Agricultural Bioeconomy: Innovation and Foresight in the Post-COVID Era

Front Cover
Agricultural Bioeconomy: Innovation and Foresight in the Post-COVID Era
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Contributors
Author note
Preface
Acknowledgments
Chapter 1: Sustainable agro-bioeconomy after Covid-19: Nineteen utopian and dystopian scenarios for the world and&spi
1. Introduction
2. Covid-19 and sustainable agro-bioeconomy
2.1. Covid-19 pandemic process
2.2. Sustainable agro-bioeconomy: Basic concepts
2.2.1. Sustainability
2.2.2. Agriculture 4.0
2.2.3. Bioeconomy
2.2.4. Agro-bioeconomy
2.2.5. Sustainable agricultural bioeconomy
2.3. Relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic and sustainable agro-bioeconomy
3. Scenarios for agro-bioeconomy after Covid-19
3.1. Utopian scenarios for the world and Turkey
3.1.1. Scenario 1. The Covid-19 process has changed the working life and opened the door to increase in biotech value add ...
3.1.2. Scenario 2. Robotic biotech will enter the agriculture sector more and more for the food supply chain
3.1.3. Scenario 3. Contemporary countries have to focus on ``green budgets´´ that protect nature and improve agriculture
3.1.4. Scenario 4. After the Covid-19 epidemic, there is a need for ``global agro-bioeconomic diplomacy´´ on the basis of ...
3.1.5. Scenario 5. The foundations of ``agro-bioeconomic citizenship´´ can be laid with good global governance
3.1.6. Scenario 6. Bioeconomy could play a potential role in the growth of the collective food sector based on planning a ...
3.1.7. Scenario 7. The world is entering an era that will reduce the need for child labor, especially in the agricultural ...
3.1.8. Scenario 8. Neoliberalism may not be a threat if bioeconomy is supra-ideologies
3.1.9. Scenario 9. If every country opens its agricultural bioeconomy sector to tourism, both agriculture and tourism sec ...
3.1.10. Scenario 10. Provided that not only the new coronavirus vaccine is invented, but all people are vaccinated in equ ...
3.2. Dystopic scenarios for the world and Turkey
3.2.1. Scenario 11. Governments can introduce new corona tax in every country affected by the Covid-19 pandemic
3.2.2. Scenario 12. Migration waves may increase from places where agricultural production and food are scarce to places ...
3.2.3. Scenario 13. ``Pandession!´´ If the pandemic spreads over many years, agricultural production will decrease and co ...
3.2.4. Scenario 14. The pandemic is reflected in negative externalities such as environmental pollution
3.2.5. Scenario 15. Asymmetric information and alternative costs increase with the pandemic
3.2.6. Scenario 16. Climate change called global warming (for some, global cooling) continues to disrupt the agricultural ...
3.2.7. Scenario 17. In the established global order, most natural resource-rich countries will remain poor
3.2.8. Scenario 18. The globesite problem frightens humanity, moving from farm to fork
3.2.9. Scenario 19. A new but creepy branch of science that is called ``Corona+Economics´´ is developing
3.3. Validity and sustainability of the scenarios
3.3.1. Selected data of the world's current food order
4. Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Organic systems under major changes-A deep crisis in the management of the organic world of o
1. Introduction and approach
2. Results and discussion
3. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgment
References
Chapter 3: Universal access to vaccines in post-COVID bioeconomy: Redesign for variants of concern and patent
1. Introduction
2. Universal access to vaccines and pandemic preparedness: Conceptual framework
3. COVID-19 vaccines: Global distribution and related variants
4. SARS-CoV-2 variants and genomic vaccines: Overview
5. BRICS vaccines: Development and production capacity
6. DNA and RNA vaccines in clinical trials: Patent landscape
6.1. DNA vaccines in clinical trials
6.2. RNA vaccines in clinical trials
7. Discussion
8. Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: Peptide production by molecular farming with antiviral effects
1. Introduction
2. Molecular farming for production drugs and vaccines
3. Antimicrobial peptide and antiviral effects
4. Peptide heterologous expression host systems
5. Peptide production in plants
6. Purification of recombinant antimicrobial peptides
7. Challenges of using peptides in treatment
8. Peptide-based drugs
9. Conclusion
References
Chapter 5: An assessment of smallholder farmers status in Umzinyathi and Harry Gwala districts of Kwazulu Nat
1. Introduction
1.1. Theoretical background
2. Methodology
2.1. Study area
2.2. Study design
2.3. Sampling procedure and analytical technique
2.4. Correlation analysis among variables
3. Results and discussion
4. Conclusion and recommendations
1IntroductionGlobally, smallholder farmers produce about 70% of our food, but individually they are often faced with co
References
Chapter 6: Using geospatial technologies to manage COVID-19
1. Introduction
2. Principal sensors, characteristics and applications
3. COVID-19: Impact assessments with insights from satellite data
3.1. Industrial impacts
3.2. Manufacturing: Monitoring changes in production
3.3. Shipping: Monitoring changes in port and airport activities
4. Remote sensing as a tool to survey endemic diseases
4.1. Satellite-based positioning and navigation technology
4.2. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for large-scale disinfection
4.3. Satellite remote sensing and earth observation
4.4. Artificial intelligence-driven satellite for a geographic information system-based health mapping
4.5. Dissemination of public health information
5. Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Potential constraint of rainfall availability on the establishment and expansion of agroforestry in t
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study area
2.1.1. Sinawo Forestry Enterprise
2.1.2. Mkambathi Forestry Enterprise
2.1.3. Izinini Forestry Enterprise
2.1.4. Gqukunqa Forestry Enterprise
2.1.5. Sixhotyeni Forestry Enterprise
2.1.6. Lusikisiki Forestry Enterprise
2.2. Research approach
2.3. Sampling method
2.4. Data analysis
2.4.1. The following approach was used to determine average monthly rainfall (Malherbe and Tackrah, 2003)
2.4.2. The following approach was used to determine soil types (ARC-SCW, 2017)
2.4.3. The following model was used to determine average monthly temperature (Malherbe and Tackrah, 2003)
2.4.4. The following model was used to determine soil drainage (ARC-SCW, 2017)
3. Results and discussions
3.1. Soil conditions
3.2. Rainfall availability
4. Conclusion and recommendations
Declaration statement
Declaration statement
References
Chapter 8: Agricultural biotechnology in Bangladesh: The way forward
1. Introduction
2. Agriculture in Bangladesh
3. Adopting agricultural biotechnology for circular bioeconomy
4. Recent breakthroughs in the cultivation of GM crops in Bangladesh
4.1. Vegetables
4.1.1. Eggplant
4.1.2. Potato
4.2. Rice
4.3. Cotton
5. Genome editing as an emerging technology for the agricultural improvement in Bangladesh
6. The regulatory framework for GMOs adoption in Bangladesh
7. Consumer acceptance and future regulation of new breeding technologies in Bangladesh
8. Conclusions
References
Chapter 9: Strategic tropical natural resources management and household socio-economic resilience due to the Covid-19
1. Introduction
2. The effects of Covid 19 pandemic: From global to households
2.1. The impact on agricultural production and income generation
2.2. The impact on household food security
2.3. The impact socio-economic activities
2.4. The impact prices of agricultural products and households
2.5. The impact on forest and environmental
3. Covid-19: Disruption on socio-economic and nature
4. Innovation: A new paradigm of knowledge-based development in Covid-19 era
5. Integrated bio-cycles farming system in post Covid-19 era: The next level
6. Household social economic resilience in Covid-19 era
7. Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: The healing and bioeconomic prospect of tropical ecosystems due to the Covid-19 pandemic
1. Introduction
2. Covid-19 and La-Nina phenomenon in Indonesia
3. The healing of tropical ecosystem in Indonesia
3.1. The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on air quality index (AQI)
3.2. The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the terrestrial environment
3.3. The effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on the marine environment
4. Bio-economy of nature-based resources management
5. Agricultural supply chain management
6. Precision and smart agriculture
7. Conclusions
References
Further reading
Chapter 11: Towards the fifth innovation era in agricultural innovation
1. Introduction
2. Challenges of world agriculture
2.1. Challenge 1: Increasing population
2.2. Challenge 2: New food habits
2.3. Challenge 3: Protectionism and domestic preparation
2.4. Challenge 4: Protecting biodiversity
2.5. Challenge 5: Fossil-free energy and products
2.6. Challenge 6: More energy independence
2.7. Challenge 7: Arable land sealed for future agricultural use
2.8. Challenge 8: Lack of trust in the food safety
2.9. Challenge 9: Big preharvest losses: pests, weeds and insects
2.10. Challenge 10: Climate changes that causes new prerequisites for crops
2.11. Challenge 11: Farm animal diseases
2.12. Challenge 12: Lack of manpower
2.13. Challenge 13: Finite resource of phosphorus
2.14. Challenge 14: Security issues
2.15. Challenge 15: Lack of infrastructure for communication
2.16. Challenge 16: Soil fertility
2.17. Challenge 17: Food waste
2.18. Challenge 18: Animal welfare
2.19. Challenge 19: The need to decrease the use of antibiotics in the animal production
2.20. Challenge 20: Coping with disruptive X factors
3. Challenges as drivers of innovation
4. Historic reflections: The first four innovation eras
4.1. The first innovation era (approximately 10,000 B.C. to 1750 A.D.)
4.2. The second innovation era (approximately 1750-1900)
4.3. The third innovation era (approximately 1900-2000)
4.4. The fourth innovation era (approximately 2000-today)
5. The new fifth innovation era starting now
5.1. New crop and cultivation concepts
5.2. Field robotics
5.3. Fossil-free energy and products
5.4. Smart connected systems
5.5. Animal welfare technology systems
6. Enablers and disablers in the fifth innovation era
7. Conclusion
References
Further reading
Chapter 12: The role of collaboration and entrepreneurship in strengthening the participation of primary producer
1. Introduction and overview
2. Methodology
2.1. Overview
2.2. Constitution of the Corpus of analysis and descriptive analysis
3. Results
3.1. Results of the literature review
3.2. Initiatives in the European bioeconomy and case studies of new business opportunities through cooperation
4. Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 13: Biofuel co-products for livestock feed
1. Introduction
2. Structure of the chapter
3. Biofuel for a sustainable market
3.1. Feedstock for the first generation biofuel: Multifunctional (annual) crops
3.2. Feedstock for the second generation biofuel: Perennial grasses and agricultural residues
3.2.1. Perennial grass
3.2.2. Agricultural/forestry residues
3.3. Feedstock for the third generation biofuel: Microalgae
3.4. General overview of biofuel production from biomass and related value added co-products
4. Biofuel co-products for livestock feed
4.1. Background
4.2. Livestock feed potential
4.3. Livestock feed market and related policies
4.4. Environmental impact of GHG emission and directives for a sustainability challenge
5. Conclusions and future market trends
References
Chapter 14: Education and training in agriculture and the Bioeconomy: Learning from each other
1. Introduction
2. Bioeconomy education needs and approaches
2.1. Educational needs
2.2. Education levels
2.3. Digitalization
2.4. Contents, competencies and skills
2.5. Students
3. Agricultural education and the epistemology of inter- and trans-disciplinarity
3.1. New gaps in agricultural education
3.2. Finding coral solutions in the complexity
4. Transforming the AKIS framework toward collaborative learning and innovation: Can we extend it further to cover Bioeconomy
4.1. AKIS in a nutshell
4.2. Transformation of the AKIS to date: Toward integration and collaboration
4.3. Proposals for a further transformation of the AKIS: From a sectoral approach to a wider perspective of Bioeconomy
5. Discussion: Lessons learnt and the way forward
6. Concluding remarks
References
Further reading
Chapter 15: Urban agriculture and agro-environment: A case study of homestead food gardeners in the City of Ts
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Study area
2.2. Study design
2.3. Sampling procedure and analytical technique
3. Results and discussion
3.1. Land and crop suitability
3.2. Homestead food gardeners socio-economic characteristics
3.3. Homestead food garden initiative
3.4. Homestead food gardeners natural resource management
3.4.1. Selected homestead food gardeners pictures in the field
3.5. Correlations among variables
4. Conclusions and recommendations
Declaration statement
Declaration statement
References
Index
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