This book highlights the several pollutants and their derivatives that exist in water and wastewater, such as pharmaceuticals, antibiotics, personal care products, heavy metals, pesticides, dyes etc., as a result of rapid urbanization and industrialization. Several part pollution is caused by nutrients, organics, and contaminants with low concentration but is highly toxic to human and aquatic environment. This book provides a holistic approach in terms of measurement, monitoring, and recent advances in treatment technologies for water and wastewater treatment and water reuse. The technologies involve the physio-chemical, biological and advanced oxidation processes in which they are modified or coupled with nanomaterials and/or newly developed products for improving the performance of the current treatment processes. In addition, the membrane processes include recent research on the removal of challenging chemicals by various membrane bioreactors and reverse osmosis processes.
Author(s): Muhammad Suleman Tahir, Muhammad Sagir, Muhammad Bilal Tahir
Series: Water Resources Development and Management
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2023
Language: English
Pages: 129
City: Singapore
Acknowledgement
Contents
Abbreviations
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Contamination: Nature and Origin of Wastewater
1.1 The Wastewater Issues
1.2 Nature and Origin of Wastewater
1.3 Types of Wastewaters
1.4 Contaminants in Wastewater
1.4.1 Organic Contaminants
1.4.2 Inorganic Contaminants
1.5 Impact on Surface and Ground Water Sources
1.6 Analytical Methods for Wastewater
1.6.1 Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy (UV) Analysis
1.6.2 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) Analysis
1.6.3 High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Analysis
References
2 Environmental Effects of Wastewater
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Effects of Wastewater
2.2.1 Human Health
2.2.2 Aquatic System
2.2.3 Agriculture Land
2.3 Effect of Effluents on Soil
2.4 Overview of Wastewater Treatment
2.4.1 Preliminary Treatment
2.4.2 Natural Biological Treatment Systems
References
3 Wastewater Treatment Methods
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Different Methods Used for Treatment of Wastewater
3.2.1 Physical Methods
3.2.2 Chemical Methods
3.2.3 Biological Methods
3.3 New Trends in Wastewater Treatment
References
4 Power of Corona Discharge and Its Application in Water Treatment
4.1 Major Water Pollutant
4.2 Oxidizing Reagents
4.2.1 Hydroxyl Radical
4.2.2 Ozone O3
4.3 Corona Discharge and Ozone Generation
4.3.1 Corona Discharge
4.3.2 Types of Corona Discharge
4.3.3 Ozone Generation Through Corona Discharge
4.3.4 Advantages of Corona Discharge Ozone Generation
4.3.5 Corona Generated with Brush Type Discharge Electrodes
4.3.6 Characterization of Brush Type Discharge Electrodes
4.4 Reaction Mechanism
4.5 Advance Oxidation of Pollutant with Corona Discharge
4.6 Wastewater Treatment Corona Discharge and Degradation of Various Pollutants
4.6.1 Acetone Degradation
4.6.2 Mineralization of EDTA
4.6.3 Solution Preparation, Sampling, and Results
4.6.4 Phenol Degradation and Mineralization
4.6.5 Color Observation
4.6.6 Phenolic Industrial Wastewater Treatment Through Corona Discharge
References
5 Wastewater Generation and Photo Bioreactors
5.1 Wastewater Generation Source, Characteristics, and Its Pollutants Profile
5.1.1 Characteristics of Wastewater
5.1.2 Wastewater Management
5.1.3 Motivational Factors for Recycle/Reuse
5.1.4 Industrial Wastewater Pollutants
5.1.5 Types of Industrial Wastewater
5.2 How Water Pollutants Can Be Measured
5.2.1 Method of Testing
5.3 Selection of Relevant Organisms (Algae and Bacteria)
5.4 Design and Fabrication of Photo Bioreactor (PBR)
5.5 Culturing/Cultivation of Selected Organisms
5.5.1 Culturing of Algae and Bacteria
5.6 Mass Culturing of Cultured Organisms with Simulated and Real Wastewater in PBR
5.7 Economics and Efficiency Comparison
References
6 Photocatalysis—Green Approach for Removal of Contaminations from Wastewater
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Conventional Treatment Methods and Photocatalysis Approach
6.2.1 Nanomaterials Used as a Photocatalyst
References
7 Recycling of Industrial Wastewater
7.1 Water Recycling is an Emerging Solution
7.1.1 Usage of Membrane Technology in Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Water Recycling
7.1.2 Challenges
7.2 Different Approaches and Wastewater Recycling Design
7.2.1 Health Risk
7.2.2 Quantitative Risk Approaches (QRA)
7.2.3 Real Risk Approaches
7.2.4 Approaches at the End of Twentieth Century
7.2.5 Designs
7.3 Future Concern of Global Community
7.3.1 Evaluation of Work
7.4 Bioenergy from Wastewater
7.4.1 Bioenergy Production from Anaerobic Digestion
7.4.2 TSBP’s for Energy Production from Wastewater
7.5 Financial and Environmental Impact
7.5.1 Financial Assessment
7.6 Practical Examples from International and Regional Level
7.6.1 California
7.7 Groundwater Table Issue
References
Index
