This book tries to debate on the significance of circular economy, underlying the necessity to change our way of producing, consuming, and traveling on a daily basis. The passage from a linear economy to a circular economy will help us to reduce the degradation of the environment for avoiding future disastrous consequences, such as depletion of biodiversity, scarcity of raw materials and drinking water, rising waters, etc. The circular economy, therefore, involves designing a product so that it can be recycled or its components reused. Reuse consists of introducing the product back into the economic circuit in its original condition; repair makes it possible to fix a broken good; and recovery consists of reusing its components. This is the significance of the so-called 3R strategy, illustrated in this book.
Author(s): Maria-Beatrice Coltelli, Pierfrancesco Morganti
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 463
City: New York
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Part I. Introduction
Chapter 1
Life Expectancy in the World and Relative Variables
Abstract
Introduction
List of the Countries
The Variables
Results
Discussion
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 2
Circular and Green Economy: Which Is the Difference?
Abstract
Introduction
Linear and Circular Economy
Food and Plastic Waste
Circular and Green Economy
Pollution and GHG Emissions
Circular Economy and Innovation
Waste Recycling and Research
Conclusion
References
Part II. Building Blocks of Circular Economy
Chapter 3
Past, Present and Future of Industrial Symbiosis
Abstract
Introduction
Past of Industrial Symbiosis
Principle of Industrial Symbiosis
Kalundborg‘s Case
Eco-Industrial Parks and the Role of IS
Main Challenges with IS
Present of Industrial Symbiosis
Projects and Implementations of IS and EIPs in the World
Improvement Strategies for IS
Future of Industrial Symbiosis
Potentials of IS
New Developments
Conclusions
References
Chapter 4
Development of Indicators of Circular Economy and Their Application in Water Management
Abstract
Introduction to Circular Economy
The Need for Water Management within the Circular Economy Paradigm
State of the Art About Indicators of Circular Economy Regarding Water Management
Evolution of Scientific Production
Distribution of Publications per Subject Category
Evolution of Indicators of Circular Economy
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Author’s Productivity, Collaborations and Countries
Keyword Analysis
Proposal for Indicators of Circular Economy in Wastewater Treatment
Introduction
Indicators of Circular Economy for the Liquid Phase
Indicators of Circular Economy for the Solid Phase
Indicators of Circular Economy for the Gas Phase
Application in Paper and Pig Industries
References
Reference List for the Tables
Chapter 5
The Present Contribution of Circular Economy to Stimulate Economic Growth in the World
Abstract
Introduction
The Possible Basis for the Circular Economy
Present Situation
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6
Circular Economy for a Healthy Living Environment
Abstract
Introduction
Polysaccharides
Chitin, Chitosan and Chitin Nanofibrils
Skin Structure and Skin Scaffold
Food Waste and Packaging
Conclusion
References
Chapter 7
Circular Economy in China
Abstract
Introduction
The Status Quo of Circular Economy in China
Air Pollution in China
Plastics Waste and COVID-19 Pandemic
Prospect of Circular Economy in China
Evolution of Scientific Production
Acknowledgments
References
Part III. Waste in Circular Economy
Chapter 8
Circular Economy in the European Union as an Example of Wasteless Processing of Crustacean’s Waste
Abstract
Introduction
Chitosan and Chitin Nanofibrils in Food Packaging
Disposable Packaging Films from Chitosan and Chitin Nanofibrils
Chitosan in Wound Dressing
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9
Circular Economy: Valorization of Waste Plant Biomass to Produce Active Ingredients with Antimicrobial Activity against Human and Plant Pathogens
Abstract
Introduction
Plant Biomass from Agro-Industrial Waste: Byproducts of Vine-Wine Production Chain
Plant Biomass from Pomace
Plant Biomass from Grape Seeds
Plant Biomass from Unripe Grapes
Plant Biomass from Agro-Industrial Waste: Byproducts of the Olive-Oil Extraction Industry
Antimicrobial Activity against Human Pathogens
Antimicrobial Activity against Plant Pathogens
Valorization of Fruit By-Products as a Source of Bioactive Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity
Wastes from Apple Processing
Red Beet By-Products
By-Products of the Pomegrate Processing Industry
Citrus By-Products
References
Chapter 10
The Circular Economy and Built Environment. Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Adaptive Reuse: Challenging Strategies for Closing Loops
Abstract
Introduction
Building Renovation as a Driving Force in the Construction Market
The Conceptual Framework: The Circular Economy and the Built Environment, a Commitment to Save the Planet
Maintenance, Rehabilitation and Adaptive Reuse: Design Actions Aimed at Supporting the Transition towards a Circular Economy
Best Practices Screening: Towards Circular Transitions for Built Environments
Textiles Pigüé Cooperative
Rimaflow
OfficineZero
Bonotto Fabbrica Lenta
Borgo Solomeo
COM.I.STRA
Sugarhouse Studios
Milan for Social
Folly for a Flyover
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11
Waste Valuation for Environmental and Health Improvement on Circular Economy View
Abstract
Introduction
Water Reuse, Eco-Building, and Responsible Consumption and Production
Alternative Energy Generation (Biofuels) and Enzyme Production
Enzymatic Technology
Sanitation and Security Aspects
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12
Waste Recycling from Construction Sector within the Circular Economy Paradigm
Abstract
Introduction
End of Linear Economy
Origin of Circular Economy
The Revolution of Circular Economy
Background
Definition
A Shift to a New Business Model
Circular Economy Principles
Design out Waste
Building Resilience through Diversity
A Shift to Renewable Energy Resources
Think in Systems
Waste is Food
Loops in the Economy
Circular Economy and Construction Sector
Introduction
European Union Plays a Key Role
The Paradigm of Circular Economy Related to Construction
Application of Circular Economy in the Construction Sector
Sewage Sludge
Deconstruction
Materials Passports
3D Printing
BIM-Building Information Modeling
Case Study: Clay Bricks Production
Explanation of the Clay Brick Production Process
Strip Mining
Storage
Preparation of Clay
Grinding of Clay
Sieving
Mixture and Moisture
Extrusion
Drying
Firing
Problem Analysis and Potential Solutions
CO2 Emission
Use of Coal
Waste Generated by Coal Mining
Renewable Energies
Conclusion
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 13
Circular Economy of Wastewater Streams by Means of Membrane Technologies
Abstract
Introduction
Circular Economy by Valorization of Streams
Circular Economy by Reuse of After-Life Membrane Modules
Circular Economy by Membrane Engineering
Conclusions
References
Part IV. Reuse, Reduce, Recycle in Circular Economy
Chapter 14
Sustainable Food Production: The Transition towards a Circular Economy of Plastic Food Packaging
Abstract
Introduction
State of the Question of Plastic Food Packaging
Disposable and Recyclable Plastic Containers
Primary Recycling of Plastic Food Containers
The Process of Mechanical and Chemical Recycling of Plastic Food Containers
Circular Economy and Plastic Food Packaging
Stakeholders and Transition to the Circular Economy
Producers of Plastic Packaging
Plastic Producers
Food Producers
Retailers
Consumers
Waste Managers
Drivers to a CE and Sociological Institutional Theory
Barriers to a CE
Measurement of the Transition to the Circular Economy: Frameworks and Indicators
Cradle-to-Cradle Design Frame
Life Cycle Assessment Framework
Material Circularity Indicator Framework
Quantitative Indicators
Qualitative Indicators
Conclusions
References
Chapter 15
Bioconverter Insects: A Good Example of Circular Economy, the Study Case of Hermetia illucens
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. From Agrifood by-Products to Novel Feed and Food: A Process Mediated by Bioconverter Insects
2.1. Bioconverter Insects
2.2. Regulations
3. The Dipteran Hermetia Illucens Embraces the Concept of Circular Economy
3.1. Hermetia Illucens’ Etology
3.2. Bioconversion Mediated by Hermetia Illucens
3.3. Hermetia Illucens, a Sustainable Source of Molecules of High Economic and Biological Value: Proteins, Lipids and Chitin
3.3.1. Why Insect Proteins? Hermetia Illucens, One of the Most Source
3.3.2. Characterization and Applications of Insect Lipids: Hermetia Illucens as an Interesting Source
3.3.3. Insects, an Innovative Source of Chitin, and Hermetia Illucens as One of the Most Promising Sources
Conclusion
Conflict of Interest
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 16
Chitin and Lignin Waste in the Circular Economy
Abstract
Introduction
Chitin Nanofibrils (CN)
Lignin
Circular Economy and Food Waste
Conclusion
References
Chapter 17
The Use of Coffee Waste to Produce Goods and Energy
Abstract
Introduction
Coffee Ingredients and Waste
Coffee in Italy
The Coffee Waste Problem in Italy
Company Program
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18
Natural Metabolites as Functional Additive of Biopolymers: Experimental Evidence and Industrial Constraint
Abstract
Introduction
Synthetic Polymers
Biopolymers
Additive and Biopolymers in Food Packaging
Poly (Lactic Acid) (PLA)
Poly Butylene Succinate (PBS)
Chitosan
Mater-Bi
Bioactive Natural Metabolites in Biopolymers as Bakery Bioactive Food Packaging Materials
Ungeremine
Cavoxin
α-Costic Acid
Industrial Constraint
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 19
Regenerated Cellulose Sheet as Natural Tissue to Make Biodegradable Baby Diapers
Abstract
Introduction
Biodegradable Baby Diapers
Regenerated Cellulose Fibers
End of Life of Used Baby Diapers
Conclusion
Conflicts of Interest
References
Chapter 20
Waste Recycling for Wound Care and Cosmetic Smart Economics: Chitin and Lignin
Abstract
Introduction
Waste Problem and Recycling
Natural Products, Bio Carriers and Consumer Requests
Scaffold Activity and Functions in Regenerative Medicine
Polysaccharide Nanocomposites
Skin Barrier and Aging
Conclusion
References
Chapter 21
Biobased and Biodegradable Rigid and Flexible Polymeric Packaging
Abstract
Introduction
Materials Correlation with the Environment: Definitions
Biopolymers and Bioplastics
Bioplastic Blends
Biocomposites
Innovation in Biobased Materials for Flexible and Rigid Packaging
Conclusion
References
Chapter 22
Reuse and Recycling of Post-Consumer Textile Waste in Smart Green Cities
Abstract
Introduction
About Our Research
The Post-Consumer Textile Waste Recycling in Green City
Classification of Post-Consumer Textile Waste
Prospects of Post-Consumer Textile Waste Recycling
The Post-Consumer Textile Recycling Projects in Smart Green Cities
Post-Consumer Textile Recycling in Fashion
Marketing in Post-Consumer Textile Recycling
Conclusion
References
Chapter 23
Circular Economy in the Fashion Sector and Textile Goods
Abstract
Why Circular Economy For Fashion
Go to a Circular Textile System
Textile Fibers and Circular Economy
Polyester
Cotton
Polyamide
Wool
Other Fibers
Other Initiatives
Circular Economy and Fashion Actions
Risks for the Consumer
What We Need to Do
Production Monitoring
Conclusion
References
Chapter 24
Circular Economy in the Built Environment: A Strategy for Flexible Housing through Flexzhouse
Abstract
Introduction
The Flexzhouse Business Model Components
Value Propositions
Target Customer
Customer Relationship
Revenue Streams
Key Resources
Cost Structure
Partnership
Channels
Key Activities
The Conceptual Model of Flexzhouse
A Way Forward
Conclusion
References
About the Editors
List of Contributors
Index
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