The chapters in this book cover crop -weather interaction and agro-met observatory, agro-climatic analysis, crop micro-meteorology, remote sensing, crop simulation models, weather codes and their management, integrated weather forecast and agro advisories, climate change, livestock climatology/meteorology and astrometeorology. To understand the text of the book, under terminology, simple details have been given for hard technical words. Further and above all, under practical tools, important computations and calculations have been given with example, which is the unique of this publication. The authors feel that this publication would be very useful to under graduates, postgraduates, research scholars, publics, teachers and also to the politicians to take policy decisions on the subject.
Note: T&F does not sell or distribute the hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. This title is co-published with NIPA.
Author(s): T.N. Balasubramanian, R. Jagannathan, V. Geethalakshmi
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Language: English
Pages: 332
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Foreword
Preface
Table of Contents
Terminology
Introduction
1. Crop-Weather Interaction and Agro-Met Observatory
1.1 Weather Parameters
1.2 Crop-Weather Relationship
1.2.1 Rice
1.2.2 Wheat
1.2.3 Maize
1.2.4 Millets including minor millets
1.2.5 Cotton
1.2.6 Sugarcane
1.2.7 Groundnut
1.2.8 Sunflower
1.2.9 Soybean
1.2.10 Summary
1.3 Agricultural Meteorological Observatory
1.3.1 Selection of site for meteorological observatory
1.3.2 Layout of the agro-met observatory
1.3.3 Installation of meteorological instruments
1.3.4 Installation of instruments
1.3.5 Fixing Thermometers in SSS
1.3.6 Setting and Maintenance of Thermometers
1.3.7 Instruments to be Placed in DSS
1.3.8 Registers to be Maintained
1.3.9 Fixing Time for Taking Observation in a Proposed Observatory
1.3.10 Order of observation
1.3.11 Methodology for fixing True North
1.3.12 Inspection Report
2. Agro-Climatic Analysis
2.1 Agro-climatic Zones and Agro-ecological Regions of India
2.2 Agricultural Climatological Characterization
2.2.1 Block level characterization
2.2.2 Establishing Night School on Climate Literacy at Block Level
2.2.3 Nomination of Block Level Climate Manager
3. Crop Micrometeorology
3.1 Importance of Micrometeorology in Crop Production
3.2 Important Microclimatology Instruments
3.3 Recent Research Output on Microclimatology of Crops
3.3.1 Maize-Wheat Cropping System
3.3.2 Microclimate Profiles of Pigeon Pea
3.3.3 Spatial and Temporal Variation in Microclimate in Capsicum
3.3.4 Micrometeorology study in pearl millet
3.3.5 Variation in Energy Fluxes Over Wheat Ecosystem
3.3.6 Radiation use efficiency in potato under different microclimate (Raktim Jyoti Saikia et al., 2020)
3.4 Modifications of Micrometeorology for Enhancing Crop’s Productivity
3.4.1 Shelter belt/Wind break
3.4.2 Intercropping and Paired Row Cropping
3.4.3 Mulching
3.4.4 Irrigation
3.4.5 Other Practices
3.4.6 Fruit Maturity
4. Remote Sensing
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Remote Sensing
4.3 Satellites for Agrometeorology Purpose
4.4 Applications of Remote Sensing in Agricultural Meteorology
4.4.1 Agro-ecological zoning
4.4.2 Resource Mapping
4.4.3 Monitoring the Changes in Land Use Pattern
4.4.4 Crop Area and Crop Type Identification
4.4.5 Crop Growth and Productivity Monitoring
4.4.6 Crop Yield Forecasting
4.4.7 Monitoring Extreme Weather Events and Their Impacts
4.4.8 Pest and disease monitoring
4.4.9 Satellite Based Weather Forecasting
4.4.10 Satellite Data for Agro-met Advisory Service
4.4.11 Crop Insurance and Remote Sensing
4.4.12 Forest fire monitoring
4.5 Problems and Possibilities in Remote Sensing for Agrometeorology
4.5.1 Problems in Remote Sensing
4.5.2 Possibilities in Remote Sensing
5. Crop Simulation Models
5.1 Introduction
5.2 History and Development of Crop Models
5.3 Crop Simulation Models: Paradigm Shift Moving Beyond Individual Crops to Farm Systems
5.3.1 Types of Crop Simulation Models
5.3.2 Spatial and Temporal Scales of Agricultural System Models
5.4 Applications of Crop Simulation Models
5.4.1 Integration of Knowledge Across Disciplines–Standardized Framework
5.4.2 Assessing The Yield Gaps and Genetic Gains of Various Crops Towards Crop Intensification
5.4.3 Application in Crop Breeding Programme- Genomic Selection
5.4.4 Input Management–Crop Growth Models as Decision Support System
5.4.5 Risk Mitigation and Management
5.4.6 Application in Policy Decisions
5.5 Case Studies of Application of Crop Simulation Model for Farm Management Decisions
5.5.1 Application of APSIM Model in Deciding the Best Cropping System
5.5.2 Application of DSSAT Model in Programming Irrigation
5.5.3 Application of APSIM Model in Nitrogen Management Decision
5.5.4 Python-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (PEPIC) Model for Nitrogen Loss Assessment
5.5.5 AQUACROP- Economic Model for Irrigation Management
5.6 Challenges of Crop Modelling
5.6.1 Challenges of Crop Modelling in India
6. Weather Codes and Their Management
6.1 Normal Weather Code
6.2 Flood Weather Code
6.3 Drought Weather Code
6.4 Contingency Plan
6.5 General Management During Floods and Drought
6.5.1 Floods
6.5.2 Droughts
7. Integrated Weather Forecast and Agro-Advisories
7.1 Importance of Weather Forecast in Agriculture
7.2 Genesis of Weather Forecast in India
7.3 Weather Forecast
7.4 Integration of Weather Forecast
7.5 Automated Weather Forecast System
7.6 Weather Forecast Validation/Verification
7.7 Traditional Knowledge on Weather Forecast
7.8 Weather Thumb Rules Developed by Community in the Absence of Weather Forecast Information
8. Climate Change
8.1 Climate Change
8.1.1 Climate Variability
8.1.2 Climate Change vs Variability
8.1.3 Characterizing and Historicizing Climate Change
8.2 Definition of the Term “Global Warming”
8.2.1 Global Warming - Relationship with Climate Change
8.3 IPCC and Its Reports
8.3.1 First Assessment Report
8.3.2 Second Assessment Report
8.3.3 Third Assessment Report
8.3.4 Fourth Assessment Report
8.3.5 Fifth Assessment Report
8.3.6 Representative Concentration Pathways of AR5
8.4 Observed and Projected Changes in Climate
8.4.1 Observed and Projected Changes in Climate in India
8.4.2 Observed Changes in Climate in Tamil Nadu (case study)
8.4.3 Future Climate Projections Under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 Scenarios Over Tamil Nadu
8.5 Climate Change Impact on Agriculture
8.5.1 Climate Change Implication on Agriculture
8.5.2 Crops Response to Climate Change
8.5.3 Impact of Climate Change on Rice Over Tamil Nadu
8.5.4 Elevated Temperature and CO2 on C3 (Rice) and C4 (Maize) Plants in Tamil Nadu
8.5.5 Impact on physiology of C3 (rice) and C4 (maize) crops
8.5.6 Climate Change Implication on Water
8.5.7 Soil and Fertilizer
8.5.8 Climate Change Impact on Pest
8.5.9 Effect on Insecticide Use Efficiency
8.5.10 Effect on Natural Pest Control
8.5.11 Impact of Climate Change on Disease
8.5.12 Crop-weed Competition
8.6 Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture
8.6.1 Soil Management
8.6.2 Water Management
8.6.3 Fertilizer Management
8.6.4 Crop Management
8.7. Mitigation and Resilience
8.7.1 Mitigation
8.7.2 Resilience
8.8 Protected Agriculture
9. Livestock Climatology
9.1 Productivity
9.1.1 Cattle
9.1.2 Poultry
9.2 Pest and Disease Impact
9.2.1 Cattle
9.2.2 Poultry
9.3 Shed Requirement
9.4 Micrometeorology / Microclimatology
9.5 Physical Stress
10. Astro-Meteorology
10.1 History of Ancient Forecasting
10.2 Role of Panchangs in Astro-Meteorology
10.3 Astro-Meteorology in 20th Century
References
Bibliography
Annexure I: Selected Questions and Answers
Annexure II: Practical Tools (Computations and calculations)
Index
