An opportunity for a different Peru. Prosperous, equitable, and governable

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editor Biographies
Acronyms
Synthesis
I. Rationale—Why This Book?
II. The Opportunity for a Different Peru—The Main Messages
III. An Economy That Creates Jobs
IV. A New Social Contract
V. A State to Be Proud of
VI. Putting It All Together—An Agenda For Action
Part I Thematic Chapters
Chapter 1. The Power of Growth to Build a Prosperous Society
I. Introduction
II. Growth and Poverty Reduction—Over Time and Across Countries
III. How to Achieve Sustained High Growth
Bibliography
Chapter 2. Governance: A Strategy for State Reform
I. Introduction
II. Toward a New Strategy for State Reform
III. Diagnostic: Four Areas of State Reform
IV. Policy Recommendations
V. Conclusion
Bibliography
Annex
Part II An Economy That Generates Jobs
MACROECONOMIC STABILITY
Chapter 3. Macroeconomic Framework for Sustainable Growth
I. Background
II. Sources of Economic Growth: An Accounting Framework
III. Recent Macroeconomic Performance and Key Challenges
IV. Key Policy Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 4. Toward a More Efficient Tax Policy
I. Introduction
II. Structure and Trends in the Tax System
III. The Three Main Problems: Exemptions, Business Informality and Tax Evasion, and Constantly Changing Rules
IV. Current Tax Policies and Some Policy Options
V. Conclusions
Bibliography
Annex 1. Principal Changes in Tax Legislation over the Past 10 Years
Annex 2. Estimated Fiscal Impact of the Principal Tax Law Changes, 1997–2000
Annex 3. Estimated Fiscal Impact of the Principal Tax Measures, 2001–05
Chapter 5. Fiscal Sustainability and Debt Management
I. Background
II. Debt Sustainability
III. Debt Management and Debt Market Development, 2000–05
Annex I. International Comparisons: Tables and Graphs
Annex II. Analytical Framework for Fiscal Sustainability
Bibliography
Chapter 6. Infrastructure Concessions: Moving Forward
I. Main Infrastructure Sector Issues
II. Infrastructure Needs and Impact on Poverty and Growth
III. Moving Forward
Bibliography
GROWTH AND COMPETITIVENESS
Chapter 7. Access to Financial Services: Setting the Basis for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth
I. Current Status
II. Future Challenges
III. Key Policy Recommendations
Bibliography
Annex
Chapter 8. Trade and Competitiveness in Peru
I. Recent Performance and Challenges for Trade and Competitiveness
II. Key Policy Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 9. Toward Agricultural Competitiveness and Rural Social Equity
I. Background
II. Conditions: Foundations for a Policy of Equitable Agricultural Development
III. Options: Competitiveness and Social Equity
Bibliography
Chapter 10. Territorial Development
I. Introduction
II. The Context
III. Progress in the Territorial Approach
IV. Creation of the Mechanism to Support Territorial Development
V. Some Steps for Implementation
Bibliography
INFRASTRUCTURE
Chapter 11. Urban Transportation
I. Transportation Problems in Lima
II. Recent Initiatives
III. Regional Reform Trends in the Sector
IV. Policy Options and Recommendations
V. Problems and Outlooks in Other Urban Centers of Peru
Bibliography
Chapter 12. Rural Infrastructure
I. Key Problems
II. Options for a Rural Infrastructure Policy and Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 13. Electricity Sector
I. Introduction
II. Main Issues and Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 14. Potable Water and Sanitation
I. Introduction
II. Principal Challenges for the Sector
III. Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 15. Housing
I. Background
II. Recent Policies
III. Recommendations
Bibliography
NATURAL RESOURCES
Chapter 16. Natural Resources and Development
I. Background
II. Biological Diversity
III. Conserving Biodiversity through Natural Protected Areas
IV. Forestry
V. Soil Degradation
Bibliography
Chapter 17. Oil and Gas Sector
I. Background
II. Upstream Investments and Oil Production
III. Refining and Distribution of Petroleum Products
IV. The Gas Industry
V. Environmental and Social Impacts
VI. Overall Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 18. Water Resources
I. Overview
II. Water Resources Challenges and Possible Solutions
III. Recommendations
Chapter 19. Increasing the Benefits from the Fisheries Sector through Policy Reform
I. Introduction
II. Background
III. Specific Problems
IV. The Future
V. Policy Recommendations
Annex
References
Chapter 20. Mining: The Challenge of Sustainability
I. The Importance of Mining
II. Challenges and Potential Impediments to Growth
III. Mining Environmental Legacies
Bibliography
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
Chapter 21. Setting Environmental Priorities in Peru
I. Background
II. Setting Priorities from the Cost of Environmental Degradation
III. Tackling Environmental Priorities
IV. Institutional Analysis
V. Policy Options
Bibliography
Chapter 22. Environmental Degradation and Environmental Health Policy in Peru
I. Introduction
II. Diagnosis of Factors and Recommendations
III. Conclusions and Recommendations
Bibliography
Part III A New Social Contract
GENERAL WELLBEING
Chapter 23. Poverty, Inequality, and Inclusion
I. Poverty and Inequality Update and Trends, 2001–04
II. Poverty Profile
III. Poverty Dynamics
IV. Policy Recommendations
Bibliography
Annex I. Statistical Tables
Annex II. Measuring the Size and Living Standards of the Indigenous Population
Chapter 24. Property Rights and Land Tenancy
I. Property Rights and Land Ownership: Contribution to Economic and Social Development
II. Background
III. Current Property Rights and Land Tenancy Problems
IV. Conclusions and Recommendations
Bibliography
Annex 1. Urban Property Rights Project
Annex 2. Organization Chart of National and Local Institutions associated with Property Rights in Peru
Annex 3. Institutions that Handle Information on Property Rights in Peru
Chapter 25. Youth
I. Introduction
II. The Situation of Youth
III. Conclusions
Bibliography
Annex
SOCIAL SECTORS
Chapter 26. The Power of Growth to Build a Prosperous Society
I. The Current Situation
II. The Role of Spending
III. Two Special Problems: Desertion and Bilingual Education
IV. Many Peruvians Know What to Do, But the System Still Doesn’t
V. Decentralization’s Challenges and Opportunities
VI. Policy Recommendations
VII. Short-Term Priorities
VIII. Summary of Priorities
Bibliography
Chapter 27. Tertiary Education
I. Introduction
II. Expansion and Diversification
III. Financing of Tertiary Education
IV. Equitable Access to Tertiary Education
V. Quality and Relevance
VI. Efficiency
VII. Linkages and Articulation
VIII. University Research
IX. Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 28. Health Outcomes and Public Health Sector Performance
I. Introduction
II. Background and Context
III. Innovations and Challenges in the Management and Financing of Health Care
IV. Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 29. The Social Safety Net
I. Sector Background: The Social Safety Net Sector
II. Key Issues in the Social Safety Net Sector
III. Future Prospects: Constraints and Opportunities in Reforming the SSN Sector
IV. Policy Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 30. Human Resources in Public Health and Education in Peru
I. Low-Level Equilibrium
II. Antipoor Bias
III. Conclusions and Policy Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 31. The Pension System
I. Background, Context, Diagnosis
II. The Future
III. Policies
Bibliography
Part IV A State to Be Proud of
MODERNIZATION OF THE STATE
Chapter 32. Decentralization
I. Background
II. Challenges
III. Policy Options
Bibliography
Chapter 33. E-Government
I. Trends and the Current Situation
II. Peru in the International Context
III. The Risks of Nonimplementation
IV. Policy Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 34. Justice
I. Introduction
II. Composition of the Justice Sector
III. Barriers in Access to Justice: Diagnostics and Issues for the Sector
IV. Policy Recommendations
Bibliography
ACCESS TO WELLBEING
Chapter 35. Crime and Violence
I. Diagnostic
II. Players and Policies
III. Policy Recommendations
Bibliography
Chapter 36. Voice and Participation
I. Introduction
II. Communications Channels and Participation
III. Functionality of Voice Mechanisms
IV. A Look Towards the Future: Trends and Recommendations
Bibliography