Arriving in the 15th century and beyond, European explorers came to North America hoping to discover another civilization like those of the Maya or Inca to plunder. Not finding mountains of gold or silver, they saw no value in what they did find: myriad sophisticated cultures with hundreds of vibrant cities, roadways, canals, extensive trade networks, art, religious traditions, and thousands of earthen pyramids.
Author(s): Edwin Barnhart
Series: The Great Courses
Publisher: The Teaching Company
Year: 2018-06
Language: English
Pages: 232
Tags: Ancient History
Professor Biography......Page 3
Course Scope......Page 7
L1 • The Unknown Story of Ancient North America......Page 8
Ancient Cultures......Page 9
Dating......Page 11
L2 • The First Human Migrations to the Americas......Page 13
Timing......Page 14
Migrations......Page 15
Where Did They Go?......Page 17
How and Why?......Page 19
L3 • Clovis Man: America’s First Culture......Page 20
The Skeleton......Page 21
The Clovis Find......Page 22
Distribution of Clovis Culture......Page 23
End of the Clovis......Page 24
Folsom People......Page 26
Folsom Sites......Page 27
L4 • The Archaic Period: Diversity Begins......Page 29
Life Changes......Page 30
Regional Diversity......Page 31
The American Southwest......Page 33
Changes Continue......Page 35
The Pacific Coast......Page 36
L5 • Late Archaic Innovations......Page 38
The Pacific Coast......Page 39
Corn......Page 40
Art......Page 41
To the Northeast......Page 43
L6 • Poverty Point: North America’s First City......Page 46
Overview of the Point......Page 47
The Population......Page 48
Mounds B, E, and A......Page 50
Woodhenges......Page 51
Trade......Page 52
Other Sites......Page 53
L7 • Medicine Wheels of the Great Plains......Page 55
Medicine Wheels......Page 56
Origins......Page 57
Astronomy......Page 59
Other Theories......Page 61
Symbolism......Page 62
L8 • Adena Culture and the Early Woodlands Period......Page 63
Overview......Page 64
The Changes of the Woodlands Period......Page 65
Adena Culture......Page 66
The Adena People......Page 67
Agriculture and Pipes......Page 68
Perspective......Page 69
L9 • The Hopewell and Their Massive Earthworks......Page 71
The Hopewell......Page 72
Hopewell Art......Page 74
Hopewell Sites......Page 75
Serpent Mound......Page 76
Astronomy......Page 77
Conclusion......Page 79
L10 • The Origins of Mississippian Culture......Page 80
The Late Woodlands Period......Page 81
Southern Developments......Page 82
The Mississippian Period......Page 85
Art......Page 86
Themes in Art......Page 87
L11 • The Mississippian City of Cahokia......Page 89
Overview......Page 90
Chunkey......Page 92
Population Surge......Page 93
Violence......Page 94
Transformation and Decline......Page 95
L12 • The Wider Mississippian World......Page 97
Major Hubs......Page 98
Wisconsin and Ontario......Page 99
Moundville......Page 100
Evolution and Decline......Page 102
Spiro Mounds......Page 103
L13 • De Soto versus the Mississippians......Page 105
The Start of the Story......Page 106
Northward......Page 107
Cofitachequi......Page 108
The Coosa Kingdom and Alabama......Page 111
Another Blunder......Page 112
More Attacks......Page 114
After de Soto......Page 115
L14 • The Ancient Southwest: Discovering Diversity......Page 116
Defining the Southwest......Page 117
Early Curiosity......Page 118
Advancements......Page 120
Classification......Page 122
Different Periods......Page 123
Further Developments......Page 124
L15 • The Basketmaker Culture......Page 126
Background......Page 127
Corn......Page 128
The Early Basketmaker II Period......Page 130
Mummies......Page 131
The Basketmaker III Period......Page 132
L16 • The Mogollon Culture......Page 134
Overview......Page 135
The Mogollon Lifestyle......Page 137
Pottery......Page 139
Revival......Page 140
L17 • The Hohokam: Masters of the Desert......Page 142
Overview......Page 143
The Sedentary and Classic Periods......Page 144
Settlement Techniques......Page 146
Irrigation......Page 147
Hohokam Art......Page 148
Changes......Page 150
L18 • The Ancestral Pueblo......Page 151
Overview......Page 152
Settlement Pattern......Page 153
Kivas......Page 154
Particular Sites......Page 156
Changes......Page 158
L19 • The Chaco Phenomenon......Page 160
Overview......Page 161
Pueblo Bonito......Page 163
Conclusion......Page 165
L20 • Archaeoastronomy in the Ancient Southwest......Page 167
A Discovery......Page 168
The Solstice Project......Page 169
The Great Houses......Page 170
Lunar Alignments......Page 172
Conclusion......Page 173
L21 • The Periphery of the Ancient Southwest......Page 175
To the South......Page 176
The Pecos Area......Page 178
To the North......Page 179
To the West......Page 180
Contained Influence......Page 182
L22 • Late Period Cultures of the Pacific Coast......Page 183
Background......Page 184
Niches......Page 186
The Chumash......Page 187
Chumash Inventions......Page 188
Chumash Society......Page 189
The Pacific Northwest......Page 191
Pacific Northwest Culture......Page 192
Potlatches and War......Page 193
L23 • Late Period Cultures of the Great Plains......Page 195
Pre-Contact Culture Zones......Page 196
Hunting......Page 197
The Horse and Violence......Page 199
Villagers......Page 200
Later Changes......Page 201
The Pawnee......Page 203
L24 • The Iroquois and Algonquians before Contact......Page 207
Background......Page 208
Layout of the People......Page 209
The Owasco Culture......Page 210
The Iroquois......Page 211
Hostilities......Page 212
The Five Nations......Page 213
Activities of the Five Nations......Page 214
Other Contact Episodes......Page 215
Squanto and Conclusion......Page 217
Bibliography......Page 218
Image Credits......Page 230
