Africa and Sustainable Global Value Chains

Foreword
References
Editorial: Africa and Sustainable Global Value Chains
Introduction
Background
Motivation
Book Structure
Part I: Why Engage in GVC Sustainability Within Africa?
Part II: Why Should African Suppliers Care?
Part III: What Can African Suppliers Do to Engage in GVC Sustainability?
Part IV: What Can Buyer Firms Do to Encourage Sustainability in African GVCs?
Further Introductory Reflections
References
Contents
Part I: Why Engage in GVC Sustainability Within Africa?
Chapter 1: Maatian Philosophy, Sustainability, and Global Value Chains
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Maatian Philosophy
1.2.1 Meaning of Maat
1.2.2 Dimensions of Maatian Philosophy
1.3 Maatian Philosophy and Sustainability
1.3.1 Concept of Sustainability
1.3.2 Maatian Philosophy of Sustainability
1.4 Maatian Philosophy and Global Value Chains
1.4.1 Ancient Global Value Chains
1.4.2 Modern Global Value Chains
1.4.3 Maatian Philosophy and Global Value Chains
1.5 Maatian Philosophy and Sustainable Global Value Chains
1.6 Societal Welfare
1.7 Discussion
References
Chapter 2: Sustainable Performance of Large African Firms in Global Value Chains
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Research Objectives and Methodology
2.3 Descriptive Analysis
2.4 Category Identification
2.4.1 Drivers
2.4.2 Barriers
2.4.3 Outcomes
2.5 Discussion and Research Implications
2.5.1 Drivers
2.5.2 Barriers
2.5.3 Outcomes
2.5.4 Overall Framework Discussion
2.6 Implications for Practice
2.7 Conclusion and Further Research
References
Chapter 3: Sustainability for Global Value Chains: A Bibliometric Review on African-Based Studies
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Methodology
3.2.1 Research Keywords
3.2.2 Software Used
3.3 Bibliometric Analysis
3.3.1 Chronological Evolution of Literature
3.3.2 Influential Authors
3.3.3 Affiliation Statistics
3.3.4 Leading Journals
3.3.5 Keywords and Title Words: Analysis
3.4 Network Analysis
3.4.1 Co-author Analysis
3.4.2 Keyword Mapping
3.4.3 Citation Analysis
3.4.4 Co-citation Analysis
3.4.5 Content Analysis
3.4.5.1 Research Methodology Applied
3.4.5.2 Classification of Publications by Country
3.4.5.3 Topical Areas of Research
3.5 Conclusion
Appendix: Classification of African-based GVC sustainability publications
References
Chapter 4: Embodied Land Resources Trade in Major African Countries: A Global Trade and Supply Chains Perspective
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Literature Review
4.3 Method and Data Sources
4.3.1 Multi-regional Input-Output Analysis
4.3.2 Data Sources
4.4 Results
4.4.1 Virtual Land and Economic Status Across the Global Supply Chain
4.4.2 Cost-Benefit Analysis of International Resource Trade of African Countries
4.5 Discussion
4.5.1 The Situation Between the Gulf States and African Countries
4.5.2 The Situation Between EU and African Countries
4.6 Policy Implications
4.7 Conclusion
References
Part II: Why Should African Suppliers Care?
Chapter 5: Developing Sustainability Conscientious African Producers: Insights from Nigeria
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Globalization and Global Value Chains (GVCs)
5.2.1 GVC Framework
5.3 Sustainability Upgrading and GVCs
5.3.1 Agricultural Value Chain
5.4 Method
5.4.1 Participants, Setting, and Data Collection and Analysis
5.5 Findings and Discussion
5.5.1 Backward Integration
5.5.2 Accountability
5.5.3 Stakeholder Engagement and Government Involvement
5.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Evaluating the Barriers to Adopting Sustainable Agriculture Practices in Smallholder Coffee Farming: Implications f...
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 The Coffee Industry in Kenya
6.1.2 The Coffee Global Value Chain: An Overview
6.1.3 Sustainability in Agriculture
6.2 Barriers and Challenges to the Adoption of SAPs
6.3 Methods
6.3.1 The Survey Instrument and Sampling Process
6.4 Results and Discussion
6.4.1 Descriptive Analysis
6.4.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis
6.5 Conclusions and Implications for GVCs
References
Chapter 7: Multi-national Buyer Firms´ Sustainability Requirements in a Developing Economy: An Explorative Study of Zambian Co...
7.1 An Introduction to Global Value Chains
7.2 Research Context: Mining Industry in Zambia
7.3 Literature Review
7.3.1 Sustainability in GVCs
7.3.2 Sustainability Requirements
7.3.3 Stakeholder Theory and Sustainability Requirements
7.4 Methodology
7.4.1 Research Design
7.4.2 Data Collection
7.5 Results and Findings
7.5.1 How Zambian Contractors and Suppliers Interpret Sustainability Requirements
7.5.2 How Zambian Contractors and Suppliers Integrate Sustainability Requirements
7.5.3 How Zambian Contractors and Suppliers Implement Sustainability Requirements
7.5.3.1 Multi-national Buyer Firms´ Sustainability Requirements Incorporated by Zambian Contractors and Suppliers
7.5.4 Challenges in Implementing Multi-national Buyer Firms´ Sustainability Requirement
7.5.4.1 Late and Delayed Payments by Multi-national Buyer Firms
7.5.4.2 Buyer Firms Focus on Low Price During Tendering
7.5.4.3 Lack of Government Support
7.5.5 How Multi-national Buyer Firms´ Requirements Include and Exclude Zambian Contractors and Suppliers
7.5.5.1 Inclusion of Some Zambian Contractors and Suppliers
7.5.5.2 Exclusion of Some Zambian Contractors and Suppliers
7.5.5.3 Factors That Lead to Exclusion
7.6 Discussion and Conclusion
Appendix 1: Interview Guide
References
Part III: What Can African Suppliers Do to Engage in GVC Sustainability?
Chapter 8: Global Agricultural Value Chains: The Case of Yam Export from Nigeria
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Literature Review
8.2.1 The Global Value Chain
8.2.2 Sub-Saharan African Agricultural Exports and Quality Conventions
8.2.3 Quality Conventions
8.2.4 Overall Business Environment
8.3 Research Questions
8.3.1 Research Design and Method
8.3.2 Sample Selection
8.3.3 Data Gathering
8.3.4 Data Analysis
8.4 Results
8.4.1 Diversification of the Economy
8.4.2 Lack of Collaboration and Coordination
8.4.3 Lack of Good Road Network
8.4.4 Quality Assurance
8.4.5 Discussion on the Barriers
8.4.5.1 Yam Productivity: Farming Stage
8.4.5.2 Comparison with Ghana´s Yam Sectoral Strategy
8.4.5.3 Discussion on Comparison of Ghana and Nigeria Yam Development Strategy
8.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 9: Sustainability in Ethiopian Textile and Apparel Supply Chains
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Textile and Apparel Supply Chains
9.3 The Textile and Apparel Industry in Ethiopia
9.3.1 Ethiopia as a Cotton Producer
9.3.2 Cotton Ginneries and Spinnings
9.3.3 Yarn and Fabric Manufacturing
9.3.4 Apparel Processes
9.3.5 Summarized Data on the Textile & Apparel Sector in Ethiopia
9.4 Sustainability of Ethiopian Textile and Apparel Supply Chains
9.4.1 Social Sustainability
9.4.2 Environmental Sustainability
9.4.3 Customer Requirements and Governmental Initiatives
9.5 SWOT Analysis and Recommendations
9.5.1 Strengths
9.5.2 Weaknesses
9.5.3 Opportunities
9.5.4 Threats
9.5.5 Resulting Recommendations
9.6 Concluding Remarks
References
Chapter 10: Sustainability of the Handicraft Sector in Ghana
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Global Market Trends
10.1.2 Research Problem
10.2 Literature Review
10.3 Methodology
10.4 Results
10.4.1 Impact of Firm´s Operational Characteristics on Financial Sustainability
10.4.2 Impact of Access to Finance on Financial Sustainability
10.4.3 Impact of Promotional Tools on Financial Sustainability
10.5 Discussion of Research Findings
10.6 Summary and Conclusion
10.6.1 Recommendations
References
Chapter 11: From Localization to Globalization: Developing an Institutional Framework for the Handicrafts Clusters in Egypt
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Literature
11.2.1 Clusters
11.2.2 Clusters and Sustainability
11.2.2.1 Role of Government in Clusters
11.2.3 Clusters in Global Value Chains
11.2.4 Global Value Chains, Sustainable Development, and Handicrafts Sector
11.2.5 Handicrafts Clusters Within the Egyptian Context
11.2.5.1 The Egyptian Government´s Efforts in Cluster Development
11.2.5.2 Handicrafts Sector Initiatives Within the Egyptian Government
11.3 Methodology
11.4 Data Analysis and Findings
11.4.1 Institutional Challenges
11.4.2 Stakeholder Mapping
11.4.2.1 Governmental Entities
11.4.2.2 Semi-governmental Organizations
11.4.2.3 Private Organizations
11.4.2.4 Donor Organizations and International Organizations
11.4.3 Coordination Mechanisms Between Relevant Stakeholders
11.5 Discussion
11.5.1 Challenges Setting Back the Sector´s Global Competitiveness
11.5.2 Centralized Decision Making
11.5.3 Limited Support at the Local Level
11.5.4 Market Accessibility
11.5.5 Ensuring Fair Trade
11.5.6 Constricted Attention to Scarcity of Labor
11.6 Establishing a Framework for Streamlined Coordination and Implementation
11.7 Conclusion
References
Part IV: What Can Buyer Firms Do to Encourage Sustainability in African GVCs?
Chapter 12: The Impact of the EPA on West Africa: The Mediating Role of an Intra-African Trade Policy for Africa´s Sustainable...
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Prior Literature and Conceptual Overview
12.2.1 Economic Impacts of the EPA on West Africa
12.2.2 Principles of the EPA
12.2.2.1 Reciprocity
12.2.2.2 Regionalism
12.2.2.3 Special Treatment
12.2.3 Theoretical Framework
12.3 Research Approach
12.4 Findings and Discussion
12.4.1 Case of the West African Subregion
12.4.1.1 Trade Growth
12.4.1.2 Industrial Growth
12.4.2 Trade and Economic Growth Picture: West African vs. North African Subregions
12.4.3 Organizational Learning Perspective of ACP-EU FTA: The West African Sub-Region
12.4.4 The Mediating Role of an Intra-African Trade Policy
12.5 Conclusion and Policy Implications
References
Chapter 13: Governance Mechanisms Used by MNCs for Egypt´s Suppliers´ Sustainability Compliance
13.1 Introduction
13.1.1 Research Context: Food Industry in Egypt
13.2 Literature Review
13.2.1 Environmental Sustainability Compliance
13.2.2 Social Sustainability Compliance
13.2.3 Product Sustainability Compliance Versus Process Sustainability Compliance
13.2.4 Governance Mechanisms
13.2.5 Governance Mechanisms and Product Versus Process Sustainability Standards
13.2.6 Gaps in the Literature and Definition of Research Questions
13.3 Research Method
13.3.1 Case Selection
13.3.1.1 Data Collection and Analysis
13.3.2 Validity and Reliability
13.4 Findings and Results
13.4.1 How Do Different Governance Mechanisms Used by the MNC Extend the firm´s Sustainability Policy and Guidelines to Its Su...
13.4.2 How Do Multinationals Detect Their Suppliers´ Sustainability Compliance Using Product Versus Process Perspective? (RQ2)
13.4.2.1 Product
13.4.2.2 Process
13.5 Discussion and Conclusion
13.5.1 Limitations and Future Research
References
Chapter 14: Value Chain and Regulatory Governance: The Case of Arla Foods in Nigeria
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Global Value Chain Analysis and the Governance Triangle
14.3 The Milk Value Chain from a GVC Perspective
14.4 Methodology
14.5 Case Summary
14.6 Analysis
14.6.1 Arla´s Entry into Nigeria: Social Upgrading from Perspective of the Governance Triangle
14.6.2 The Milky Way to Development: Combining GVC and GT Approaches
14.7 Combining GVC Analysis and the GT Framework to Enhance Analytical Power
References
Index