Agricultural biocatalysis is of immense scientific interest nowadays owing to its increasing importance in the efforts for more sustainable agriculture while optimizing environmental impacts. Plant compatibility is essential for developing eco-friendly and sustainable microbial products. Therefore, our search for novel technologies ought to be in the foreground, for which a thorough understanding of biochemical processes, applications of agricultural enzymes, traits, and viruses should get the highest priority.
Volumes 8 to 10 in this series compile the recent research on agricultural biocatalysis by interdisciplinary teams from international institutes for chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology, and materials and chemical engineering, who have been investigating agricultural-biocatalytic topics related to biochemical conversions or bioremediation, and modern biological and chemical applications exemplified by the use of selected and highly innovative agricultural enzymes, traits, and viruses. The editors are prominent researchers in agrochemistry and theoretical biophysical chemistry, and these three volumes are useful references for the students and researchers in the fields of agrochemistry, biochemistry, biology, biophysical chemistry, natural product chemistry, materials, and drug design. Volume 8 covers the research on biosynthesis, biocatalysis, and photosynthesis aspects for use in agrochemistry, including nano-biocatalytic processing, atrazine toxicity, and theoretical studies in biocatalysis and biological processes.
Author(s): Peter Jeschke, Evgeni B. Starikov
Series: Jenny Stanford Series on Biocatalysis, 8
Publisher: Jenny Stanford Publishing
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 364
City: Singapore
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Preface
Section 1: Theoretical Studies and Photosynthesis Aspects
Chapter 1: Theoretical Studies in Biocatalysis: Some Historical and Methodological Remarks
1.1: History and Methodology of Biocatalysis
1.2: What Is the Zest of Fajans’ Quanticule Theory?
1.2.1: The Current Views
1.2.2: Scope of the Quanticule Theory of Molecular Structure
1.3: What Are the Difficulties in Accepting Fajans’ Quanticule Theory?
1.4: What Is the Actual Situation in the Current Theoretical Biophysics?
1.5: Is the Logics of Quantum Mechanics at Least Somewhat Special Indeed?
1.6: Periplanetae Brunneae in General Philosophy and Methodology in Particular
1.7: Nadine Dobrovolskaïa-Zavadskaïa
1.8: A Possible Theoretical Approach to Start Looking for Effective Anti-Viral Medicaments, on the Actual Example of COVID-19
1.9: Conclusion: What Is the Zest of Using Thermodynamics in Biophysics?
1.10: The Problems of Evolution in the Light of Biology and Thermodynamics
Chapter 2: Temperature Dependence of Biological Processes: Theory and Applications
2.1: Development of Temperature Dependence Functions in Chemical Reactions
2.1.1: Collision Theory
2.1.2: Transition State Theory
2.1.3: Curvature in Temperature Response Curve
2.2: Applications to Plant and Soil Respiration
2.2.1: Short-Term Temperature Dependence of Plant Leaf Respiration
2.2.2: Temperature Dependence of Soil Respiration
2.2.2.1: Carbon quality
2.2.2.2: Substrate accessibility
2.2.2.3: A note on thermal acclimation
2.3: Concluding Remarks
Chapter 3: Agricultural Biocatalysis: From Waste Stream to Food and Feed Additives
3.1: Introduction
3.2: Agricultural Waste Streams
3.2.1: Straw
3.2.2: Wheat Bran
3.2.3: Other Potential Substrates
3.2.4: Hydrolysis
3.2.4.1: Chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis
3.2.5: Hydrolytic Enzymes
3.2.5.1: Cellulases
3.2.5.2: Hemicellulases
3.2.6: Lignin-Degrading Enzymes
3.3: Industrial Production of Fungal Enzymes
3.3.1: Production of Oxidative Enzymes
3.3.2: Industrial Application of Fungal Enzyme Production
3.3.2.1: Hydrolysate as a media component
3.4: Amino Acids
3.4.1: Functions and Applications of L-Cysteine
3.4.2: Production Methods of L-Cysteine
3.4.2.1: Extraction from keratin hydrolysates
3.4.2.2: Enzymatic bioconversion
3.4.2.3: Fermentation
3.5: Carotenoids
3.5.1: Carotenoids in Plants
3.5.2: Carotenoids in Animals
3.5.3: Isoprenoids as Precursors for Carotenoid Synthesis
3.5.4: Carotenoid Biosynthesis
3.5.5: Commercial Importance of Carotenoids
3.5.5.1: β-Carotene and astaxanthin
3.6: Future Perspectives
3.6.1: Carotenoid-Based Crop Protection and AOs for Aviation
3.6.2: Tailored Enzyme Mixture for More Efficient Hydrolysis of Waste Streams
3.7: Summary
Chapter 4: Nanobiocatalytic Processing of Sargassum Seaweed Waste
4.1: Introduction
4.2: Phylogenetic Diversity of Alginate Lyase-Producing Bacteria
4.3: Methods for Preparation of Alginate Lyase Nanobiocatalyst
4.3.1: Extraction of Alginate Lyase
4.3.2: Preparation of Chitosan Nanoparticle-Immobilized Alginate Lyase
4.3.3: Assay of Alginate Lyase
4.4: Methods for Assessment of Characteristics of Alginate Lyase Biocatalyst
4.4.1: Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
4.4.2: Influence of pH on Alginate Lyase Activity and Stability
4.4.3: Influence of Temperature on Alginate Lyase Activity and Stability
4.4.4: Effect of Sodium Chloride on Alginate Lyase Activity
4.4.5: Kinetic Parameters of Free and Immobilized Alginate Lyase
4.4.6: Influence of Metal Ions and Inhibitors on Free and Immobilized Alginate Lyase Activity
4.4.7: Reusability of Immobilized Alginate Lyase
4.5: Characteristics of Alginate Lyase Nanobiocatalyst
4.5.1: FTIR Analysis
4.5.2: Optimal Range of pH
4.5.3: Optimal Range of Temperature and Thermodynamic Parameters of Catalysis
4.5.4: Thermal Stability
4.5.5: Optimal Range of Sodium Chloride
4.5.6: Impact of Metal Ions and Inhibitors
4.5.7: Kinetic Parameters
4.5.8: Reusability
4.6: Conclusions
Section 2: Photosynthesis
Chapter 5: No Alternatives to Photosynthesis: From Molecules to Nanostructures
5.1: Introduction
5.2: Chlorophylls Are Optimized for Efficient Light Energy Conversion
5.3: Primary Site of Light-Energy Conversion into Chemical Energy Is RC Protein
5.3.1: Energetic Requirement of Charge Separation and Stabilization
5.3.2: Vectorial Electron Transport in RCs
5.3.3: RC Photocycle
5.4: Special Membrane Organization Does Couple RC Photochemistry to Metabolic Pathways
5.5: Photosynthetic Systems in Bio-Nanotechnology
5.5.1: Entire Photosynthetic Organisms in Bio-Nanotechnology
5.5.2: Proteoliposomes as Nanosystems Mimicking In vivo Membrane Organizations
5.5.3: Nano-Hybrid Systems for Innovative Applications
5.5.3.1: Photosynthetic RCs in optoelectronics
5.5.3.2: Photocurrent generation by photosynthetic RCs
5.5.3.3: RC biosensors
5.6: Summary
Chapter 6: Natural and Synthetic Inhibitors of Photosynthesis Light Reactions
6.1: Introduction
6.2: A Brief Description of Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
6.3: Natural Compounds as Photosynthetic Inhibitors
Chapter 7: Atrazine Toxicity: Modification of Enzymatic Processes and Photosynthesis in Plants
7.1: Introduction
7.2: Lethal Concentrations of Atrazine
7.3: Modifications of Enzymatic Activities in Plants Due to Atrazine
7.4: Physiological Responses in Plants Due to Atrazine
7.5: Oxidative Stress due to Atrazine Toxicity
7.6: Antioxidant Enzyme Activity due to Atrazine Toxicity
7.7: Conclusion
Section 3: Biosynthesis
Chapter 8: Biosynthesis of Glycine Betaine and Dimethylsulfoniopropionate in Photosynthetic Organisms and Their Applications in Agriculture
8.1: Introduction
8.2: Compatible Solutes
8.3: General Aspects of Plant Salt Stress
8.4: Molecular Properties of GB and DMSP
8.5: GB Biosynthesis in Higher Plants
8.6: GB Biosynthesis in Cyanobacteria
8.7: GB Biosynthesis in Algae
8.8: DMSP Biosynthesis in Plants
8.9: DMSP Biosynthesis in Algae
8.10: Agriculture Application
8.10.1: Translocation of GB in Plants
8.10.2: Exogenous Application for Crop Production
8.10.3: Genetic Engineering of GB in Plants
8.11: Summary and Future Prospects
Index
