Sheffield Hallam University, 2008. — 94 p.This document is intended to help you draw conclusions from your data by statistically analysing it using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). The contents are set out in what seems a logical order to me however if you are in a rush, or you don't conform to my old fashioned linear learning model then feel free to jump in at the middle and work your way out! Most researchers will be working to a protocol that they set out way before gathering their data, if this is the case then theoretically all you need to do is flip to the pages with the procedures you need on and apply them. It is however my experience that many researchers gather data and then are at a loss for a sensible method of analysis, so I'll start by outlining the things that should guide the researcher to the appropriate analysis.Contents:
Contents:
What this document covers
Types of Data.
Structuring your data for use in SPSS
Creating descriptive statistics and graphs
SPSS versions
Entering and saving Data.
Saving Your Work
Looking at the Data
Exploring the data.
More on drawing Boxplots
Using Descriptive Statistics
More on different types of data
The difference between Mean and Median
Standard Deviation (S.D.) what is it?
Histograms and the Normal Distribution
Bar charts.
Using Scatterplots to look for correlation
Line graphs.
Pie charts
Inferential Statistics
From Sample to Population.
A Parametric test example
Using a Non-parametric Test
Observed Significance Level
Asymptotic significance (asymp. Sig.)
Exact significance (exact sig.)
Testing Paired Data
Correlation
Significance in perspective.
Looking for correlation is different from looking for increases or decreases
Correlation: descriptive and inferential statistics
What have we learned so far?
Test decision chart.
The Chi-Square Test.
Cross-tabulation
Some examples to get your teeth into.
Analysis of Variance - one-way ANOVA
Repeated measures ANOVA.
Making sense of the repeated measures ANOVA output.
Inter-Rater Agreement using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
Cronbach's Alpha
Inter rater agreement using Kappa
Calculating the sensitivity and specificity of a diagnostic test
Copying information from SPSS to other programs
More about parametric and nonparametric tests
Creating a new variable in SPSS based on an existing variable
