Agriculture, Environment and Sustainable Development: Experiences and Case Studies

Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
About the Editors
Contributors
Part I: Global Warming and Climate Change: Vulnerability in Agricultural Sectors
Agriculture, Environment and Sustainable Development: An Overview
1 Introduction
2 Conclusion
References
Economic Evaluation and Assessment of Modern Apple Varieties in Kashmir Valley (Ex-Post) Though Propensity Score Matching Methods
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
4 Propensity Score of Adopters and Non-adopters of SKUAST-K Spray Schedule
5 Propensity Score Graph (Ps Graph)
6 Kernel Density
7 Conclusion
References
The Intensification of Shifting Cultivation in Tanzania: Effects on Soil and Vegetation
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Study Sites
2.3 Soil and Vegetation Sampling
2.4 Laboratory Analysis
2.5 Statistical Analysis
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Effects of Intensification of Shifting Cultivation on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
3.2 Effect of Intensification of Shifting Cultivation on Soil Chemical Properties
3.3 Effect of Intensification of Shifting Cultivation on Plant Species Composition and Diversity
4 Conclusions and Perspectives
Appendix: List of All Tree Species Found in Each Site in Ulaya Mbuyuni Fallow and Forest Reserves
References
Untitled
Impact of Plant Health on Global Food Security: A Holistic View
1 Plant Health for Agriculture Productivity and Food Security
2 Post-Harvest Losses on Food Security
3 Challenges Associated with Achieving Plant Health and Food Security
4 Integrated Plant Health Management Approach
5 Case Study: 1 Rice Ecosystem and Pest Management
6 Plant Health Detection and Monitoring Tools
7 Morphological Detection Methods
8 Molecular Detection Techniques
9 Nucleic Acid-Based Detection
10 Genetic Engineering Approaches
10.1 Synthetic Biology
11 Imaging Techniques
11.1 Thermography
11.2 Fluorescent Imaging
11.3 Hyperspectral Imaging
11.4 Nano-sensors
12 Spectroscopic Techniques
12.1 Raman Spectroscopy
12.2 X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectrometry
12.3 Mass Spectrometry
13 Combination Approaches
14 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Agriculture
15 Electronic Nose (e-Nose) in Agriculture
16 Conclusion
References
Crop Diversification as a Measure of Sustainable Agriculture and Production Growth
1 Introduction
2 Study Areas
3 Why Crop Diversification?
4 Objectives
5 Database and Methodology
6 Extent of Crop Diversification (2000–2001 and 2014–2015)
6.1 High Crop Diversification Region
6.2 Medium Crop Diversification Region
6.3 Low Crop Diversification Region
7 Spatial Analysis of Crop Diversification (2000–2001 to 2014–2015)
8 Status of Crop Production (2000–2001 to 2014–2015)
9 Crop Diversification and Production Growth
10 Conclusion
Appendixes
Appendix A: Block-Wise Index of Crop Diversification (ICD) and Production of Major Crops in Uttar Dinajpur District, 2000–2001
Appendix B: Block-Wise Index of Crop Diversification (ICD) and Production of Major Crops in Uttar Dinajpur District, 2014–2015
Appendix C: Block-Wise Index of Crop Diversification (ICD) and Production of Major Crops in Dakshin Dinajpur District, 2000–2001
Appendix D: Block-Wise Index of Crop Diversification (ICD) and Production of Major Crops in Dakshin Dinajpur District, 2014–2015
References
Part II: Water, Environment and Agriculture Sustainability
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Built-Up Area Expansion on Agricultural Land in Mousuni Island of Indian Sundarban Region
1 Introduction
2 Study Area and Database
3 Methods
3.1 Pre-processing of Images
3.2 Image Classification
3.3 Accuracy Assessment
3.4 Spatial Dynamics, Trends and Rates of Built-Up Expansions
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Accuracy Assessment of LULC Maps
4.2 Detecting Changes
4.3 Submergence of Agricultural Lands into Built-Up Area
4.4 Spatial Trends of Change of Built-Up Areas
5 Conclusion
References
Levels of Agriculture Development and Crop Diversification: A District-Wise Panel Data Analysis in West Bengal
1 Introduction
2 Result and Discussions
References
Engineering Interventions to Mitigate the Agricultural Waste in India
1 Introduction
2 Technologies Developed for Agro-Waste Management
2.1 Paddy Straw-Based Biogas Plant
2.2 Kitchen Waste-Based Prefab Balloon Digester
2.3 Modified Janata Biogas Plant
2.4 Non-electric Pyrolysis Unit
2.5 Efficient Combustion System
2.6 Pyrolysis Reactor
2.7 Fast Pyrolysis Setup
2.8 Modified Fixed Dome Large-Capacity Biogas Plant
2.9 Biodegradation Technology for College Campus Waste
2.10 Bio-Methanation System for Fruits and Vegetable Waste
2.11 NRRI Chaff and Husk Stove
2.12 Organic Farming Using Beedi Leaf Waste
3 Innovative Technologies Trends Towards Agro-Waste Utilization
3.1 Agricultural Waste or Farm Waste Shredder
3.2 Straw Chopper-Cum-Spreader
3.3 Super Straw Management System (SMS)
3.4 Efficient Liquid Manure Application (EMA) Technologies
3.5 Agro-Waste for Sustainable Construction Materials
3.6 Bioplastics from Agro-Wastes
4 Conclusion
References
The Study of Red Onion (Allium cepa) on Growth and Yield Parameters in Response to Plant Spacing in Jaffna District, Sri Lanka
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Effects of Different Spacing on the Growth Parameters of Red Onion
3.1.1 Plant Height
3.1.2 Number of Leaves
3.2 Effects of Different Spacing on the Yield Parameters of Red Onion
4 Conclusions
References
Soil Potential Erosion Risk Calculation Assessment Using Geospatial Technique in Keonjhar District, Odisha, India
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Different Mode and Parameters for RUSLE
4 Slope Length (L) and Slope Steepness (S) Factor
5 Soil Erodibility Factor (k factor)
6 Land Cover and Crop Management Factor (C factor)
7 The Support Practice Factor (P factor)
8 The Runoff Erosivity Factor (R factor)
9 Results
10 Conclusions
References
Part III: Agriculture Sustainability and Sustainable Development and Environmental Management
Organic Farming Sector of India – A Statistical Review and Recommendations
1 Introduction
2 Objectives
3 Materials Used and Method of Approach
4 Overview of International Scenario of Organic Farming Sector
5 Organic Farming: National Scenario
5.1 Organic Farming: Key Initiatives and Major Milestones of Government of India
5.2 Organic Farming: Government of India Accreditation Boards
6 Status of Using Information Technology (IT) and Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES) in Organic Farming Sector of India
7 Research Gaps in Information Technology in Organic Farming Sector of India
8 Analytics in Organic Farming Industry
9 Key Data Mining of Organic Farming Sector of India
10 Analysis of Land-Related Key Indicators of Organic Farming Sector of India
11 Analysis of Key Indicators Related to Human Groups of Organic Farming Sector of India
12 Status of Major Market-Related Key Indicators of Organic Farming Sector of India
13 Analysis of Key Indicators of Organic Farming Sector of India
14 Need and Significance of Geo-Spatial Analytics in Organic Farming
15 Grand Analytical Challenges of Organic Farming Sector of India and Need of Developing Advanced Research Models
16 Recommendations and Conclusion
References
Journals
Books and Chapters
Proceedings and Conference Papers
Online publications
Dissertation
Online database/Web References
The Agrarian Vision: Sustainability and Environmental Ethics Via, Good Agricultural Practices (Gap)
1 Introduction
2 Sustainable Agricultural Development
2.1 Concepts of Sustainable Agriculture Development and the Environment Pollution
2.2 Eco-capacity Principle
2.3 Eco-equity Principle
3 Good Agricultural Practices (Gap)
3.1 Framework for Good Agricultural Practices
4 Summary and Conclusion
References
Soil Community Composition and Ecosystem Processes
1 Introduction
2 Soil Organisms and Interlinkages Between Them
3 Ecosystem Services Provided by Soil and Soil Organisms
3.1 Regulating Services
3.1.1 Climate Regulation
3.1.2 Water Purification
3.1.3 Disease and Pest Control
3.1.4 Biodegradation of Organic Waste
3.2 Supporting Services
3.3 Provisioning Services
4 Anthropogenic Activities Affecting Soil Community and Processes
4.1 Soil Pollutants
4.1.1 Heavy Metals
4.1.2 Antibiotics
4.1.3 Agrochemicals
4.2 Intensive Agricultural Practices
4.3 Desertification
5 Practices to Manage Soil and Achieve Optimum Functionality of Soil Community
5.1 Managing Soil Nutrients
5.2 Tillage Practices
5.3 Biological Pest Management
6 Conclusion
References
Household Access to Actual Food Intake and Fertility Level of Muslim Population: A Study from Rural West Bengal
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Database and Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion
References
Livelihood, Food Security, and Sustainability in Murshidabad District
1 Introduction
2 Data and Methods
3 Rationale of the Study Area
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Livelihood Sustainability and Food Security
4.2 Accumulating Stage of Livelihood Sustainability and Food Security
4.3 Adapting Stage of Livelihood Sustainability and Food Security
4.4 Coping Stage of Livelihood Sustainability and Food Security
4.5 Surviving Stage of Livelihood Sustainability and Food Security
5 Conclusions
References
Index