Members of the “animal welfare science community”, which includes both scientists and philosophers, have illegitimately appropriated the concept of animal welfare by claiming to have given a scientific account of it that is more objectively valid than the more “sentimental” account given by animal liberationists. This strategy has been used to argue for merely limited reform in the use of animals. This strategy was initially employed as a way of “sympathetically” responding to the abolitionist claims of anti-vivisectionists, who objected to the use of animals in research. It was subsequently used by farm animal scientists. The primarily reformist (as opposed to abolitionist) goals of this community make the false assumption that there are conditions under which animals may be raised and slaughtered for food or used as models in scientific research that are ethically acceptable. The tendency of the animal welfare science community is to accept this assumption as their framework of inquiry, and thus to discount certain practices as harmful to the interests of the animals that they affect. For example, animal welfare is conceptualized is such a way that death does not count as harmful to the interests of animal, nor prolonged life a benefit.
Author(s): Richard P. Haynes
Edition: 1
Year: 2008
Language: English
Pages: 187
Contents......Page 21
Preface......Page 5
Introduction......Page 8
Part I: The Science of Laboratory Animal Care and Welfare......Page 24
1. Introduction......Page 25
Hume and UFAW......Page 28
The RSPCA and Its Science Committees......Page 31
Conclusion......Page 32
3. The Historical Roots of the Science of Laboratory Animal Welfare in the US......Page 34
The Animal Care Panel and Its Successors......Page 35
APS, NSMR, and the AWI Challenge......Page 38
AALAS and AAALAC......Page 41
The Guide of Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care......Page 44
ILAR......Page 49
NIH......Page 50
LASP (NIH)......Page 51
Challenges and Alternative Conceptions......Page 52
Conclusion......Page 55
4. Laboratory Animal Welfare Issues in the US Legislative and Regulatory History......Page 57
The Origin of the IACUC......Page 69
Professional Autonomy and Conflicting Values......Page 70
6. Do Regulators of Animal Welfare Need to Develop a Theory of Psychological Well-Being?......Page 77
Regulatory Background......Page 78
Problems in Defining "Psychological Well-Being"......Page 79
Psychological Well-Being as a State of Mind......Page 80
7. Conclusion......Page 86
Part II: The Emergence of the Science of Food Animal Welfare Mandated by the Brambell Commission Report......Page 88
8. Introduction......Page 89
The Classification of Theories of Welfare......Page 92
Reformists vs. Reformism......Page 93
Rollin's Telos Theory and the Contract and Custodian Models......Page 96
Conclusion......Page 101
Introduction......Page 104
Duncan's Classification of Schools of Thought About Animal Welfare......Page 105
Value Judgments......Page 110
Revealed Preference and Preference Testing......Page 113
Value Assumptions......Page 115
Ethical Theories......Page 117
Competing Definitions of Welfare......Page 123
Ethical Questions About Animal Welfare......Page 126
The Fairness Issue......Page 129
13. Nordenfelt and Nussbaum on Animal Welfare......Page 134
Nussbaum Account of Capabilities and Flourishing......Page 137
Conclusion......Page 140
14. Conclusion to Part II......Page 141
Ethical Theories Used to Justify Reformism......Page 142
Part III: Giving Animals What We Owe Them......Page 144
15. Introduction to Part III......Page 145
The Contractual Model......Page 147
They Owe Their Lives to Their Breeders......Page 149
The Logic of the Larder Argument......Page 150
Slaughter as a Form of Wildlife Management......Page 151
Caretaking and Caregiving......Page 152
Conclusion......Page 153
17. A General Theory of Our Moral Obligations to Nonhuman Animals......Page 155
Animals as Workers......Page 157
A General Theory of Justice for Nonhuman Animals......Page 158
Preserving Species and Zoos......Page 159
Conclusion......Page 160
18. Conclusion: Competing Conceptions of Animal Welfare......Page 162
A......Page 167
E......Page 168
J......Page 169
P......Page 170
U......Page 171
Z......Page 172
