The book deals with the subsidies of air transport. It shows which subsidies are used to promote air transport and how the subsidies influence the various segments of air transport. The types of subsidies dealt with correspond to the OECD's delimitation. In addition to tax breaks and transfers, capital subsidies, infrastructure subsidies, regulatory deficits and non-internalised externalities are also included. The areas of air transport in which subsidies are identified are airports, airlines and air traffic control. Furthermore, aircraft manufacturers and research as well as air transport regulation, the behaviour of MPs and airport-related infrastructure are dealt with. The subject is of general and long-term interest. The book is the most comprehensive and systematic compilation of subsidies available. The result is that air transport is permeated by a largely uncoordinated system of subsidies in all its areas, the overall effects of which have not been recorded until today.
Author(s): Friedrich Thießen
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 117
City: Wiesbaden
Preface
Contents
1 Introduction
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Objective of the Study
1.3 What is a Subsidy?
1.4 Subsidies and Environmental Damage
1.5 Summary
2 Taxes and Fees
2.1 Driving and Lubricating Oils
Introduction
Kerosene Consumption
The Kerosene Subsidy
The Amount of the Tax Rate
Subsidization in Transport Comparison
The History of the Kerosene Taxation Exemption
Reasons for Taxation
Conclusions
2.2 Value Added Tax
Introduction
VAT Exemption as Subsidy
The VAT regulations in Germany
Conclusions
3 Airports
3.1 Airports
Introduction
Types of Airport Subsidies
Types of Airport Subsidies
The Assumption of Fire Services
The Problem of Capital Investments
Selected Examples
Conclusions
3.2 Airport Fees
Introduction
Are There Subsidies in Airport Charges?
Rules for Determining Charges
Noise Charges
Various Incentive Programs
Lack of Internalization of Negative External Effects
3.3 Airport Management
Introduction
Auxiliary Turbines
Engine Tests
Apron Vehicles
The Subsidy Character
4 Airlines
4.1 Airlines
Introduction
Types of Subsidies
Subsidies to Gulf Airlines
Other Help
Conclusions
4.2 Air Traffic Noise
Basics
How Many People are Affected by Aircraft Noise?
What Damage does Noise Cause?
Measures Against Aircraft Noise
UBA Proposals
Conclusions
4.3 Delays
Basics
Causes of Delays According to Industry Systems
Causes of Delays in Independent Studies
Violations of the Night Flight Restrictions in Frankfurt
The Value of Delays
Delays and Subsidies
Truthful Reporting
Conclusions
5 Manufacturers, Research and Infrastructure
5.1 Manufacturers and Research
Introduction
EU Policy
Research Funding
Market Orientation vs. Subsidy Programs
Other Manufacturers
Conclusions
5.2 Infrastructure
The Problem
Conclusions
6 Supervisory Institutions and Framework Conditions
6.1 Air Traffic Control and Flight Procedures
Basics
The Subsidy Aspect
The Role of the German air Traffic Control
The Conflict Causes
The Interests of the DFS
Conflicts of Interest
The Compensation Structure of the DFS
Cost Allocation
Pension Liabilities and their Consequences
The Subsidy
The Single Release Problem
Subsidization of Regional Airports via DFS
Conclusion
6.2 Members of Parliament
Introduction
The Senatorcard
The History
Conclusions
6.3 Stability and Reliability
Basics
The Requirements of the ADV
The Meaning of Stability and Change
The Condition for Optimal Change
Settlements that Move Closer to Airports
Conclusions
6.4 Regulatory Control
The Problem
Examination of Airport Charges
Private Investor Test
6.5 Air Transport Agreement
Introduction
The Air Traffic Concept of the Federal Government
Disabling Foreign Competitors
Conclusions
6.6 Complimentary Report
Introduction
Private Reports
Acceptance of Courtesy Opinions
Acceptance as a Subsidy
Conclusions
7 Summary
