This book highlights future research directions and latent solutions by integrating AI and Blockchain 6G networks, comprising computation efficiency, algorithms robustness, hardware development and energy management. This book brings together leading researchers in Academia and industry from diverse backgrounds to deliver to the technical community an outline of emerging technologies, advanced architectures, challenges, open issues and future directions of 6G networks. This book is written for researchers, professionals and students to learn about the integration of technologies such as AI and Blockchain into 6G network and communications. This book addresses the topics such as consensus protocol, architecture, intelligent dynamic resource management, security and privacy in 6G to integrate AI and Blockchain and new real-time application with further research opportunities.
Author(s): Malaya Dutta Borah, Pushpa Singh, Ganesh Chandra Deka
Series: Blockchain Technologies
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 262
City: Singapore
Contents
Technologies Assisting the Paradigm Shift from 5G to 6G
1 Introduction
2 Background and Evolution of Mobile Communication System
2.1 Limitations of 5G: Driving Force to Move Toward 6G
3 Performance Metrics for 6G Networks and Compared with Conventional 5G
3.1 High Security, Privacy, and Secrecy
3.2 Multi-Band Ultrafast Transmission
4 The Technological Characteristics of 6G Wireless Network and Advantages of 6G Mobile Communication
4.1 Concept of Terahertz Communication
4.2 Densification
4.3 Power
5 Heterogeneous Network Aspect of the 6G Wireless Network
5.1 Cloudification/Fog/Edge
5.2 Softwarization
5.3 Virtualization
5.4 Slicing
6 Application of 6G with Emerging Technologies
6.1 Application of 6G with Blockchain
6.2 Application of 6G with A.I.
7 Conclusion
References
Key Technologies and Architectures for 6G and Beyond Wireless Communication System
1 Introduction
2 Cell-Free Massive MIMO
2.1 Architectures of Cell-Free Massive MIMO
2.2 ASO (AP Switch-Off) Technique in Cell-Free Massive MIMO
2.3 Practical Deployment Issues of Cell-Free Massive MIMO
3 Quantum Communication
3.1 Physical Components of a Quantum Network
4 Intelligent Communication Environment
4.1 The Layered Structure of an Intelligent Communication Environment
4.2 Applications of Intelligent Communication Environment
5 Internet of Nano Things (IoNT)
5.1 Applications of IoNT
6 Internet of Space Things with CubeSats
6.1 Application Scenarios of IoST
7 Artificial Intelligence for 6G and Beyond Network
7.1 Channel Estimation
7.2 Resource Management
8 Key 6G and Beyond Technologies
8.1 Terahertz Band Communication
8.2 UAV-Based Communication
8.3 Visible Light Communication (VLC)
8.4 Ambient Backscatter Communication
8.5 Context-Aware Cognitive Radio
8.6 Reconfigurable Transceiver Front-Ends for 6G and Beyond
9 Advanced 6G Applications
10 Research and Project Activities
11 Conclusions
References
Blockchain-Enabled Decentralized Network Management in 6G
1 Introduction
2 Scope of Network Management in 6G: Service Evolution and Resource Versus Service Management
2.1 6G Resource Management
2.2 6G Service Management
3 Evolution of Decentralized Network Management Technologies and Architectures
4 Economic Models for Network Management in 6G
5 Role of Smart Contracts and APIs in Decentralized Network Management
6 Role of AI in Decentralized Network Management
7 Challenges for Network Operators in Decentralizing Network Management with Blockchains
8 Conclusions
References
AI-Enabled Intelligent Resource Management in 6G
1 Essentials of AI in Resource Management
1.1 Challenges in Resource Management Toward Massive Connected Networks
1.2 Resource Management in 5G
1.3 Resource Management from 5G to 6G
2 Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Network Management
2.1 ML-Enabled Broadband Transmission in 6G Networks
3 Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Network Management
3.1 Need for Massive Connectivity Management in 6G Network
3.2 Radio Resource Management in High-Dimensional Networks
3.3 AI-Enabled Automated 6G Networks
4 Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Network Management
4.1 Deep Learning-Based Multi-Access Edge Computing
4.2 AI-Based Handover Management
4.3 AI-Based Spectrum Management
5 AI-Enabled Dynamic Resource Allocation
5.1 Efficient Sharing of Radio Sources
5.2 AI-Based Dynamic Spectrum Allocation
5.3 AI-Based Distributed Spectrum Access
6 AI-Enabled Dynamic Resource Allocation
6.1 Reinforcement Learning-Enabled 6G Network
6.2 Realization of RL-Based Framework for 6G Networks
6.3 Reinforcement Learning-Based Spectrum Management
7 Conclusions
References
Role of Blockchain and AI in Security and Privacy of 6G
1 Introduction
2 From 0G to 6G: An Overview
3 Security and Privacy Issues in 6G
3.1 Security Issues in 6G
3.2 Privacy Issues in 6G
4 Blockchain for 6G
4.1 Overview of Blockchain
4.2 Benefits of Blockchain
4.3 Integration of Blockchain with 6G
4.4 Blockchain for Better Security in 6G
5 AI for 6G
5.1 An Overview of AI
5.2 Integration of AI with 6G for Effective Security
6 Use Case: Healthcare with 6G
6.1 Security Issues in Healthcare with 6G
7 Conclusion
References
Security, Privacy Challenges and Solutions for Various Applications in Blockchain Distributed Ledger for Wireless-Based Communication Networks
1 Introduction
1.1 Blockchain
1.2 Blockchain Architecture
1.3 Distributed Ledger (DL) Technology
1.4 Wireless Communication Networks
1.5 Limitation of 5G and Opportunities of Blockchain in 6G
1.6 Section Organization
2 Mathematical Preliminaries
2.1 Hash Function
2.2 Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
2.3 Bilinear Pairing
2.4 Fuzzy Extractor
2.5 Bio Hash Function
2.6 Chebyshev Chaotic Map
3 System Model with the 6G Applications
4 Blockchain DL Based 6G Applications
4.1 Blockchain DL in Banking
4.2 Blockchain DL in Finance
4.3 Blockchain DL in COVID-19
4.4 Blockchain DL in Supply Chain
4.5 Blockchain DL in Land Registration
4.6 Blockchain DL in Health Care
4.7 Blockchain DL in Entertainment and Media
4.8 Blockchain DL in Education Sector
5 Security Analysis
5.1 Avispa
5.2 Scyther
5.3 Proverif
5.4 Tamarin Prover
5.5 BAN Logic
5.6 RoM Model
6 Comparative Analysis
6.1 Comparative Study of DL-Based Security Protocols
6.2 Quantitative Analysis
7 Future Challenges
8 Conclusion
References
Computation Time Estimation of Switches and Controllers Process on 6G-Based SDN-Cyber Security Forensics Architecture in the Blockchain-Based IoT Environment
1 Introduction
1.1 Motivation
1.2 Main Contribution of the Chapter
2 Materials and Methods
3 Computation Time Estimation on SDN-Forensic Architecture in Blockchain-IoT Environment
3.1 Computation Time of Data Plane in Which IoT Devices Work
3.2 Computation Time of Blockchain Network Layer Which SDN Controllers Work
4 Simulation Results
4.1 Simulation Setup
5 Future Directions
6 Conclusion
References
Learning-Driven Nodes Profiling in 6G Wireless Networks: Vision, Challenges, Applications
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 Vision
4 Requirements and Applications
4.1 Applications Areas of 6G Wireless Networks
5 Challenges in 6G Wireless Networks
5.1 The Unprecedented Traffic Demands
5.2 Security Issues in Future 6G and Beyond Ecosystems
5.3 Audit for Compliance Check and Security Standards
6 Learning-Driven Communities in Complex Networks for 6G
6.1 Community Detection in Complex Networks
6.2 Dynamics of Diffusion and Competition
6.3 Structural Description of Nodes in 6G Network
6.4 Study of Collective Dynamical Processes
7 Conclusions
References
Investigating the Economic Impact of Organizational Adoption of AI-Enabled Blockchain in 6G-Based Supply Chain Management
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 6G Technology
2.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
2.3 Blockchain Technology (BCT)
2.4 Artificial Intelligence Enabled Blockchain
2.5 Supply Chain Management (SCM)
2.6 6G-Based Supply Chain Management
2.7 TOE Framework
3 Research Model Development
3.1 Systematic Literature Review
3.2 The Expert Panel
4 Proposed Research Model
4.1 Technological Context
4.2 Organizational Context
4.3 Environmental Context
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
The Economic Impact of AI-Enabled Blockchain in 6G-Based Industry
1 Introduction
2 Blockchain
3 Aspects of AI With Blockchain
3.1 How AI Can Be Included in Blockchain
3.2 Technical Aspects
4 Main Elements of Blockchain
4.1 Distributed Ledger
4.2 Importance of DL
4.3 Futures of DL Systems
5 Immutable Records
6 Smart Contracts
6.1 Savings for Intermediaries, Automation, and Time
6.2 Safety
6.3 Precision and Openness
6.4 Fare
6.5 Benefits of Blockchain
6.6 Blockchain Benefits for 6G
7 6G Advantages from the Blockchain:
8 Applications of Blockchain with 6g
8.1 SM (Smart Manufacturing)
8.2 Management of the Supply Chain
9 Economic Impact of AI-Enabled Blockchain in 6G Based Industry
10 Conclusions and Future Application
References
Comprehensive Evolution of Pharmaceutical Industries by Pioneering Blockchain Technology with 6G Wireless Networks Amalgamation
1 Introduction
1.1 An Overview of the 6G Wireless Network
1.2 Blockchain Technology
2 Blockchain Technology in Pharmaceutical Industries
2.1 Research Background of 6G
2.2 Research Background and Use Cases of Pharmaceutical Industries
2.3 Motivation for Role of Blockchain in Pharmaceutical Industries and Need to Include 6G Wireless Networks
3 Blockchain-Based Supply Chain in Pharmaceutical Industries
3.1 Blockchain Empowered 6G Wireless Network Architecture
3.2 Case Analysis
3.3 Supply Chain Management
4 Claims and Billing Management
5 Quality Management
5.1 Technical Aspects of Blockchain with 6G Wireless Network to Enhance Pharmaceutical Industries Operational Work
6 Applications
7 Challenges and Limitations
8 Future Research Opportunities
9 Conclusion
References
