Advances in Water Resource Planning and Sustainability

Contents
1 Remote Sensing in Water Resource Monitoring a Comprehensive Review on Monitoring the Quality and Quantity of the Water Resources Using Remote Sensing Applications
1.1 Introduction
1.2 History of Remote Sensing
1.3 Revolution of Remote Sensing and Its Application to the Water Resource Management
1.4 Surface Water Monitoring
1.5 Groundwater Monitoring
1.6 Water Quality Monitoring
1.7 Water Crisis and Consequences
1.8 Selected Countries and Development in Remote Sensing
1.9 Future Suggestions and Research Gap
1.10 Conclusion
References
2 Assessment of Vegetation Dynamics of Paddy Crop Using “TIMESAT” and Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques in Command Areas
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Study Area
2.3 Methodology
2.4 Data Processing
2.5 Result and Discussion
2.6 Conclusion
References
3 Assessment of River Water Dynamics and Optically Active Water Quality Parameters Over Punjab, Based on Cloud Computing Approach
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Study Area
3.3 Materials and Methodology
3.3.1 Field Data Collection
3.3.2 Remote Sensing Data Collections
3.4 Results and Discussion
3.4.1 Landsat Satellite Data Derived Different Facets of River Water Dynamics
3.4.2 Sentinel-2 Satellite Derived Optically Active Water Quality Parameters of River Water
3.5 Conclusion
References
4 Analysis of Land Use/Land Cover Change and Its Impact on 2021 Chiplun Flood, Maharashtra, India
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Study Area
4.3 Materials and Methods
4.4 Signature Creation
4.5 Results and Discussion
4.6 The Main Causal Factor of Flood in Chiplun City
4.7 Conclusions
References
5 Flood Disaster Hazards: A State-of-the-Art Review of Causes, Impacts, and Monitoring
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Floods
5.2.1 Causes of Flood
5.2.2 Types of Floods
5.3 Impact of Floods
5.4 Disaster Risk Awareness
5.5 Taxonomy of Disaster Management
5.5.1 Preparedness and Resilience Measures for Flooding Disasters
5.5.2 Strategies and Technologies for Improved Flood Disaster Management
5.5.3 Early Warning Systems
5.5.4 Methods for Preventing Flood Disasters
5.5.5 Flood Disaster Adaptation Strategies
5.5.6 Flood Disaster Management Monitoring, Assessment, and Management
5.5.7 Sustainable Flood Management
5.6 Technological Developments in Managing Flood Disasters
5.6.1 Disaster Management Using Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
5.6.2 Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT) for Managing Flood Disasters
5.6.3 Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Managing Flood Disasters
5.6.4 Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Managing Flood Disasters
5.7 Conclusion
References
6 Impact of Land Use Systems and Climate Change on Water Resources: Indian Perspectives
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Major Threats to Water Resources
6.3 Effects of Land Use and Climate Changes on Water Resources
6.4 Mitigation Measures and Sustainable Water Management Practices
6.5 Recommendations and Future Research Prospects
6.6 Conclusions
References
7 Seawater Intrusion Mapping Along Penneru River Delta Area, SPS Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh—A Case Study
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Study Area
7.3 Materials and Methods
7.4 Analytical Procedure
7.5 Spatial Interpolation Methods
7.6 Results and Discussion
7.7 Physical Parameters
7.7.1 PH
7.7.2 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)
7.7.3 Electrical Conductivity (EC)
7.7.4 Bicarbonate (HCO3)
7.7.5 Chloride (Cl−)
7.7.6 Calcium (Ca2+)
7.7.7 Magnesium (Mg2+)
7.7.8 Sulfate (SO42−)
7.7.9 Potassium (K+)
7.7.10 Total Hardness (TH)
7.8 Piper Trilinear Diagram
7.9 Common Indicators of SWI
7.9.1 Ca/Mg Ratio
7.9.2 Cl/(CO3 + HCO3) Ratio
7.9.3 Na/Cl Ratio
7.9.4 Seawater Mixing Index (SMI)
7.9.5 Integrated Groundwater Quality
7.9.6 Conclusion
References
8 Flood Detection and Flood Mapping Using Multi-temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar and Optical Data
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Flood and Flood Risk
8.1.2 Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Flood Monitoring
8.2 Study Area
8.3 Data Used
8.3.1 A Brief Detail of Sentinel-2A
8.4 Methodology
8.4.1 Flood Hazard Zonation Map
8.4.2 Pre-processing of Image
8.4.3 Flood Inundation Map
8.4.4 Pre-processing
8.4.5 Manual Thresholding and Water Delineation
8.5 Results and Discussions
8.5.1 Land Use/Land Cover
8.5.2 Flood Hazard Zone
8.5.3 Flood Inundation
8.6 Conclusion
References
9 Climate Change and Its Impact
9.1 Background
9.1.1 Surface Water and GroundWater Resources
9.2 Impacts of Climate Change
9.3 Impact of Rivers in Moderating the Climate of Nearby Regions
9.4 Impact of Climate Change on Rivers
9.5 Impacts on Regional and Global Community
9.6 Rising Sea Levels Due to Climate Change
9.7 Sustainable Development Goal (SDG):13—A Target on Climate Action
9.8 Climate Action: Executions by UN Environment Programme
9.9 Conclusions
References
10 Impact of Land Use Changes on Water Resource: Assessment Through Remote Sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Land Use
10.3 Water Resources
10.4 Impact of LULC Changes on Water Resources
10.5 Impact on Surface Water
10.6 Impact on Groundwater
10.7 Use of Remote Sensing for Assessment of the Impact of Land Use
10.7.1 Active Remote Sensing
10.7.2 Passive Remote Sensing
10.8 Conclusion
References
11 Vulnerability to Climate Change in Different Sectors of Lug Valley, Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Study Area
11.3 Methodology
11.3.1 Identification and Selection of Indicators
11.3.2 Data Collection
11.3.3 Quantifying, Normalization, Allocation of Weights, and Vulnerability Indices Estimation
11.4 Results and Discussions
11.5 Agricultural and Horticultural Vulnerability and Adaptive Measures
11.6 Water Resources and Mitigation Measure
11.7 Forest Resources Vulnerability and Adaptive Measure
11.8 Vulnerability Indices
11.9 Conclusion Suggestions and Recommendations
References
12 Assessment of Groundwater Level and Fluctuations Using Geospatial Techniques in Nambiyar Watershed, South India
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Study Area
12.3 Geology
12.4 Land Use/Land Cover
12.5 Rainfall
12.6 Soil Texture
12.7 Materials and Methods
12.8 Results and Discussions
12.9 Groundwater Utilisation Pattern
12.10 Spatial Pattern of Groundwater Level
12.11 Temporal Pattern of Groundwater Level
12.12 Conclusions
References
13 River Flood Monitoring and Management: A Review
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Flood Monitoring and Warning Systems
13.2.1 Classification of FMWS
13.2.2 There Are a Few Basic Categories into Which Alerts Are Divided
13.2.3 Typical Flood Warning System
13.3 The Most Recent Advancements in Image Processing for Managing Floods in a Post-disaster Situation
13.4 Flood Management
13.4.1 Using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing for Disaster Management
13.4.2 Big Data and the Internet of Things (IoT) for Managing Flood Disasters
13.4.3 Flood Management Using Machine Learning
13.4.4 Flood Management Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
13.4.5 Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Flood Management
13.5 Conclusion
References
14 Evaluation of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation-A Case Study of West Godavari District of Andhra Pradesh
14.1 Introduction
14.1.1 Study Area
14.2 Material and Methods
14.2.1 Analysis of Groundwater
14.2.2 Kelley’s Ratio
14.2.3 Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP)
14.2.4 Permeability Index
14.2.5 Statistical Analysis and Mapping
14.3 Results and Discussion
14.3.1 pH and Electrical Conductivity (EC)
14.3.2 Ionic Composition
14.3.3 Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR)
14.3.4 Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC)
14.3.5 Ionic Correlation Studies
14.3.6 Classification of Groundwater Class
14.4 Conclusion
References
15 Interactions of Hydrological Parameters and the Effects on Perennial Riverbanks of the Indo-Bhutan Region in Eastern Himalaya
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Study Area
15.3 Objective
15.4 Database and Methodology
15.4.1 Database
15.4.2 Methodology
15.4.3 Results and Discussion
15.5 Conclusion
15.6 Declaration
References
16 Ecosystem Services in the Riverine Landscapes
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Riverine Landscapes
16.3 Ecosystem Services of Riverine Landscapes
16.3.1 Provisioning Services
16.3.2 Regulating Services
16.3.3 Cultural Services
16.3.4 Supporting Services
16.4 Ecosystem Services of Different Elements of Riverine Landscapes
16.5 Assessment of Riverine Ecosystem Services
16.5.1 Approaches to Assess Ecosystem Services
16.5.2 Ecosystem Services Mapping and Modeling Tools
16.5.3 Significance of Ecosystem Services Assessment
16.6 Conclusion
References
17 Evaluation of Morphometric Analysis of Kharag River Basin, Odisha Using Geospatial Techniques
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Study Area
17.3 Materials and Methods
17.4 Results and Discussions
17.4.1 Linear Aspects
17.4.2 Stream Order (Sμ)
17.4.3 Stream Number (Nμ)
17.4.4 Stream Length (Lμ)
17.4.5 Stream Length Ratio (Lur)
17.4.6 Length of Overland Flow (Lg)
17.4.7 Bifurcation Ratio (Rb)
17.4.8 Areal Parameters
17.4.9 Stream Frequency (SF)
17.4.10 Drainage Density (Dd)
17.4.11 Drainage Texture (Dt)
17.4.12 Compactness Coefficient (Cc)
17.4.13 Shape Factors (Sf)
17.4.14 Relief Parameters
17.4.15 Relative Relief (Rr)
17.4.16 Dissection Index (Di)
17.4.17 Ruggedness Index (Rn)
17.5 Conclusion
References