Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes in Cities: Bioremediation, Biomass, Biofuels and Bioproducts introduces the concept of using the natural ability of plants such as algae and aquatic macrophytes to remediate pollutants from water. The book provides scientists with a green, economical and successful option when tackling rising water pollution. The book's chapters cover a range of areas, including bioremediation, biomass, biofuels and bioproducts during the remediation of polluted water systems. It draws together research from eminent scientists from across the globe and includes case studies to help researchers, students, scientists, stakeholders, policymakers and environmentalists understand and perform their research with greater ease.
Author(s): Vimal Chandra Pandey
Publisher: Elsevier
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 368
City: Amsterdam
Algae and Aquatic Macrophytes in Cities
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
About the Editor
Acknowledgments
Cities water pollution-Challenges and controls
Introduction
Water pollution
Emerging contaminants
Categories of water pollution
Groundwater
Surface water
Ocean water
Impact of water pollution
Human health
Ecosystems
Economic loss
Socio-economic and environmental challenges
Water pollution control
Water quality and UN-sustainable development goals
Law, policies, and management action
Conclusion
References
Aquatic pollution and wastewater treatment system
Introduction
Bibliometric survey in SCOPUS database
Sources of wastewater
Domestic wastewater
Agricultural drainage water
Industrial effluents
Stormwater
Pollution in aquatic species
Wastewater treatment technologies
Natural-based treatment
Wetland and phytoremediation
Waste stabilization pond
Engineering-based treatment
Activated sludge
Trickling filter (biofilter)
Rotating biological contactors (RBCs)
Anaerobic digester
Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor
Microalgae phycoremediation systems
Conclusions and recommendations
Acknowledgment
References
Integrated phytoremediation approaches for abatement of aquatic pollution and element recovery
Introduction
Aquatic pollution and pollutants
Organic pollutant
Inorganic pollutant
Phytoremediation
Pollutant removal mechanism by aquatic plants
Phytoextraction
Phytostabilization
Phytotransformation
Phytovolatilization
Rhizofiltration
Hydraulic barrier
Application of macrophytes for the aquatic pollution abatement
Application of algal technologies for aquatic pollution abatement
Major geo-environmental factors affecting phytoremediation
Integrating phytoremediation with energy and element recovery
Biomass utilization
Element recovery
The future prospect of integrated phytoremediation
Conclusion
References
Algae-based low-cost strategy for wastewater treatment
Introduction
Toxic metal ions as pollutants in wastewater
Biosorption as a method of heavy metal ions removal from wastewater
Macroalgae as a biosorbent used in wastewater treatment
Utilization of the metal-loaded biomass
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Aquatic macrophytes and algae in textile wastewater treatment
Introduction
Overview of textile industry
Nature and characteristics of textile wastewater
Textile wastewater treatment processes
Role of algae in textile wastewater treatment
Role of aquatic macrophytes in textile wastewater treatment
Conclusion
References
Prospects of carbon capture and carbon sequestration using microalgae and macrophytes
Introduction
Global carbon cycle
Necessity of sequestering carbon
Carbon sequestration using microalgae
Atmospheric carbon capture through photosynthesis
Industrial flue gas carbon capture
CO2 tolerance of microalgae
Cultivation methods for CO2 fixation
Open pond system
Closed bioreactor system
Cultivation environment condition
Carbon sequestration using macrophytes
Carbon utilization through photosynthesis
Carbon sequestration through wetland macrophytes
Carbon sequestration through seaweeds (macroalgae)
Carbon concentrating mechanism
Mechanism of C4 metabolism in macrophytes
Mechanism of CAM metabolism in macrophytes
Direct carbon sequestration in soil using pyrolytic product
Future prospects and conclusion
References
Recent advancements in bioflocculation of microalgae for bioenergy applications
Introduction
Bioflocculation
Fungi assisted bioflocculation
Bacteria assisted flocculation
Algal-algal bioflocculation
Biologically derived flocculants
Conclusion
References
Algal biomass pretreatment and developments for better biofuel production
Introduction
Challenges to algae-to-biofuel conversion efficiency
Algal biomass pretreatment strategies
Conventional pretreatment techniques
Physical pretreatment
Chemical pretreatment
Biological pretreatment
Combined pretreatment
Emerging pretreatment techniques
Electrophysical pretreatment
Nanoparticles-based pretreatment
Phytohormones-based pretreatment
Freezing and thawing cycles
Developments in algal biomass to biofuels
Genetic engineering for algae biofuels
Algae biofuels for aviation
Conclusions and perspectives
Acknowledgments
References
Opportunities and challenges in algal biofuel
Introduction
Economic, environmental, and social challenges and opportunities
Challenges to macroalgal biomass production
Challenges to microalgal biomass production
Biomass production in wastewater with bioelectricity generation
Potential biofuel
Biodiesel
Bioethanol
Biogas
Biohydrogen
Bio-oil
Biokerosene
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Biogas production from aquatic biomass
Introduction
Anaerobic digestion process
Stages of the anaerobic digestion process
Hydrolysis
Acidogenesis
Acetogenesis
Methanogenesis
Mass flow of anaerobic digestion of the aquatic biomass
Microbiology of anaerobic digestion
Enzymatic reactions in anaerobic digestion
Operational parameters
Oxygen
pH
Total solid and volatile solid contents of substrate and digestate
Volatile fatty acids
Volatile organic acids/total inorganic carbon
Biogas amount and biogas content
Inhibition parameters
Ammonia
Sulfide
Light and heavy metals
Organics
Monitoring and control of the biogas plants
Design of the anaerobic digestion process
Design of the feeding
Substrate types
Batch, semicontinuous, and continuous
Nutrients and trace elements
Hydraulic retention time
Organic loading rate
Reactor type
One stage/two stages
Dry or wet anaerobic digestion
Biogas storage and treatment
Determination of digester temperature
Agitation system
Current developments for biogas production from aquatic biomass
Biogas production from microalgae
Biogas production from Macrophytes
Conclusions
References
Recent advances in the production of nutritional products from algal biomass
Introduction
Evolution of algae as food
Algal biotechnology focusing on nutraceutical production
Nutritional components of algae as food ingredients
Polysaccharides
Carrageenan
Agar
Alginate
Fucoidan
Protein and amino acids
Pigments
Lipids
Processing of algal biomass for nutraceutical development
Preparation and pretreatment of algal biomass
Innovative extraction techniques
Sequential extraction
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using CO2 and cosolvent
Ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction (UMAE)
Green ultra-high-pressure extraction (green-UHPE)
Multiextraction (enzymatic and alkaline)
Compressional-puffing-hydrothermal extraction process (CPHE)
Pulsed electric fields (PEF) system
Fortification of algal components into food products and its applications
Dairy products
Bakery products
Meat and seafood processing
Other products
Food regulations for algal food additives
Market potential of algal nutraceuticals
Challenges in algal nutraceutical product development and commercialization
Future prospects
Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Web references
Obtaining commodity chemicals by bio-refining of algal biomass
Introduction
Lipid fraction from microalgal biomass
Carbohydrate fraction from microalgal biomass
Protein fraction from microalgal biomass
Pigments from microalgal biomass
Bio-refinery of microalgal biomass
Challenges and future prospect of microalgal bio-refinery
Conclusion
References
Seaweed-based fertilizing products
Introduction
Seaweeds as a potential raw material for the production of fertilizing products
The potential use of seaweeds in sustainable agriculture
Seaweed active compounds of agricultural importance
Macronutrients and micronutrients
Cell wall polysaccharides
Plant hormones, oligosaccharides, vitamins, and osmolytes used as plant biostimulants
Production methods of seaweed-based fertilizing products
Enzyme-assisted extraction
Ultrasound-assisted extraction
Microwave-assisted extraction
Pressurized liquid extraction
Supercritical fluid extraction
Subcritical water extraction
Pulsed electric field
Seaweeds and fertilizing products according to the Regulation (EU) 2019/1009
Literature examples of seaweed fertilizing products
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Valuable bioproducts from seaweeds obtained by green extraction technologies: Potential health benefits and a ...
Introduction
Bioproducts from seaweeds obtained by green extraction technologies
Polysaccharide
Natural pigments
Fatty acids
Proteins, peptides, and amino acids
Other valuable bioproducts
Potential health benefit effects
Anticancer activity
Antioxidant activity
Antiviral activity
Immunomodulatory activity
Brain development and neuroprotective activity
Other activities
Potential applications in pharmacological industries
Conclusions
Acknowledgment
References
Nutraceutical and therapeutical potential of Spirulina
Introduction
Morphology
Biochemical composition
Protein
Essential fatty acids
Vitamins
Minerals
Photosynthetic pigments
Amino acid
Phycocyanin
Antiviral activity of Spirulina
Anticancer activity of Spirulina
Role in diabetes mellitus
Immunomodulatory properties
Antioxidant properties
Antibacterial activities of Spirulina
Antiinflammatory properties of Spirulina
Radioprotective properties of Spirulina
Nutritional supplementation
Probiotic effects of Spirulina
Eye disease prevented by Spirulina
Role of Spirulina in immunity
Substitute for animal meat
Trace metal and micronutrient supplement of Spirulina
Conclusion
References
Index
