Anesthesia Considerations for the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon

Cover
Frontmatter
CONTENTS
DEDICATIONS
PREFACE
CONTRIBUTORS
Section I: Principles of Anesthesia Administration
Chapter 1: Basic Principles of Anesthesia
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacodynamics
Central Nervous System Regulation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Pharmacology and Utility of Intravenous Anesthesia
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates
Propofol
Ketamine
Opioids
Etomidate
Dexmedetomidine
Neuromuscular Blockers
Glucocorticoids
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: Pharmacology and Utility of Inhalation Anesthesia
Overview of Inhalation Anesthesia
Nitrous Oxide
Isoflurane
Desflurane
Sevoflurane
Clinical Inhalation Anesthesia Techniques
Summary
References
Chapter 4: Local Anesthesia Basics
Mechanism of Action
Dosing
Techniques
Complications
Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: Prophylactic and Perioperative Antibiotics
Infectious Endocarditis
General Principles of Effective Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Antibiotic Use by Procedure
Patients Requiring Special Consideration
Summary
References
Chapter 6: Analgesia Considerations in Anesthesia
Mechanisms of Pain
Preoperative Period
Intraoperative Period
Postoperative Period
Pain Management in Patients with Chronic Painor Opioid Dependence
Summary
References
Chapter 7: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Pathophysiology
Risk Factors
Antiemetic Interventions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Monitoring the Patient
Monitoring Requirements
Principles of Monitoring
Visual Assessment, Auditory Assessment, and Palpation
Electrocardiography
Blood Pressure Monitoring
Pulse Oximetry
etCO2 Monitoring
Temperature Monitoring
Twitch Monitoring
Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Electrocardiography
Elements of the ECG
ECG Leads
ECG Monitoring
ECG Interpretation
Indications for preoperative ECG
Cardiac Consultation
Conclusion
References and Recommended Reading
Chapter 10: Pre-anesthetic Patient Evaluation
History
Physical Examination
Airway Evaluation
Other Assessments
Summary
References
Chapter 11: Management of Airway Urgencies and Emergencies
Supplemental Oxygen, Preoxygenation, and Oxygen Delivery Systems
Airway Management Maneuvers
Airway Management Adjuncts
Emergency Surgical Airway
Ventilation/Airway Urgencies and Emergencies
Summary
References
Chapter 12: Medical Emergencies
Malignant Hyperthermia
Bronchospasm
Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction
Hypertensive Urgency/Emergency
Hypoglycemia
Anaphylaxis
Adrenal Insufficiency
Perioperative Hypotension
Vasovagal Syncope
Hyperventilation
Summary
References
Chapter 13: Aftermath ofan Adverse Outcome or Complication
Documentation Is Your Best Defense
Preparing for Adverse Events
Responding to an Adverse Event
The Litigation Process
Emotional Impact on the Surgeon and Staff
Summary
Section II: Anesthesia and Comorbid Disease
Chapter 14: The Central Nervous System
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Metabolic Disorders
Porphyria
Neurodegenerative/Demyelinating Disorders
Alzheimer Disease
Parkinson Disease
Multiple Sclerosis
Cerebrovascular Accident
Stroke
Structural Disorders
Seizure Disorder
Neoplasm
Psychiatric Disorders
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15: The Cardiovascular System
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Cardiac Cycle
Congestive Heart Failure
Hypertension
Ischemic Heart Disease
Valvular Heart Disease
Congenital Heart Disease
Pulmonary Stenosis
Coarctation of the Aorta
Atrial Septal Defect
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Ventricular Septal Defect
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: The Pulmonary System
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Asthma
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Acute Respiratory Infection
Restrictive Lung Diseases
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17: The Digestive System
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Ulcerative Colitis
Crohn Disease
Summary
References
Chapter 18: The Renal System
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Acute Kidney Disease
Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Renal Disease
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Fluid and Electrolyte Disturbances
Conclusion
References
Chapter 19: The Hepatic System
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Hepatitis
Cirrhosis and Liver Failure
Conclusion
References
Chapter 20: The Endocrine System
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Diabetes Mellitus
Hypoglycemia
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Hypercortisolism (Cushing Syndrome)
Hypocortisolism (Adrenal Insufficiency)
References
Chapter 21: The Musculoskeletal System
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Scleroderma
Muscular Dystrophy
Myasthenia Gravis
Marfan Syndrome
Conclusion
References
Chapter 22: The Immune System
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Organ Transplantation
Diabetes Mellitus
Anaphylactic/Anaphylactoid Reactions
Conclusion
References
Section III: Anesthesia in Special Patient Groups
Chapter 23: Hematopathology and Coagulopathy
Anatomy and Physiology
Hemostasis
von Willebrand Disease
Hemophilia A
Hemophilia B
Sickle Cell Disease
Methemoglobinemia
Oral Anticoagulation Therapy
Summary
References
Chapter 24: Malignancy
Chemotherapy
Radiation Therapy
Systemic Effects of Metastatic Disease
Conclusion
References
Chapter 25: Geriatrics
Cardiovascular Function
Respiratory Function
Central Nervous System
Renal Function
Cognitive Function
Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics
Pre-anesthetic Assessment
Conclusion
References
Chapter 26: Special Needs Populations
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
References
Chapter 27: Pediatric Considerations
Anatomical and Physiologic Considerations
Psychologic Assessment
Monitoring During Anesthesia
Common Comorbidities Affecting Anesthesia Management
Routes of Anesthesia Administration
References
Chapter 28: Pregnancy
Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy
Anesthetic Considerations
Summary
References
Chapter 29: Obesity and Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Obesity
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Risk Assessment
Anesthetic Considerations
Management of Potential Complications
Conclusion
References
Chapter 30: Considerations for the Substance Abuse Patient
Marijuana
Cocaine
Methamphetamine
Opioids
Conclusion
References
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Comprehensive Drug Index
Appendix B: Commonly Used Drugs and Doses
Appendix C: Algorithms
INDEX