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Alternative and Complementary Therapies for Cancer: Integrative Approaches and Discovery of Conventional Drugs

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Cancer is a common disease with a devastating impact on the physical and psychological well being of patients. The diagnosis of cancer brings upon many clinical challenges and questions for which clear and simple answers are not always provided by modern medicine. To date, only limited therapeutic options are available for patients with advanced cancer. The recent shift toward targeted therapies has improved substantially patient’s survival, however, relapses are frequent and cure remains rare. This led patients and many health care managers to shift attention to the holistic approach of traditional medicine particularly preparations from herbal products to manage and alleviate the disease.

Typically, herbal preparations contain single or multiple plant ingredients, including a number of potential active components. Yet, they remain classified as food supplements and thus are exempt from regulations on quality control and proof of efficacy that govern standard pharmaceuticals. Clinical evidence for many preparations is often based on non-documented or anecdotal evidence. In consequence, several preparations with unproven efficacy are circulating in the market with the fear of interference with standard cancer therapies and/or severe toxicity that some can generate, in addition to the unjustified economical burden to patients. Despite inconsistent and conflicting clinical results single molecules have been isolated from herbal preparations and many are exploited to develop potential novel agents.

This has fostered the need to organize a set of timely, in-depth and up-to-date review covering the latest developments in alternative cancer management from a scientific and clinical perspective dedicated to the medical community and health care providers, as well as to patients and their families. This book brings the latest comprehensive cancer information and practical recommendations on the best documented practice of alternative therapies for cancer management put together by recognized experts in the fields of medical oncology, traditional medicine, and cancer pharmacology. It goes hand-in-hand with the patient’s medical treatment options, quality of life issues, and more. The book is organized into four major sections: The first is an overview of the cancer syndrome by renowned medical oncologists from the USA and Europe. The second is a comprehensive description of traditional medicine by renowned experts from China and Germany. The third is an overview on the pharmacological impact of herb-based formulations on standard chemotherapy agents used in clinical practice. The fourth is a survey of cases reports from several hospitals with approved practice of alternative medicine.

The book will feature simple definitions and essential information grouped in both medical and lay-term terminology, and straightforward illustrations related to human physiology, disease definition, scientific data on know and potential mechanisms of action, and preventive approaches.

Finally, the book will feature collaboration of experts from China, India, USA, Canada, Germany, France, and other centres with recognized expertise in alternative/traditional medicine. This international cooperation is crucial to cover the complex topic of alternative therapies for cancer.

Author(s): Moulay Alaoui-Jamali
Edition: 1st Edition.
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2010

Language: English
Pages: 717

Alternative and Complementary Therapies for Cancer: Integrative Approaches and Discovery of Conventional Drugs......Page 1
Alternative and Complementary Therapies for Cancer......Page 2
Title page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Acknowledgement......Page 12
Contents......Page 14
Contributors......Page 18
Part I: Introduction......Page 22
Overview of Efficacy and Limitation of Standard and Targeted Therapy for Malignant Disease Using Lung Cancer as a Case Study......Page 23
1.1 Introduction......Page 24
1.2 Paradigm of Modern Cancer Therapy......Page 25
1.3 Current Therapy for Lung Cancer......Page 27
1.4 Perspectives......Page 36
References......Page 38
Part II: Integrative Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Cancer Care......Page 42
Overview of Current TCM Practice and Potential Impacts on Conventional Therapies......Page 43
Part III: Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Cancer Care in India: Basic and Clinical Perspectives......Page 46
3.1 Introduction......Page 47
3.2 History of Cancer in C.A.M.-India......Page 49
3.2.1 Ayurveda: An Art-Science of Health......Page 51
3.2.4 Diseases Similar to Cancer-Description, Types, Prognosis, and Treatment Approaches......Page 52
3.3.1 Ashwagandha......Page 54
3.3.3 Experimental Studies......Page 56
3.3.4 Clinical and Ayurvedic Usage......Page 59
3.4.2 Phytochemistry......Page 60
3.4.3 Formulations......Page 61
3.4.4 Biological Activity......Page 62
3.5 Semecarpus anacardium Linn......Page 63
3.5.1 (Bhallatak)......Page 64
3.5.4 Biological Activity......Page 66
3.5.5 Clinical Studies......Page 69
3.5.7 Recommendations and Caution......Page 72
3.6 Curcuma longa Linn (Haridra)......Page 73
3.6.1 Phytoconstituents......Page 74
3.6.3 Biological Activity......Page 76
3.6.4 Toxicity......Page 77
3.6.5 Clinical Studies......Page 78
3.6.6 Illustrative Case Records......Page 79
3.8 CAM in Hemato-oncology......Page 83
References......Page 87
Part IV: Integrated TCM for Cancer Care in China: Principles, Recipes, and Case Studies for Selected Sites......Page 99
4.1 Introduction......Page 100
4.3 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment......Page 101
4.3.1 Liver Qi Stagnation......Page 102
4.3.2 Entwinement of Phlegm and Qi......Page 103
4.3.3 Obstruction of Phlegm and Blood Stasis......Page 104
4.3.4 Damage of Yin by Heat Toxin......Page 105
4.3.5 Spleen and Stomach Deficiency......Page 107
4.3.6 Kidney Yang Insufficiency......Page 108
4.4.1 Cancerous Pain......Page 109
4.4.2.1 Bai Xia Kai Dao Tang......Page 111
4.4.2.3 Kai Guan San......Page 112
4.5.2 Ling Xian Er Cao Tang......Page 113
4.5.4 Shun Qi Ruan Jian Tang......Page 114
4.5.5 Zeng Ye Hua Tan Wan......Page 115
4.5.7 Er Chen Xuan Fu Tang......Page 116
4.5.8 Hai Zao Mu Li Tang......Page 117
4.5.10 Simple Recipe......Page 118
5.1 Introduction......Page 119
5.3 Etiology and Pathogenesis......Page 120
5.3.1 Inadequate Diet......Page 121
5.4 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment......Page 122
5.4.1 Disharmony of the Liver and Stomach......Page 123
5.4.2 Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis......Page 124
5.4.3 Entwinement and Obstruction of Phlegm and Qi......Page 125
5.4.4 Spleen and Stomach Qi Deficiency......Page 126
5.4.5 Stomach Yin Deficiency......Page 127
5.4.6 Deficient-Type Cold in the Spleen and Stomach......Page 128
5.4.7 Dual Deficiency of Qi and Blood......Page 130
5.5.1 Sheng Xue Tang Plus and Minus......Page 131
5.5.3 Zhi Wei Ai Fang......Page 132
5.5.4 Liu Jun Yi Yi Ren Tang......Page 133
5.5.5 Modified Zhi Pu Liu Jun Zi Tang......Page 134
5.5.6 Yi Qi Fang Du Tang......Page 135
5.5.7 Tong You Tang......Page 136
5.5.8 Yi Qi Jian Pi Tang......Page 137
5.5.10 Ban Xia Xie Xin Tang Combined with Si Jun Zi Tang......Page 138
5.5.12 Fu Zheng Jian Du Fang......Page 139
5.5.13 Hua Liao Zeng Min Fang......Page 140
5.5.14 Sheng Xue Fang......Page 141
5.5.15 Fu Fang San Si He Ji......Page 142
5.6 The Role of Acupuncture Therapy in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer......Page 143
5.7 Prognosis of Stomach Cancer from a TCM Perspective......Page 144
5.8.1 Hemorrhage......Page 145
5.8.4 Dumping Syndrome......Page 146
6.1 Introduction......Page 148
6.3.1 Internal Accumulation of Dampness Heat......Page 149
6.3.2 Internal Binding of Blood Stasis and Toxin......Page 150
6.3.3 Spleen Deficiency and Dampness Obstruction......Page 151
6.3.4 Dual Deficiency of Qi and Blood......Page 152
6.3.5 Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency......Page 153
6.3.6 Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency......Page 154
6.4.1 Qing Chang Jie Du Tang......Page 155
6.4.2 Qing Chang Xiao Zhong Tang......Page 156
6.4.4 Chan Pi Wu Gong Jian......Page 157
6.4.5 Long Shu Weng Lian Tang......Page 158
6.4.7 Xin Jia Xie Xin Tang......Page 159
6.4.8 Qing Xue Ran Jian Tang......Page 160
6.4.10 Jia Wei Si Ni Tang (Augmented Frigid Extremities Decoction)......Page 161
6.4.11 Shen Ling Shu Jiang Tang......Page 162
6.5.2 Ascites......Page 163
6.5.3 Colon Obstruction by the Tumor Mass......Page 164
6.5.4 Colon Perforation......Page 165
7.1 Introduction......Page 166
7.2.1 QI Stagnation and Blood Stasis......Page 167
7.2.2 Blood Stasis......Page 168
7.2.4 Body Accumulation of Toxin-Heat......Page 169
7.2.6 Evil Factors and Healthy Energy in Cancer......Page 170
7.3 TCM-Based Diagnosis of Liver Cancer......Page 171
7.4 Concurrent Syndromes......Page 173
7.5 Principles of TCM Therapeutics for Liver Cancer......Page 176
7.6.1 QI Stagnation and Blood Stasis......Page 179
7.6.2 Spleen Deficiency and QI Stagnation......Page 180
7.6.3 Spleen Deficiency and Phlegm Stagnancy......Page 181
7.6.4 Liver Stagnancy and Kidney Deficiency......Page 182
7.6.6 Liver Heat and Phlegm Toxins......Page 183
7.6.7 Deficiency of Liver and Kidney Yin......Page 184
7.7 Common Medicines Used for Disease Differentiation......Page 185
7.8.2 Blood Syndrome......Page 188
7.9.1 External Therapeutic Methods......Page 189
7.9.2 Acupuncture......Page 191
7.9.3 Qigong Therapy......Page 192
7.9.4 Dietary Therapy......Page 193
7.10 Conclusion......Page 195
8.1 Introduction......Page 197
8.2 Etiopathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer from a TCM Perspective......Page 199
8.3 Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer in TCM Practice......Page 201
8.4 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment in TCM......Page 204
8.5.1 Pain......Page 210
8.5.2 Jaundice......Page 211
8.5.3 Ascitis......Page 212
8.6 Common Patented TCM Formulations for the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer......Page 213
Case 1: Female, 79 Years Old......Page 214
Case 2: Male, 76 Years Old......Page 216
9.1 Introduction......Page 217
9.2 An Historical Perspective......Page 218
9.4 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment Principle......Page 219
9.4.2 Entwinement and Obstruction of Phlegm and Qi......Page 221
9.4.3 Accumulation of Blood Stasis and Toxin......Page 222
9.5 Treatment of Complications......Page 223
9.5.1.1 Upper Extremity Swelling......Page 224
9.5.1.2 Breast Ulcer......Page 225
9.5.1.3 Cancer Pain......Page 226
9.6.2 Pneumonia......Page 227
9.6.3 Esophagitis......Page 228
9.6.5 Stomatitis......Page 229
9.8.1 Ju He Ru Mo Mi Yin (Tangerine Seed, Frankincense, and Myrrh Beverage)......Page 230
9.8.2 Pu Gong Ying Yuan Hu Yin (Dandelion and Yanhusuo Beverage)......Page 231
9.8.3 Zao Jiao Ci Ju Pi Mi Yin (Chinese Honeylocust Spine, Green Tangerine Peel, and Honey Beverage)......Page 233
10.1 Introduction......Page 235
10.2 History of Ovarian Cancer from a TCM Perspective......Page 236
10.3.2 Improper Diet......Page 237
10.4.1 Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis......Page 238
10.4.2 Dampness-Heat and Toxin Stagnation......Page 239
10.4.3 Phlegm-Dampness Accumulation and Coagulation......Page 241
10.4.4 Yin Deficiency Due to Internal Heat......Page 242
10.4.5 Yin Deficiency of Liver and Kidney......Page 243
10.4.6 Weak Spleen Due to Qi Deficiency......Page 244
10.4.7 Dual Deficiency of Qi and Blood......Page 245
10.5.1 Chuan Shan Jia San......Page 246
10.5.2 Wu Mei Xiao Xia San......Page 247
10.5.4 Ji Sheng Da Huang Tang......Page 248
10.5.5 Tao Hong Si Wu Tang Jia Wei (Augmented Persica and Carthamus Four Materials Decoction)......Page 249
10.5.7 Fu Zheng Jie Du San Jie Yin......Page 250
10.5.9 Qing Rei Xiao Liu Jian......Page 251
10.5.10 Hua Liu Wan......Page 252
10.5.13 Chuan Xin Lian Injectable Formulation......Page 253
10.6 Integrative Conventional and TCM Treatment of Ovarian Cancer in Chinese Oncology Practice......Page 254
10.7.1 Malignant Ascites......Page 258
10.7.2 Abdominal Pain......Page 259
11.1 Introduction......Page 260
11.3 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment......Page 261
11.3.1 Dampness Heat Accumulation......Page 262
11.3.2 Internal Binding of Blood Stasis......Page 263
11.3.3 Kidney Qi Deficiency......Page 264
11.4 Treatment of Complications......Page 266
11.5.1 Jie Re Tong Lin Fang......Page 268
11.5.3 Bu Yuan Tiao He Tang......Page 269
11.5.4 Shen Qi Xian Rong Tang......Page 272
11.5.5 Liu Wei Di Huang Tang (Six Flavor Teapills) Combined with Shi Qiao San with Modification......Page 273
11.5.6 Zhi Tong Fang......Page 274
11.5.8 Zhi Qian Lian Xian Ai Fang (Prostate Cancer Therapeutic Formula)......Page 275
11.5.10 Simple Recipe......Page 276
*Recipes 2......Page 277
Recipe 5......Page 278
Recipe 6......Page 279
12.1 Introduction......Page 281
12.2 TCM Pathogenesis of Kidney Cancer......Page 282
12.3.1 Dual Deficiency of Spleen and Kidney......Page 283
12.3.3 Accumulation and Binding of Dampness-Heat......Page 285
12.3.4 Internal Obstruction of Blood Stasis......Page 286
12.3.5 Hyperactivity of Heart Fire......Page 287
12.3.6 Dual Deficiency of Qi and Blood......Page 288
12.3.7 Linger of Evil-Toxin After Cancer Being Attacked......Page 289
12.4 The Integration of TCM with Surgery......Page 290
12.5.2 Nourishes Qi and Blood......Page 292
12.5.3 Strengthens the Spleen and Harmonizes the Stomach......Page 293
12.5.4 Nourish the Liver and the Kidney......Page 294
12.7.1 Bone Metastasis......Page 295
Kidney Yang Deficiency, Cold Coagulation, and Obstruction......Page 296
Qi and Blood Deficiency and Toxins in the Bone......Page 297
Qi and Blood Stasis, Accumulation and Binding of Toxic Evil......Page 298
12.7.2 Chronic Renal Failure......Page 301
Deficiency of Qi and Yin, Internal Binding of Dampness Turbidity......Page 302
Dual Deficiency of Yin and Yang......Page 303
12.7.3 Anemia......Page 304
Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency......Page 305
Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency......Page 306
Dual Deficiency of Kidney Yin and Kidney Yang......Page 307
Kidney Deficiency and Blood Stasis......Page 308
Fever Due to Blood Stasis......Page 309
Fever Due to Qi Deficiency......Page 310
Fever Due to Blood Deficiency......Page 311
Fever Due to Yang Deficiency......Page 312
12.8 Examples of Common, Simple and Proved TCM Recipes for Kidney Cancer Management......Page 313
12.9.1 Suitable for Kidney Cancer in All Stages......Page 316
12.10 Massage......Page 317
12.12 Nourishing and Nursing......Page 318
Case 1: Male, Born in the year of 1933, An Employee of a Beijing Sport Newspaper......Page 319
Case 2: Male, 64 Years Old, the Business Representative of a German Corporation......Page 322
Case 3: Female, 65 Year-Old, Professional......Page 325
13.1 Introduction......Page 328
13.3 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment......Page 329
13.3.1 Heat Accumulation in the Lung......Page 330
13.3.2 Excessive Heat in the Bladder......Page 331
13.3.3 Liver Depression and Qi Stagnation......Page 332
13.3.4 Blood Stasis Obstruction Internally......Page 334
13.3.5 Spleen and Stomach Deficiency......Page 335
13.3.6 Unconsolidated Kidney Qi......Page 336
13.3.7 Kidney Deficiency......Page 338
13.4.1 Uremia......Page 340
13.4.2 Infection......Page 342
13.4.3 Bladder Outlet Obstruction......Page 343
13.5.2 Ya Zao Feng Mi Wan......Page 344
13.5.4 San Jin Tang......Page 345
13.5.5 Jie Du Li Shi Tang......Page 346
13.5.7 Xin Dan Pang Guang Tang......Page 347
13.5.8 Sang She Tangh......Page 349
13.5.10 Jia Wei Wu Ling San......Page 350
13.5.11 Fu Fang Er Ji Tang......Page 351
13.5.12 Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 1......Page 352
13.5.13 Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 2......Page 353
13.5.14 Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 3......Page 354
13.5.16 Zhi Pang Guang Ai Fang 4......Page 355
13.5.17 Fu Fang Shan Zhi Tang......Page 356
13.5.18 Lian Ji Di Huang Tang......Page 357
13.5.20 Dietary Therapy of Bladder Cancer 1......Page 358
13.5.21 Dietary Therapy of Bladder Cancer 2......Page 359
14.1 An Overview of TCM-Based Brain Cancer Etiology and Pathogenesis......Page 360
14.2 Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment......Page 361
14.2.1 Qi and Blood Stagnation......Page 362
14.2.2 Spleen and Kidney Yang Deficiency......Page 363
14.2.3 Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency......Page 364
14.2.4 Internal Obstruction of Dampness and Phlegm......Page 365
14.2.5 Excessive Heat in the Liver and Gallbladder......Page 367
14.2.6 Liver Deficiency......Page 368
14.3.2 Yi Qi Hua Tan San......Page 370
14.3.3 Nao Liu Xiao Fang......Page 371
14.3.5 Nao Liu Yi Hao Fang (No.1 Formula of Brain Cancer)......Page 372
14.4 Integration of TCM with Conventional Therapies for Brain Cancer......Page 373
14.5.2 Central Fever......Page 375
Part V: Management of Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Cancer......Page 377
15.2 Prevalence of the Problem of Cancer-Related Fatigue......Page 378
15.4 Concomitant Factors of Cancer-Related Fatigue......Page 379
15.6 Integrative Therapies for Cancer-Related Fatigue......Page 380
15.6.1.1 Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Infusion......Page 381
15.6.1.3 Levocarnitine Supplement......Page 382
15.6.1.4 Other Agents Affecting Mitochondrial Metabolism......Page 383
15.6.2 Mind-Body Medicine Treatments......Page 384
15.6.2.2 Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR)......Page 385
15.6.2.4 Yoga......Page 386
15.6.2.6 Energy Conservation and Activity Management......Page 388
15.6.3 Manipulative and Body-Based Practices......Page 389
15.6.4.1 Healing Touch......Page 390
15.6.4.3 Polarity Therapy......Page 391
15.6.5.1 Acupuncture......Page 392
15.7 Discussion......Page 393
References......Page 394
16.1 Introduction......Page 399
16.2 Cancer Pain: Prevalence......Page 400
16.3.3 Other Systematic Reviews......Page 402
16.4 CAM Treatments for Cancer Pain: Summary of Evidence......Page 403
16.5 Conclusion......Page 404
References......Page 405
Part VI: Clinical, Pharmacological, and Safety Issues Using Complementary Therapies......Page 406
17.1 Introduction......Page 407
17.2.1 Product-Related......Page 409
17.2.2 Study Design-Related......Page 415
17.3 Conclusion......Page 419
References......Page 420
Herbal Product-Drug Interactions from a Pharmacological Perspective......Page 426
18.1 Introduction......Page 427
18.2 Herb-Drug Interactions Associated with the Use of Prevalent Herbal Products by Cancer Patients......Page 429
18.3 Herb-Drug Interactions Involving Host Drug Pharmacology......Page 454
18.4 Herb-drug interaction at the levels of cancer cell targets......Page 461
18.5 Pharmacovigilance and Herbal Products......Page 462
18.5.1.1 St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)......Page 465
18.5.1.2 Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)......Page 467
18.5.1.3 Garlic (Allium sativum)......Page 469
18.5.1.4 Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea)......Page 470
18.5.1.5 Ginseng......Page 471
18.5.1.6 Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens), Pygeum (Pygeum africanum), and Stinging Nettle (Urtica dioica)......Page 473
18.5.2 Other Medicinal Herbs Susceptible to Interfere with Drug Pharmacology......Page 475
18.5.3 The Case of Dietary Nutrients......Page 478
18.6 Practical Remarks and Perspectives......Page 479
References......Page 481
Part VII: Patient-Physician Relationship......Page 497
Patient-Physician Relationship: Creating an Optimal Healing Environment......Page 498
19.1.1.1 Self-responsibility......Page 507
19.1.1.4 Authenticity and Integrity......Page 508
19.1.1.5 Personal Growth......Page 509
References......Page 511
Part VIII: Regulatory Issues......Page 512
20.1 Introduction......Page 513
20.2 Legal Issues......Page 514
20.3 The Commencement of the Relationship......Page 518
20.4 Competing Interests......Page 524
21.1 Introduction......Page 528
21.2.1 Utility or Invention Patents......Page 530
21.2.1.1 PCT Applications and Process......Page 532
21.2.2 Plant Patents and Other Certificates of Protection......Page 534
21.2.3 Sui Generis System for Protection......Page 535
21.2.3.1 Brazil......Page 536
21.2.3.3 Peru......Page 537
21.3.1 Patentable Subject Matter......Page 538
Novelty......Page 540
21.3.1.2 Inventive Step/Nonobviousness......Page 542
21.3.1.3 Support in Specification and Claim Definiteness......Page 544
21.3.2.1 Interferences (United States)......Page 545
21.3.2.3 Re-examinations and Reissue Patents in the United States......Page 546
21.3.3 Infringement......Page 547
Notes......Page 549
Part IX: From Practice to Basics......Page 553
Chemical-Biology of Natural Products from Medicinal Plants for Cancer Therapy......Page 554
22.1 Introduction......Page 555
22.2 Molecular Modes of Action of Alkaloids on Cancer Cells......Page 560
22.3 Pharmacogenomics......Page 567
22.4 Conclusion and Perspective......Page 572
References......Page 573
23.1 Introduction......Page 580
23.2 Chemical Structures of Flavonoids......Page 581
23.3 Flavonoid Metabolism......Page 583
23.4 Flavonoid Pharmacological Activities......Page 584
23.5 Flavonoids in Cancer Prevention......Page 586
23.5.1 In Vitro Antimutagenicity......Page 587
23.5.2 Cancer Prevention in Animal Models......Page 588
23.5.3 Cancer Prevention in Humans......Page 589
23.6.1 Antimitotic Effects......Page 590
23.6.3 Differentiation......Page 591
23.6.5 Multidrug Resistance......Page 592
23.6.6 Cell Signaling......Page 593
23.6.7 Effect on Hormone-Dependent Cancers......Page 594
23.6.9 Vascular Disrupting Properties......Page 595
23.6.10 Flavonoids Combination with Cancer Treatments......Page 596
23.8 Concluding Remarks and Future Directions......Page 597
References......Page 599
24.1 Introduction......Page 610
24.2 Marine Bioactive Alkaloids......Page 611
24.3 Marine Bioactive Steroids......Page 619
24.4 Marine Bioactive Peptides......Page 623
24.5 Conclusion......Page 630
References......Page 631
Natural Product-like Scaffolds for Molecular Dissection of Macromolecular Interactions and New Therapeutic Applications......Page 641
25.2 Protein-Protein Interactions in Cell Signalling and Diseases......Page 642
25.2.1 Molecular Dissection of FAK Signalling......Page 644
25.2.2 Focal Adhesion Complex and Breast Cancer......Page 647
25.4 Identification of Novel Protein-Protein Interactions......Page 648
25.4.1 Immunopurification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (IP-HTMS)......Page 650
25.5.1 Functional Protein Microarrays......Page 651
25.5.2 Small-Molecule Microarrays......Page 652
25.5.4 NMR Spectroscopy......Page 653
25.5.5 X-Ray Crystallography......Page 655
25.7 Future Challenges and Applications......Page 656
25.7.1 Ongoing Study in Our Lab......Page 657
References......Page 659
Mining Natural Product-Derived Molecules Against Cancer Targets: The Case of the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer......Page 666
26.1 Introduction......Page 667
26.2 Androgen Receptor as a Target for Prostate Cancer and Limitations......Page 668
26.3 Natural Products as a Source of Bioactive Molecules......Page 672
26.4 Mining Natural Products Against Wild-Type and Mutated Androgen Receptors......Page 674
26.5 Therapeutic Implications......Page 680
26.6 Conclusion and Perspectives......Page 681
References......Page 682
Subject Index......Page 688