This textbook, originally published in 1970, presents the field of population genetics, starting with elementary concepts and leading the reader well into the field. It is concerned mainly with population genetics in a strict sense and deals primarily with natural populations and less fully with the rather similar problems that arise in breading livestock and cultivated plans. The emphasis is on the behavior of genes and population attributes under natural selection where the most important measure is Darwinian fitness. This text is intended for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in genetics and population biology This book steers a middle course between completely verbal biological arguments and the rigor of the mathematician. The first two-thirds of the book do not require advanced mathematical background. An ordinary knowledge of calculus will suffice. The latter parts of the book, which deal with population stochastically, use more advanced methods. Chapter Titles: 1. Models of population growth. 2. Randomly mating populations. 3. Inbreeding. 4. Correlation between relatives and assertive mating 5. Selection. 6. Populations in approximate equilibrium. 7. Properties of a finite population. 8. Stochastic processes in the change of gene frequencies. 9. Distribution of gene frequencies in populations. Appendix. Some statistical and mathematical methods frequently used in population genetics. Bibliography. Glossary. Index.
Author(s): James F. Crow, Motoo Kimura
Year: 2009
Language: English
Pages: 608
cover......Page cover001.djvu
title......Page img002.djvu
copyright......Page img005.djvu
contents......Page img007.djvu
preface 2009......Page img012.djvu
preface......Page img013.djvu
introduction......Page img017.djvu
1 MODELS OF POPULATION GROWTH......Page img019.djvu
1.1 Model 1: Discrete, IMonoverlapping Generations ......Page img021.djvu
1.2 Model 2: Continuous Random Births and Deaths ......Page img023.djvu
1.3 Model 3: Overlapping Generations,Discrete Time Intervals ......Page img027.djvu
1.4 Model 4: Overlapping Generations, Continuous Change ......Page img033.djvu
1.5 Fisher's Measure of Reproductive Value ......Page img036.djvu
1.6 Regulation of Population Number ......Page img038.djvu
1.7 Problems ......Page img046.djvu
2 RANDOMLY MATING POPULATIONS......Page img047.djvu
2.1 Gene Frequency and Genotype Frequency ......Page img048.djvu
2.2 The Hardy-Weinberg Principle ......Page img050.djvu
2.3 Multiple Alleles ......Page img056.djvu
2.4 X-linked Loci ......Page img057.djvu
2.5 Different Initial Gene Frequencies in the Two Sexes ......Page img060.djvu
2.6 Two Loci ......Page img063.djvu
2.7 More Than Two Loci ......Page img066.djvu
2.8 Polyploidy ......Page img068.djvu
2.9 Subdivision of a Population: Wahlund's Principle ......Page img070.djvu
2.10 Random-mating Proportions in a Finite Population ......Page img071.djvu
2.11 Problems ......Page img072.djvu
3 INBREEDING......Page img077.djvu
3.1 Decrease in Heterozygosity with Inbreeding ......Page img078.djvu
3.2 Wright's Inbreeding Coefficient, f ......Page img080.djvu
3.3 Coefficients of Consanguinity and Relationship ......Page img084.djvu
3.4 Computation of f from Pedigrees ......Page img085.djvu
3.5 Phenotypic Effects of Consanguineous Matings ......Page img089.djvu
3.6 The Effect of Inbreeding on Quantitative Characters ......Page img093.djvu
3.7 Some Examples of Inbreeding Effects ......Page img097.djvu
3.8 Regular Systems of Inbreeding ......Page img101.djvu
3.9 Inbreeding with Two Loci ......Page img111.djvu
3.10 Effect of Inbreeding on the Variance ......Page img115.djvu
3.11 The Inbreeding Effect of a Finite Population ......Page img117.djvu
3.12 Hierarchical Structure of Populations ......Page img120.djvu
3.13 Effective Population Number ......Page img125.djvu
3.14 Problems ......Page img127.djvu
4 CORRELATION BETWEEN RELATIVES AND ASSORTATIVE MATING......Page img131.djvu
4.1 Genetic Variance with Dominance and Epistasis, and with Random Mating ......Page img132.djvu
4.2 Variance Components with Dominance and Inbreeding ......Page img146.djvu
4.3 Identity Relations Between Relatives ......Page img148.djvu
4.4 Correlation Between Relatives ......Page img152.djvu
4.5 Comparison of Consanguineous and Assortative Mating ......Page img157.djvu
4.6 Assortative Mating for a Single Locus ......Page img159.djvu
4.7 Assortative Mating for a Simple Multifactorial Trait ......Page img164.djvu
4.8 Multiple Alleles, Unequal Gene Effects, and Unequal Gene Frequencies ......Page img169.djvu
4.9 Effect of Dominance and Environment ......Page img172.djvu
4.10 Effect of Assortative Mating on theCorrelation Between Relatives ......Page img174.djvu
4.11 Other Models of Assortative Mating ......Page img177.djvu
4.12 Disassortative-mating and Self-sterility Systems ......Page img182.djvu
4.13 Problems ......Page img187.djvu
5 SELECTION......Page img189.djvu
5.1 Discrete Generations: Complete Selection ......Page img191.djvu
5.2 Discrete Generations: Partial Selection ......Page img194.djvu
5.3 Continuous Model with Overlapping Generations ......Page img206.djvu
5.4 The Effects of Linkage and Epistasis ......Page img211.djvu
5.5 Fisher's Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection: Single Locus with Random Mating ......Page img221.djvu
5.6 The Fundamental Theorem: Nonrandom Mating and Variable Fitnesses ......Page img226.djvu
5.7 The Fundamental Theorem: Effects of Linkage and Epistasis ......Page img233.djvu
5.8 Thresholds and Truncation Selection for a Quantitative Trait ......Page img241.djvu
5.9 A Maximum Principle for Natural Selection ......Page img246.djvu
5.10 The Change of Variance with Selection ......Page img252.djvu
5.11 Selection Between and Within Groups ......Page img255.djvu
5.12 Haldane's Cost of Natural Selection ......Page img260.djvu
5.13 Problems ......Page img269.djvu
6 POPULATIONS IN APPROXIMATE EQUILIBRIUM......Page img271.djvu
6.1 Factors Maintaining Gene Frequency Equilibria ......Page img272.djvu
6.2 Equilibrium Between Selection and Mutation ......Page img274.djvu
6.3 Equilibrium Under Mutation Pressure ......Page img278.djvu
6.4 Mutation and Selection with Multiple Alleles ......Page img280.djvu
6.5 Selection and Migration ......Page img283.djvu
6.6 Equilibrium Between Migration and Random Drift ......Page img284.djvu
6.7 Equilibrium Under Selection:Single Locus with Two Alleles ......Page img286.djvu
6.8 Selective Equilibrium with Multiple Alleles ......Page img288.djvu
6.9 Some Other Equilibria Maintained by Balanced Selective Forces ......Page img294.djvu
6.10 Selection and the Sex Ratio ......Page img304.djvu
6.11 Stabilizing Selection ......Page img309.djvu
6.12.1 Kinds of Genetic Loads and Definitions ......Page img313.djvu
6.12.2 The Mutation Load ......Page img315.djvu
6.12.3 The Segregation Load ......Page img319.djvu
6.12.4 The Incompatibility Load ......Page img324.djvu
6.12.5 The Load Due to Meiotic Drive ......Page img327.djvu
6.13 Evolutionary Advantages of Mendelian Inheritance ......Page img329.djvu
6.14 Problems ......Page img333.djvu
7 PROPERTIES OF A FINITE POPULATION......Page img335.djvu
7.1 Increase of Homozygosity Due to Random Gene Frequency Drift ......Page img336.djvu
7.2 Amount of Heterozygosity and Effective Number of Neutral Alleles in a Finite Population ......Page img338.djvu
7.3 Change of Mean and Variance in Gene Frequency Due to Random Drift ......Page img343.djvu
7.4 Change of Gene Frequency Moments with Random Drift ......Page img347.djvu
7.5 The Variance of a Quantitative Character Within and Between Subdivided Populations ......Page img355.djvu
7.6.2 Inbreeding Effective Number ......Page img361.djvu
7.6.3 Variance Effective Number ......Page img368.djvu
7.6.4 Comparison of the Two Effective Numbers ......Page img377.djvu
7.6.5 An A Priori Approach to Predicting Effective Number in Selection Programs ......Page img380.djvu
7.7 Problems ......Page img381.djvu
8 STOCHASTIC PROCESSES IN THE CHANGE OF GENE FREQUENCIES......Page img383.djvu
8.1 The Rate of Evolution by Mutation and Random Drift ......Page img384.djvu
8.3 The Diffusion Equation Method ......Page img387.djvu
8.4 The Process of Random Genetic Drift Due to Random Sampling of Gametes ......Page img398.djvu
8.5 Change of Gene Frequency Under Linear Pressure and Random Sampling of Gametes ......Page img405.djvu
8.6.1 Genic Selection ......Page img412.djvu
8.6.2 Case of Complete Dominance ......Page img417.djvu
8.6.3 Arbitrary Degree of Dominance ......Page img424.djvu
8.6.4 Overdominant Case ......Page img425.djvu
8.7 Change of Gene Frequency Due to Random Fluctuation of Selection Intensities ......Page img430.djvu
8.8.1 Introductory Remarks ......Page img434.djvu
8.8.2 Discrete Treatment Based on the Branching-process Method ......Page img435.djvu
8.8.3 Continuous Treatment Based on the Kolmogorov Backward Equation ......Page img439.djvu
8.9 The Average Number of Generations Until Fixation of a Mutant Gene in a Finite Population ......Page img446.djvu
9 DISTRIBUTION OF GENE FREQUENCIES IN POPULATIONS......Page img449.djvu
9.1 Wright's Formula for the Gene Frequency Distribution ......Page img450.djvu
9.2 Distribution of Gene Frequencies Among Subgroups Under Linear Pressure ......Page img452.djvu
9.3 Distribution of Gene Frequencies Under Selection and Reversible Mutation ......Page img458.djvu
9.4 Distribution of Lethal Genes ......Page img461.djvu
9.5 Effect of Random Fluctuation in Selection Intensity on the Distribution of Gene Frequencies ......Page img466.djvu
9.6 Number of Neutral Alleles Maintained in a Finite Population ......Page img469.djvu
9.7 The Number of Overdominant Alleles in a Finite Population ......Page img473.djvu
9.8 The Number of Heterozygous Nucleotide Sites Per Individual Maintained in a Finite Population by Mutation ......Page img482.djvu
9.9 Decrease of Genetic Correlation with Distance in the Stepping-stone Model of Population Structure ......Page img485.djvu
APPENDIX SOME MATHEMATICAL METHODS FREQUENTLY USED IN POPULATION GENETICS......Page img495.djvu
A.1 Various Kinds of Averages ......Page img496.djvu
A.2 Measures of Variability: The Variance and Standard Deviation ......Page img498.djvu
A.3 Population Values and Sample Values ......Page img501.djvu
A.4 Correlation and Regression ......Page img502.djvu
A.5 Binomial, Poisson, and Normal Distributions ......Page img507.djvu
1. Significance Tests for Enumeration Data: The Chi-square Test ......Page img509.djvu
2. Confidence Limits for Enumeration Data ......Page img512.djvu
3. Significance Tests for Measurement Data ......Page img514.djvu
5. Confidence Limits for the Mean with Measurement Data ......Page img515.djvu
A.7 Matrices and Determinants ......Page img516.djvu
A.8 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors ......Page img521.djvu
A.9 The Method of Maximum Likelihood ......Page img525.djvu
A.10 Lagrange Multipliers ......Page img531.djvu
BIBLIOGRAPHY ......Page img533.djvu
GLOSSARY AND INDEX OF SYMBOLS......Page img593.djvu
INDEX OF NAMES......Page img599.djvu
INDEX OF SUBJECTS......Page img603.djvu
back cover......Page cover002.djvu
