An Introduction to Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis

This document was uploaded by one of our users. The uploader already confirmed that they had the permission to publish it. If you are author/publisher or own the copyright of this documents, please report to us by using this DMCA report form.

Simply click on the Download Book button.

Yes, Book downloads on Ebookily are 100% Free.

Sometimes the book is free on Amazon As well, so go ahead and hit "Search on Amazon"

Author(s): J. N. Reddy
Year: 2004

Language: English
Pages: 488
Tags: Математика;Вычислительная математика;Метод конечных элементов;

Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 18
1.1 Mathematical Models......Page 20
1.2 Numerical Simulations......Page 22
1.3 The Finite Element Method......Page 24
1.4.2 Classification of Nonlinearities......Page 26
1.5 The Big Picture......Page 30
References......Page 31
2.2.1 Governing Differential Equation......Page 32
2.2.2 Finite Element Approximation......Page 33
2.2.3 Derivation of the Weak Form......Page 35
2.2.4 Interpolation Functions......Page 37
2.2.5 Finite Element Model......Page 41
2.3.2 Finite Element Approximation......Page 43
2.3.3 Weak Formulation......Page 45
2.3.4 Finite Element Model......Page 47
2.3.5 Interpolation Functions......Page 48
2.3.6 Assembly of Elements......Page 52
2.4.1 Introduction......Page 55
2.4.2 Triangular Elements......Page 56
2.4.3 Rectangular Elements......Page 57
2.5.1 Preliminary Comments......Page 59
2.5.2 Coordinate Transformations......Page 60
2.5.3 Integration Over a Master Rectangular Element......Page 63
2.5.4 Integration Over a Master Triangular Element......Page 64
2.6.1 General Comments......Page 65
2.6.2 One-Dimensional Problems......Page 67
2.6.3 Two-Dimensional Problems......Page 71
2.7 Closure......Page 72
Problems......Page 76
References......Page 78
3.1 Model Differential Equation......Page 80
3.3 Finite Element Model......Page 81
3.4.1 General Comments......Page 83
3.4.2 Direct Iteration Procedure......Page 84
3.4.3 Newton's Iteration Procedure......Page 87
3.5.2 Preprocessor Unit......Page 92
3.5.3 Processor Unit......Page 95
Problems......Page 101
References......Page 104
4.1 Introduction......Page 106
4.2.2 Displacement Field and Strains......Page 107
4.2.3 Weak Forms......Page 108
4.2.4 Finite Element Model......Page 114
4.2.5 Iterative Solutions of Nonlinear Equations......Page 116
4.2.6 Load Increments......Page 119
4.2.7 Membrane Locking......Page 120
4.2.8 Computer Implementation......Page 121
4.3.1 Displacement Field and Strains......Page 129
4.3.2 Weak Forms......Page 130
4.3.3 General Finite Element Model......Page 132
4.3.4 Shear and Membrane Locking......Page 134
4.3.5 Tangent Stiffness Matrix......Page 136
Problems......Page 143
References......Page 145
5.1 Model Equation......Page 146
5.2 Weak Form......Page 147
5.3 Finite Element Model......Page 148
5.4.2 Newton–Raphson Iteration......Page 150
5.5.1 Introduction......Page 151
5.5.2 Numerical Integration......Page 152
5.5.3 Element Calculations......Page 154
Problems......Page 158
References......Page 159
6.2.1 Assumptions of the Kinematics......Page 160
6.2.2 Displacement Field and Strains......Page 161
6.3.1 Virtual Work......Page 163
6.3.2 Weak Forms......Page 166
6.3.3 Equilibrium Equations......Page 167
6.3.4 Boundary Conditions......Page 168
6.3.5 Stress Resultant–Deflection Relations......Page 171
6.4.1 General Formulation......Page 172
6.4.2 Tangent Stiffness Coefficients......Page 176
6.4.3 Some Plate Finite Elements......Page 180
6.5.1 Computer Implementation......Page 183
6.5.2 Results of Linear Analysis......Page 185
6.5.3 Results of Nonlinear Analysis......Page 187
6.6.2 Displacement Field......Page 192
6.6.3 Weak Formulation......Page 193
6.7.1 Virtual Work Statements......Page 196
6.7.2 Finite Element Model......Page 197
6.7.3 Tangent Stiffness Coefficients......Page 201
6.8.1 Computer Implementation......Page 203
6.8.2 Results of Linear Analysis......Page 204
6.8.3 Results of Nonlinear Analysis......Page 208
6.9.1 Introduction......Page 215
6.9.2 Geometric Description......Page 216
6.9.3 Strain–Displacement Relations......Page 220
6.9.4 Stress Resultants......Page 221
6.9.5 Equations of Motion......Page 224
6.10.1 Weak Forms......Page 225
6.10.2 Finite Element Model......Page 226
6.10.3 Linear Results......Page 228
6.10.4 Nonlinear Results......Page 236
Problems......Page 241
References......Page 244
7.1 Introduction......Page 248
7.2.1 Introduction......Page 249
7.2.2 Conservation of Mass......Page 250
7.2.4 Conservation of Energy......Page 251
7.2.5 Constitutive Equations......Page 252
7.2.6 Boundary Conditions......Page 253
7.3.1 Vector Form......Page 254
7.3.2 Cartesian Component Form......Page 255
7.4.1 Weak Form......Page 256
7.4.2 Finite Element Model......Page 258
7.5.1 Introduction......Page 260
7.5.2 Penalty Function Method......Page 261
7.5.3 Reduced Integration Penalty Model......Page 263
7.5.4 Consistent Penalty Model......Page 264
7.6.1 Properties of the Matrix Equations......Page 265
7.6.2 Choice of Elements......Page 266
7.6.3 Evaluation of Element Matrices in Penalty Models......Page 268
7.6.4 Post-Computation of Stresses......Page 269
7.7.1 Mixed Model......Page 270
7.8.1 Preliminary Comments......Page 273
7.8.2 Fluid Squeezed Between Parallel Plates......Page 274
7.8.3 Flow of a Viscous Lubricant in a Slider Bearing......Page 277
7.8.4 Wall-Driven Cavity Flow......Page 280
7.8.5 Backward-Facing Step......Page 286
7.9.1 Introduction......Page 288
7.9.2 Finite Element Model......Page 291
7.9.3 Computational Aspects......Page 293
7.9.4 Numerical Examples......Page 294
References......Page 302
8.1 Introduction......Page 306
8.2.1 Introduction......Page 307
8.2.2 Parabolic Equations......Page 308
8.2.3 Hyperbolic Equations......Page 311
8.3.1 Preliminary Comments......Page 314
8.3.2 Stability Criteria......Page 315
8.4.2 Heat Transfer......Page 316
8.4.3 Flows of Viscous Incompressible Fluids......Page 317
8.4.4 Plate Bending (FSDT)......Page 319
8.5 Computer Implementation......Page 323
8.6.1 Linear Problems......Page 326
8.6.2 Nonlinear Problems......Page 333
Problems......Page 342
References......Page 344
9.1.1 Background......Page 346
9.1.2 Descriptions of Motion......Page 347
9.2.1 Deformation Gradient Tensor......Page 348
9.2.2 Green and Almansi Strain Tensors......Page 350
9.2.4 Stress Tensors......Page 353
9.2.5 Energetically–Conjugate Stresses and Strains......Page 354
9.3.1 Notation......Page 356
9.3.2 Conservation of Mass......Page 358
9.3.3 Green Strain Tensors for Various Configurations......Page 359
9.3.4 Euler Strain Tensor......Page 361
9.3.5 Relationships Between Various Stress Tensors......Page 362
9.4 Constitutive Equations......Page 365
9.5.1 Principle of Virtual Displacements......Page 366
9.5.2 Total Lagrangian Formulation......Page 367
9.5.3 Updated Lagrangian Formulation......Page 369
9.6.2 Total Lagrangian Formulation......Page 372
9.6.3 Updated Lagrangian Formulation......Page 379
9.6.5 Numerical Results......Page 380
9.7.2 Incremental Equations of Motion......Page 388
9.7.3 Finite Element Models of a Continuum......Page 389
9.7.4 Shell Finite Element......Page 391
9.7.5 Numerical Examples......Page 397
Problems......Page 400
References......Page 406
10.1 Introduction......Page 408
10.2 Nonlinear Elastic Problems......Page 409
10.3.1 Introduction......Page 410
10.3.2 Ideal Plasticity......Page 411
10.3.3 Strain Hardening Plasticity......Page 412
10.3.4 Elastic–Plastic Analysis of a Bar......Page 414
10.4.1 Introduction......Page 423
10.4.2 Governing Equations in Cylindrical Coordinates......Page 424
10.4.3 Power-Law Fluids......Page 426
10.4.4 White–Metzner Fluids......Page 428
10.4.5 Numerical Examples......Page 431
10.5.1 Finite Element Models......Page 436
10.5.2 Numerical Examples......Page 438
References......Page 442
A1.1 Introduction......Page 444
A1.2.1 Preliminary Comments......Page 446
A1.2.2 Symmetric Solver......Page 447
A1.3.1 General Comments......Page 449
A1.3.2 Solution Algorithms......Page 451
References......Page 452
A2.1 Introduction......Page 458
A2.2 Picard Iteration Method......Page 459
A2.3 Newton–Raphson Iteration Method......Page 463
A2.4 Riks and Modified Riks Schemes......Page 467
References......Page 476
C......Page 478
G......Page 479
N......Page 480
S......Page 481
Y......Page 482