas Ibn Abi Usaibi’a (1200–1270)
’Uyun Al-Anba‘ Fi Tabaqat Al-Attiba‘ (Classes of Physicians)
[On Medical Translation]
Galen’s Works
The Classes of Physicians Who Translated Medical Books and Others From Greek Into Arabic, and an Account of Those for Whom They Translated
The Classes of Syriac Physicians Who Were Active in the Beginning of the Abbasid State
The Classes of Physicians Who Appeared in Al-Maghreb and Lived There
Commentary
Notes
17 Treaties Between Islamic States and Italian Cities (Fourteenth–sixteenth Centuries)
Translation as a Profession
[Treaties Between the Hafsid State and Italian Cities]
[1313]
[1353]
Clause 10
Clause 11
Clause 13
[1445]
In the Name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful
Praised Be God, the Lord of the Two Domains
[Treaties Between the Mamluk State and Italian Cities]
[1496]
Clause
[1507]
The Exalted Name
Qansuh
Commentary
Note
18 Collected Fatwas, Refutation of Al-Jahmiya, Response to Those Who Have Changed the Religion of Christ (1328)
Taqi Al-Din Ibn Taimiya (1263–1328)
Al-Jawab Al-Sahih Liman Baddala Din Al-Masih (The Sound Refutation of Those Who Have Changed the Religion of Christ)
Baian Talbis Al-Jahmiya Fi Ta‘sis Bida’ihim Al-Kalamiya (Demonstration of the Deceitfulness of the Jahmiya in Their Establishment of Their Kalam Innovations)
Majmu’ Al-Fatawa (Collected Responses)
[The Role of Translation in the Transmission of Religious Scriptures]
From The Sound Refutation
The Fifth Aspect
(Part Two)
(Part Three)
(Part Five)
Commentary
[On Terminological Incompatibility in Translation]
From Demonstration of the Deceitfulness of the Jahmiya
(Part 2)
(Part 3)
(Part 4)
Commentary On the Two Texts
Note
19 Commentary On the L-Rhymed Poem (1363)
Salah Al-Din Al-Safadi (1296–1363)
Al-Ghaith Al-Musajjam (Commentary On the L-Rhymed Poem)
[The Two Methods of Translation]
Commentary
20 The Reconciliation of the Fundamentals of Islamic Law (1388)
Abu Ishaq Ibrahim Al-Shatibi (1204–1285)
Al-Muwafaqat Fi ‘Usul Al-Fiqh (The Reconciliation of the Fundamentals of Islamic Law)
[Translation and the Levels of Semantic Reference]
Commentary
Note
21 On the Fundamentals of Jurisprudence, On the Rules of Jurisprudence, On the Sciences of the Qur‘an (1392)
Badr Al-Din Al-Zarkashi (1344–1392)
Al-Burhan Fi ’Ulum Al-Qur‘an (On the Sciences of the Qur‘an)
[The Possibility of Translating the Qur‘an]
From On the Fundamentals of Jurisprudence
From On the Rules of Jurisprudence
From On the Sciences of the Qur‘an
Commentary
On the Fundamentals of Jurisprudence
On the Rules of Jurisprudence
On the Sciences of the Qur‘an
Notes
22 Ibn Khaldun’s Journey (1406)
’Abd Al-Rahman Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406)
Al-Ta’rif Bi Ibn Khaldun Wa Rihlatuh Sharqan Wa Gharban (Introducing Ibn Khaldun and His Journey East and West)
[Ibn Khaldun: a Translator of Cultures]
Commentary
Notes
23 The Craft of Composition (1418)
Abu Al-’Abbas Al-Qalqashandi (1355–1418)
Subh Al-A’sha Fi Sina’at Al-Insha (On the Craft of Composition)
[Translation in the Mamluk Chancellery]
(Part One)
Second Objective: Explaining the Foreign Language Knowledge Required of a Clerk
Category One—correspondence
(from Part One)
Number Seven: a Clerk Who Maintains the Chancellery’s Records and Registers
Second Type: Writing Summaries and Responding to Reports From the Royal Diwans
Fourth Type: Correspondence Arriving From the Christian Kings in Al-Andalus, the Northern Regions, and Other Territories in Those Parts
Commentary
Notes
24 A Treatise On the Translation of the Qur‘an (1542)
Muhammad Ibn Bilal (1471–1550)
Risala Fi Tarjamat Al-Qur‘an (A Treatise On the Translation of the Qur‘an: On Al-Razi’s Injunction Against Prayer ...
[On Prayer in Translation]
The Twelfth Argument
The Fifteenth Argument
Commentary
Notes
25 Translation of Ulugh Beg’s Astronomical Tables (C. 1543)
[Scientific Translation After the “Golden Age”]
In the Name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful
In the Name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful
Commentary
Notes
26 The Holy Scriptures in Arabic (1671)
Sarkis Ibn Musa Al-Rizzi (C. 1572–1638)
Al-Kutub Al-Muqaddasa Bi Al-Lisan Al-’Arabi (The Holy Scriptures in the Arabic Tongue)
[The First Missionary Translation of the Bible]
Introduction
Commentary
Notes
Part
The Nahda Period (1800–1918)
27 The History of Al-Jabarti (C. 1822)
’Abd Al-Rahman Al-Jabarti (1753–1825)
’Aja‘ib Al-Athar Fi Al-Tarajim Wa Al-Akhbar (Marvelous Compositions of Biographies and Chronicles, Or The History of Al-Jabarti)
[Chronicles of Translation During the French Occupation of Egypt]
Commentary
Notes
28 Document for Appointing Rifa’a Al-Tahtawi (1831): Promotion of Al-Tahtawi to the Rank of Amiralay (1846)
Muhammad ’Ali Pasha (1770–1849)
Rifa’a Al-Tahtawi (1701–1873)
Rifa’a Al-Tahtawi’s Appointment as a Teacher at the Medical School in Abu Za’bal
[Muhammad .Ali Pacha Signals the Start of the Translation Movement]
[The Official Patronage of Translation]
Commentary
29 Speech Delivered at the Staging of The Miser (1848)
Marun Al-Naqqash (1817–1855)
Speech Delivered at the Staging of The Miser, From Arzat Lubnan (The Cedar of Lebanon)
[Between Translation and Authorship]
The Speech That He (May He Rest in Peace) Delivered Upon Introducing His First Play in February of 1848
Commentary
Notes
30 Translation of Robinson Crusoe (1861)
Butrus Al-Bustani (1819–1883)
Al-Tuhfa Al-Bustaniya Fi Al-Sira Al-Kruziya (The Bustanian Gem of the Crusian Biography)
The Translator’s Introduction
Commentary
31 The Bible, That Is the Old and New Testaments, Newly Translated From the Hebrew and Greek Languages ...
Eli Smith (1801–1857)
Cornelius Van Dyck (1818–1895)
Nasif Al-Yaziji (1800–1871)
Yusuf Al-Asir Al-Husaini (1817–1889)
Butrus Al-Bustani
Note On the Protestant Translation
32 The Seekers’ Guide to the Precious Bible (1869)
Simeon Calhoun (1804–1876)
Murshid Al-Talibin Ila Al-Kitab Al-Muqaddas Al-Thamin (The Seekers’ Guide to the Precious Bible)
[The Veracity of the Bible and Its Universal Nature]
Part 1: 6: On the Authenticity of the Holy Bible
Part 1: 8: of the Translation of the Holy Bible
The Sixth: the Arabic Translation
Commentary
Note
33 Proofs of the Fundamental Truth of Christianity (1877)
James Shepard Dennis (1842–1914)
Khulasat Al-Adilla Al-Saniya ’ala Sidq Usul Al-Diana Al-Masihiya (Summa of Supreme Proofs of the Fundamental Truth of Christianity
[On the Accuracy of Translation]
Commentary On the Protestant Translation
Notes
34 Revealing the Hidden Arts of Europe (1866)
Ahmad Faris Al-Shidiaq (1803–1887)
Kashf Al-Mukhabba ’an Funun Uruba (Revealing the Hidden Arts of Europe)
The English Pursuit of Fame
Commentary
Notes
35 The Holy Bible (The Jesuit Translation): First Edition (1876–1881): Second Edition (1897)
Augustin Rodet (1828–1906)
Ibrahim Al-Yaziji (1847–1906)
[Introduction to the First Edition]
The Translators’ Preface
Commentary
[The Jesuit Translation]
Introduction to the Second Edition
Commentary
Notes
36 Official Documents About His Service as a Translator (1887–1896)
Ahmad Zaki Pasha (1867–1934)
[Translation as a Government Profession]
Document 1
Cabinet Head
Document 2
Document 3
Document 4
Cabinet Head
Document 5
Commentary
Notes
37 Edifying Plays in the Art of Tragedy (1893)
Muhammad ’Uthman Jalal (1829–1898)
Al-Riwayiat Al-Mufida Fi ’ilm Al-Tarajida [Edifying Plays in the Art of Tragedy]
Al-Amani Wa Al-Minna Fi Hadith Qabul Wa Ward Jinnah (Hope and Gratitude: The Tale of Qabul and Ward Jinna)
Edifying Plays in the Art of Tragedy
In the Name of God the Beneficent, the Merciful.
Commentary
Note
38 The Tale of Qubul and Ward Jinna (1912)
In the Name of God the Beneficent, the Merciful
Commentary
Notes
39 “Arabization” (1895)
Khalil Baidas (1874–1949)
Jurji Zaidan (1861–1914)
[The Limits of Translation]
Arabization
(Nazareth) Khalil Effendi Ibrahim Baidas
Commentary
Note
40 “Language and this Age” (1897)
Ibrahim Al-Yaziji
[Arabic and the Challenges of Modernity]
Commentary
Note
41 Copyright of Authorship and Translation (1899–1905)
Jurji Zaidan
Articles On the Rights of Translator and Authors
The Translation of Armanusa the Egyptian Into Russian
The Translation of Armanusa the Egyptian Into the French Language
Praise and Criticism Section
(The Rights of Translation and the Rights of Authorship)
The Rights of Translation and the Rights of Authorship
(Halfa) Halim Effendi Hilmi, Teacher at a Government School
The Translation of The Virgin of Quraish Into English
(Request for Permission)
Esteemed Founder of the Innovative Al-Hilal
The Rights of Printing and Translation in Egypt
(Alexandria) Salim Effendi Sa’id
The Novels of Al-Hilal
Their Persian Translations and Omitting the Author’s Name
Commentary
Note
42 Translation in Islamic History (1900–1912)
Rashid Rida (1860–1935)
Muhammad ’Abdo (1849–1905)
Shibli Nu’mani (1857–1914)
The Civilization of the Arabs
(Third Overview)
Astronomy
Islam and Christianity With Science and Civilization
(The Third Article By this Wise Guide and Erudite Teacher)
The Interest of Muslims in Literary, and Then Logical Knowledge
Their Establishment of Scientific Schools and Methods of Teaching
The Sciences and Discoveries of the Arabs
Critique of the History of Islamic Civilization
Shaikh Shibli Al-Nu’mani
4
The Dissemination of Knowledge and Science
Commentary
Notes
43 Translation of Les Misérables (1903)
Hafidh Ibrahim (1871–1932)
Translation of Les Misérables By Hugo
In the Name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate
Introduction
On the Rendering of this Book Into Arabic
Commentary
Notes
44 Homer’s Iliad (1904)
Sulaiman Al-Bustani (1856–1925)
The Translation of Homer’s Iliad
Introduction
The Iliad and Islam
Arabic Translators
The Translation
The Translator’s Personal Account of His Translation of the Iliad
Translating the Original
Writing the Explanations
Principles of Translation
Arabic Translators
The Translator’s Approach to Translating The Iliad
Preserving the Original
Avoiding the Inelegant and Arcane
Versification in Translation
Greek and European Rhymes and Meters
Commentary
Notes
45 Celebrating the Translator of the Iliad (al-Muqtataf Magazine) (1904)
[Perspectives On Translation in the Nahda]
Esteemed Gentlemen
Commentary
Notes
46 Europe’s Crime Against Itself and the World (1906)
[Translation and Morality]
A Word On Authorship and Translation
Commentary
Notes
47 Guide for the Modern Translator (1906)
Murshid Al-Mutarjim Al-Hadith (Guide for the Modern Translator)
[On the Methods of Teaching Translation]
Commentary
Note
48 The Gospel of Barnabas (1908)
Khalil Sa’ada (1857–1934)
Rashid Rida
Translation of the Gospel of Barnabas
The Translator’s Introduction
The Publisher’s Introduction
Commentary
Notes
49 “Copyright Law” (1910)
[The First Translation Legislation in Arabic]
The Copyright Law
Commentary
Note
50 “Poetry and Poets” (1910)
Amin Al-Rihani (1876–1940)
Al-Rihaniyat (al-Rihani’s Collected Essays)
[The Local and the Global]
Commentary
Notes
51 “Translation Lessons” (1912)
(1870–1931)
Hidaiat Al-Mudarris Li Al-Nidham Al-Madrasi Wa Turuq Al-Tadris (The Teacher’s Guidance to the School System and Teaching Methods)
[The Methods and Benefits of Teaching Translation]
Commentary
52 “‘La Marseillaise’: History of the French National Anthem and Its Translation Into Arabic” (1918)
The Arabic Translations
Commentary
Notes
Bibliography
Appendices: Abbreviation List
Appendix (1) Statistical Tables for the Classical Period
Appendix 2 Statistical Tables for the Nahda Period
Index