Anatomy of Orofacial Structures: A Comprehensive Approach, 8e

Front Cover
Inside Front Cover
Anatomy of Orofacial Structures
Copyright Page
Dedication
Reviewers
Preface to the Eighth Edition
Table Of Contents
Unit I Introduction
1 Oral Cavity
Objectives
Vestibule
Anterior and Posterior Borders
Superior and Inferior Borders
Coronoid Process
Clinical Consideration
Alveolar Bone Loss
Mucosa
Buccal Alveolar Bone
Oral Cavity Proper
Hard Palate
Soft Palate
Lateral Borders
Posterior Borders
Tongue and Floor of Mouth
Tongue
Floor of Mouth
Other Clinical Manifestations of the Oral Cavity
Review Questions
Unit I Test
Unit I Suggested Readings
Unit II Dental Anatomy
2 The Tooth
Objectives
Function of Teeth
Crown and Root
Root to Crown Ratio
Tooth Tissues
Enamel
Dentin
Cementum
Pulp
Types of Teeth
Incisors
Canines
Premolars
Molars
Surfaces of Teeth
Division of Surfaces
Line Angles
Line Angles for Anterior Teeth
Line Angles for Posterior Teeth
Point Angles
Point Angles for Anterior Teeth
Point Angles for Posterior Teeth
Landmarks
Anterior Teeth
Posterior Teeth
Review Questions
3 Fundamental and Preventative Curvatures
Objectives
Evolution of Fundamental and Preventative Curvatures and Proximal Alignment of the Teeth
Proximal Contact Areas
Interproximal Spaces
Embrasures
Location of the Contact Areas, Interproximal Spaces, and Embrasures
Facial View
Occlusal View
Facial and Lingual Contours
Curvature of the Cementoenamel Junction
Self-Cleaning Qualities of the Teeth
Periodontium
Review Questions
4 Dentition
Objectives
Arrangement of Teeth
Naming and Coding Teeth
Universal System
Palmer Notation System
Federation Dentaire Internationale System
Dental Formula
Additional Information
Review Questions
5 Development, Form, and Eruption
Objectives
Developmental and Form
Developmental Lobes
Lobes and Cusps
Premolars
Molars
Eruption
Permanent Dentition
Periods of Dentition
Review Questions
True or False
6 Occlusion
Objectives
Position and Sequence of Eruption
Development of the Mesial Step
Horizontal Alignment
Vertical Alignment
Occlusion
Centric Relation
Centric Occlusion
Overjet, Overbite, and Crossbite
Open Bite
Occlusal Classification
Lateral Mandibular Glide (Lateral Excursion)
Protrusion
Premature Contact
Fundamentals of Ideal Occlusion in Permanent Dentition
Review Questions
7 Dental Anomalies
Objectives
Classification of Dental Anomalies
Anomalies in Shape
Odontoma
Dens in Dente
Dilaceration
Dwarfed Roots
Gemination
Fusion
Concrescence
Hypercementosis
Cementoma
Enamel Pearls
Hutchinson’s Incisors
Enamel Dysplasia
Enamel Fluorosis
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Turner’s Tooth
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Tetracycline Staining
Abnormal Crown Shapes
Abnormal Root Formation
Review Questions
8 Supporting Structures
Objectives
Gingival Unit
Free Gingiva (Marginal Gingiva)
Attached Gingiva
Alveolar Mucosa
Attachment Unit: Periodontium
Cementum
Alveolar Bone
Periodontal Ligament
Gingival Sulcus and Dentogingival Junction
Review Questions
True or False
9 Clinical Considerations
Objectives
Preventive Clinical Considerations
Decay and Periodontal Disease
Trauma
Contours of Teeth
Therapeutic Considerations
Maintaining Form in Restorations
Maintaining Proper Bite in Restorations
Pain
Tooth Migration
Interrelation of the Dental Structures
Review Questions
10 Tooth Identification
Objectives
General Rules of Tooth Identification
Incisors
Maxillary
Central Incisor
Lateral Incisor
Right Versus Left
Mandibular
Central Incisor
Right Versus Left
Lateral Incisor
Right Versus Left
Canines
Maxillary
Right Versus Left
Mandibular
Premolars
Maxillary
First Premolar
Right Versus Left
Second Premolar
Right Versus Left
Mandibular
First Premolar
Right Versus Left
Second Premolar
Right Versus Left
Molars
Maxillary
First Molar
Right Versus Left
Second Molar
Right Versus Left
Third Molar
Right Versus Left
Mandibular
First Molar
Right Versus Left
Second Molar
Right Versus Left
Third Molar
Right Versus Left
Review Questions
11 Root Morphology
Objectives
Functions of Roots
Sensory Functions
Reparative and Nourishment Functions
Support Functions
Tooth Movement
Periodontal and Hygiene Considerations
Root Canals
Review Questions
12 Incisors
Objectives
Maxillary Permanent Incisors
Central Incisors
Labial Aspect (see Figs. 12.3 and 12.10, A)
Lingual Aspect (Figs. 12.5 and 12.6; see also Fig. 12.10, B)
Mesial Aspect (Fig. 12.7; see also Fig. 12.10, D)
Distal Aspect (Fig. 12.8; see also Fig. 12.10, E)
Incisal Aspect (Fig. 12.9; see also Fig. 12.10, C)
Lateral Incisors
Labial Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Incisal Aspect
Root
Pulp Cavity
Pertinent Data
Maxillary Central Incisors
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Maxillary Lateral Incisors
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Mandibular Incisors
Central Incisors
Labial Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial and Distal Aspects
Incisal Aspect
Lateral Incisors
Labial Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial and Distal Aspects
Incisal Aspect
Root
Pulp Cavity
Pertinent Data
Mandibular Central Incisors
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Mandibular Lateral Incisors
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Review Questions
13 Canines
Objectives
Maxillary and Mandibular Permanent Canines
Maxillary Canines
Labial Aspect (Fig. 13.2; See Fig. 13.1, A)
Lingual Aspect (Fig. 13.3; Also See Fig. 13.1, B)
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Incisal Aspect
Root
Pulp Cavity
Pertinent Data
Maxillary Canines
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Mandibular Canines
Labial Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Incisal Aspect
Root
Pulp Cavity
Pertinent Data
Mandibular Canines
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Review Questions
True or False
14 Premolars
Objectives
Maxillary Premolars
First Premolars
Facial (Buccal) Aspect (Fig. 14.2; See Fig. 14.1, A)
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Occlusal Aspect
Root
Pulp Cavity
General Characteristics
Second Premolars
Facial (Buccal) Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Occlusal Aspect
Root
Pulp Cavity
Pertinent Data
Maxillary First Premolars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristic
Maxillary Second Premolars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Maxillary First Premolars Compared With Maxillary Second Premolars
Mandibular Premolars
First Premolars
Facial (Buccal) Aspect
Lingual Aspect (Fig. 14.17; See Fig. 14.15, B)
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Occlusal Aspect
Root
Pulp Cavity
Second Premolars
Facial (Buccal) Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect (Fig. 14.25; See Fig. 14.22, D)
Distal Aspect
Occlusal Aspect (Fig. 14.27; See Also Fig. 14.22, C)
Root
Pulp Cavity
Pertinent Data
Mandibular First Premolars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Mandibular Second Premolars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Review Questions
True or False
15 Molars
Objectives
Eruption Times of Molars
Maxillary Molars
First Molars
Facial (Buccal) Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect (Fig. 15.7; See Fig. 15.3, E)
Occlusal Aspect
Other Anatomic Structures
Second Molars
Facial (Buccal) Aspect (Fig. 15.10; See Fig. 15.9, A)
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Occlusal Aspect
Third Molars
Roots
Pulp Cavity
Pertinent Data
Maxillary First Molars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Maxillary Second Molars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Maxillary Third Molars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Mandibular Molars
First Molars
Facial (Buccal) Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Occlusal Aspect
Second Molars
Facial (Buccal) Aspect (Fig. 15.27; See Fig. 15.26, A)
Lingual Aspect (Fig. 15.28; See Fig. 15.26, B)
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Occlusal Aspect
Third Molars
Roots
Pulp Cavity
Pertinent Data
Mandibular First Molars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Mandibular Second Molars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Mandibular Third Molars
Location of Proximal Contact Areas
Height of Contour
Identifying Characteristics
Review Questions
16 Deciduous Dentition
Objectives
Essential Differences Between Deciduous and Permanent Teeth
The Importance of Deciduous Teeth
Maxillary Central Incisors
Labial Aspect (Fig. 16.6; see Fig. 16.5, A)
Lingual Aspect
Mesial and Distal Aspects
Incisal Aspect
Maxillary Lateral Incisors
Roots of Maxillary Incisors
Mandibular Central Incisors (Fig. 16.10)
Labial Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial and Distal Aspects
Incisal Aspect
Mandibular Lateral Incisors
Roots of Mandibular Incisors
Maxillary Canines (Fig. 16.16)
Labial Aspect (Fig. 16.17; see Fig. 16.16, A)
Lingual Aspect
Mesial and Distal Aspects (Fig. 16.19; see Fig. 16.16, D and E)
Incisal Aspect
Mandibular Canines (Fig. 16.21)
Labial Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial and Distal Aspects (Fig. 16.24; see Fig. 16.21, D and E)
Incisal Aspect
Roots of Canines
Maxillary First Molars (Fig. 16.26)
Buccal Aspect (Fig. 16.27; see Fig. 16.26, A)
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect (Fig. 16.29; see also Fig. 16.26, D)
Distal Aspect (Fig. 16.30; see Fig. 16.26, E)
Occlusal Aspect
Roots of Maxillary First Molars
Maxillary Second Molars (Fig. 16.32)
Buccal Aspect
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Occlusal Aspect
Roots of Maxillary Second Molars
Mandibular First Molars (Fig. 16.38)
Buccal Aspect (Fig. 16.39; see Fig. 16.38, A)
Lingual Aspect (Fig. 16.40; see Fig. 16.38, B)
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect
Occlusal Aspect
Roots of Mandibular First Molars
Mandibular Second Molars (Fig. 16.44)
Buccal Aspect (Fig. 16.45; see Fig. 16.44, A)
Lingual Aspect
Mesial Aspect
Distal Aspect (Fig. 16.48; see Fig. 16.44, E)
Occlusal Aspect (Fig. 16.49; see Fig. 16.44, C)
Roots of Mandibular Second Molars
Pulp Cavities of Deciduous Teeth
Review Questions
True or False
Unit II Test
Suggested Readings
Unit III Oral Histology and Embryology
17 Basic Tissues
Objectives
Cell Structure
Organelles
Cellular Inclusions
Epithelial Tissue
Simple Epithelium
Simple Squamous Epithelium
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
Stratified Epithelium
Stratified Cuboidal or Stratified Columnar Epithelium
Transitional Epithelium
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
Stratum Basale or Stratum Germinativum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum Granulosum
Stratum Corneum
Glands
Distributive Mechanisms
Secretory Mechanisms
Arrangement of Components
Products
Embryonic Origin
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue Proper
Dense Connective Tissue
Regular Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue With Special Properties
Mucous Connective Tissue
Elastic Tissue
Reticular Tissue
Adipose Tissue
Pigment Tissue
Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Fibro Cartilage
Bone
Spongy or Cancellous Bone
Compact or Dense Bone
Intramembranous Formation
Endochondral Formation
Bone Structure
Blood
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Agranulocytes
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Platelets
Muscle Tissue
Skeletal Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
Smooth Muscle
Nervous Tissue
Review Questions
18 Development of Orofacial Complex
Objectives
Embryologic Stages
Prefacial Embryology
Facial Development
Palatal Development
Cleft Lips and Palates
Other Structural Development Inside the Pharyngeal Arches
Review Questions
19 Dental Lamina and Enamel Organ
Objectives
Dental Lamina
Enamel Organ
Bud Stage
Cap Stage
Outer Enamel Epithelium
Inner Enamel Epithelium
Stellate Reticulum
Bell Stage
Functions of the Four Layers of the Enamel Organ
Successional Lamina
Vestibular Lamina
Dental Papilla and Dental Sac
Review Questions
20 Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp
Objectives
Dental Papilla
Enamel Composition
Development of Enamel
Fate of Enamel Organ
Abnormalities of Enamel
Hypocalcified Enamel
Hypoplastic Enamel
Enamel Lamellae
Enamel Tuft
Enamel Spindle
Dentin Composition
Formation of Regular Dentin (Primary Dentin)
Formation of Secondary and Reparative Dentin
Secondary Dentin
Reparative Dentin
Abnormalities in Dentin
Interglobular Dentin
Dead Tracts
Sclerotic Dentin
Pulp
Abnormalities in Pulp
Review Questions
21 Root Formation and Attachment Apparatus
Objectives
Root Formation
Attachment Apparatus
Dentinocemental Junction
Cementum
Cementum Resorption
Alveolar Bone
Periodontal Ligament
Structural Overview
Bone Remodeling in Tooth Movement
Review Questions
22 Eruption and Shedding of Teeth
Objectives
Active Tooth Eruption
Preeruptive Stage
Eruptive Stage
Posteruptive Stage
Causes of Eruption
Root Growth
Alveolar Bone Formation and Changes
Periodontal Ligament
Vascular Pressure in Dental Tissues
The Role of the Tooth Itself
Shedding of Primary Dentition
Retained Primary Teeth
Review Questions
23 Oral Mucous Membrane
Objectives
Divisions of Mucous Membrane
Masticatory Mucosa
Lining Mucosa
Submucosa
Passive Eruption
Changes in Oral Mucosa
Review Questions
24 The Tongue
Objectives
Development of the Tongue
Tongue Muscles
Papillae
Circumvallate or Vallate Papillae
Fungiform Papillae
Filiform Papillae
Foliate Papillae
Review Questions
25 Histology of the Salivary Glands
Objectives
Components of a Salivary Gland
Acini
Serous Acini
Seromucous Acini
Mucous Acini
Connective Tissue Capsule
Duct System
Intralobular Ducts
Intercalated Ducts
Striated (Secretory) Ducts
Interlobular Ducts
Control of Secretions
Formation of Saliva
Function of Saliva
Review Questions
Unit III Test
Suggested Readings
Unit IV Head and Neck Anatomy
26 Osteology of the Skull
Objectives
Views of the Skull
Anterior View of the Skull
Lateral View of the Skull
Inferior View of the Skull
Floor of the Cranial Cavity (Fig. 26.7)
Posterior View of the Skull
Roof of the Cranial Cavity of the Skull
Major Bones of the Skull
Neurocranium
Viscerocranium
Maxillae
Processes
Maxillary Sinuses
Lateral View
Inferior View
Medial View
Mandible
Lateral View
Medial View
Posterior View
Review Questions
27 Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses
Objectives
Nose and Nasal Cavity
External View
Internal View
Epithelial Lining
Paranasal Sinuses
Location
Frontal Sinuses
Sphenoid Sinuses
Ethmoid Sinuses
Anterior Ethmoid Air Cells
Middle Ethmoid Air Cells
Posterior Ethmoid Air Cells
Maxillary Sinuses
Function of Sinuses
Clinical Problems
Review Questions
28 Muscles of Mastication, Hyoid Muscles, and Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles
Objectives
Muscles of Mastication
Masseter Muscle
Temporal Muscle
Medial Pterygoid Muscle
Lateral Pterygoid Muscle
Hyoid Muscles
Suprahyoid Group
Digastric Muscle
Mylohyoid Muscle
Geniohyoid Muscle
Stylohyoid Muscle
Infrahyoid Group
Omohyoid Muscle
Sternohyoid Muscle
Sternothyroid Muscle
Thyrohyoid Muscle
Movements of the Jaw and Larynx
Mandibular Protrusion
Mandibular Retrusion
Lateral Excursion of the Mandible
Elevation of the Mandible
Depression of the Mandible, Opening of the Mouth
Laryngeal Movements
Sternocleidomastoid Muscle
Trapezius Muscle
Review Questions
30 Muscles of Facial Expression
Objectives
Ears
Anterior Auricular Muscle
Superior Auricular Muscle
Posterior Auricular Muscle
Scalp
Occipitofrontalis (Epicranius)
Neck
Platysma
Eyes
Orbicularis Oculi
Corrugator
Procerus
Nose
Dilator Naris
Compressor Naris
Mouth
Orbicularis Oculi
Levator Labii Superioris
Zygomaticus Minor
Zygomaticus Major
Levator Anguli Oris
Depressor Labii Inferioris
Depressor Anguli Oris
Mentalis
Buccinator
Risorius
Review Questions
29 Temporomandibular Joint
Objectives
Structure
Movement
Problems Associated With the TMJ
Pain in the TMJ Area
Internal Problems of the TMJ
TMJ Sounds
Disc Derangement
Subluxation
Bruxism
Arthritis and Other Pain in the TMJ
Review Questions
31 Soft Palate and Pharynx
Objectives
Soft Palate
Palatoglossus Muscle
Palatopharyngeus Muscle
Muscle of the Uvula
Levator Veli Palatini
Tensor Veli Palatini
Pharynx
Pharyngeal Constrictors
Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
Inferior Pharyngeal Constrictor Muscle
Pharyngeal Elevators and Dilators
Palatopharyngeus Muscle
Stylopharyngeus Muscle
Salpingopharyngeus Muscle
Actions
Speech
Swallowing
Review Questions
32 Arterial Supply and Venous Drainage
Objectives
Arterial Supply
Common Carotid Artery
Lingual Artery
Facial Artery
Maxillary Artery
Infratemporal Fossa Branches
Inferior Alveolar Artery With Mental Branch.
Temporal Branches.
Masseteric Branch.
Pterygoid Branches.
Middle Meningeal Artery.
Buccal Branch.
Pterygopalatine Fossa Branches
Descending Palatine Artery.
Posterior Superior Alveolar Artery.
Pterygopalatine (Sphenopalatine) Artery.
Infraorbital Artery.
Venous Drainage
Jugular Veins
Review Questions
33 Salivary Glands
Objectives
Major Salivary Glands
Parotid Gland
Submandibular (Submaxillary) Gland
Sublingual Gland
Minor Salivary Glands
Labial Glands
Buccal Glands
Palatine Glands
Glossopalatine Glands
Lingual Glands
Anterior Lingual Glands
Lingual Glands of von Ebner
Posterior Lingual Glands
Sublingual Glands
Development of Salivary Ducts
Innervation of Salivary Glands
Review Questions
34 Nervous System
Objectives
Central Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous System
Spinal Nerves
Cranial Nerves
Autonomic Nervous System
Nerves to the Oral Cavity and Associated Structures
Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial Nerve V)
Ophthalmic Division (V1)
Maxillary Division (V2)
Posterior Superior Alveolar Nerve
Sphenopalatine Nerve
Pterygopalatine Nerves
Zygomatic Nerve
Infraorbital Nerve
Mandibular Division (V3)
Anterior Division
Buccal Nerve.
Posterior Division
Lingual Nerve.
Inferior Alveolar Nerve.
Auriculotemporal Nerve.
Facial Nerve (CN VII)
Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
Vagus Nerve (CN X)
Review Questions
35 Lymphatics and Spread of Dental Infection
Objectives
Lymphatic System
Distribution Pattern
Submandibular Nodes
Upper Deep Cervical Nodes
Lower Deep Cervical Nodes
Node Groups Affected by Disease
Spread of Infection in Fascial Spaces
Other Maxillary Infections
Review Questions
36 Anatomic Considerations of Local Anesthesia
Objectives
Dental Local Anesthetics
Local Infiltration or Supraperiosteal Injection
Local Infiltration
Supraperiosteal Injection
Maxillary Supraperiosteal Injection
Mandibular Supraperiosteal Injection
Dental Nerve Blocks
Maxillary Nerve Blocks
Palatal Nerve Blocks
Mandibular Nerve Blocks
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
Mental Block
Incisive Nerve Block
Buccal Nerve Block
Gow-Gates Nerve Block
Review Questions
Unit IV Test
Unit IV Suggested Readings
Appendix
Glossary
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Z
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
Workbook
1 Oral Cavity
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
2 The Tooth: Functions and Terms
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
3 Fundamental and Preventative Curvatures: Proximal Alignment of Teeth and Protection of the Periodontium
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
4 Dentition
True-False Questions
Fill-In-The-Blanks
Multiple-Choice Questions
5 Tooth Development, Form, and Eruption
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
6 Occlusion of the Tooth
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Question
Case Study
7 Dental Anomalies
True-False Questions
Matching
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
8 Supporting Structures
True-False Questions
Fill-in-the-Blank
Multiple-Choice Questions
9 Clinical Considerations
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
Case Study
Case Study
Group Exercise
10 Tooth Identification
True-False Questions
Fill-in-the-Blank
Case Study
Identification of Teeth
11 Root Morphology
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
12 Incisors
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
13 Canines
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
14 Premolars
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
15 Permanent Molars
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
16 Deciduous Dentition
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
17 Oral Histology and Embryology
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
18 Development of Orofacial Complex
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
19 Dental Lamina and Enamel Organ
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
20 Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
21 Root Formation and Attachment Apparatus
True-False Questions
Matching
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
22 Tooth Eruption and Shedding
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
23 Oral Mucous Membrane
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
24 Tongue
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
25 Salivary Glands
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
26 Osteology of the Skull
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
27 Nose, Nasal Cavity, and Paranasal Sinuses
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
28 Muscles of Mastication, Hyoid Muscles, and Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius Muscles
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
29 Temporomandibular Joint
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
30 Muscles of Facial Expression
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
31 Soft Palate and Pharynx
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
32 Arterial Supply and Venous Drainage
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
33 Salivary Glands
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
34 Nervous System
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
35 Lymphatics and Spread of Dental Infection
True-False Questions
Matching
Multiple-Choice Questions
Case Study
36 Anatomic Considerations of Local Anesthesia
True-False Questions
Multiple-Choice Questions
Flashcards