Advances in Parasitology, Volume 115, the latest release in this ongoing series, includes medical studies of parasites of major influence, along with reviews of more traditional areas, such as zoology, taxonomy and life history. Chapters in this update include Taking the strain out of onchocerciasis: a reanalysis of blindness and transmission data does not support the existence of a savanna blinding strain of onchocerciasis in West Africa, Enterocytozoon bieneusi of animals, Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis, Genomic analysis reveals predominant clonality and progressive evolution at all evolutionary scales in eukaryotic pathogens, HTLV-I and Strongyloides: the worm lurking beneath, and more.
Author(s): Russell Stothard, David Rollinson
Series: Advances in Parasitology, 115
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 235
City: London
Front Cover
Advances in Parasitology
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Chapter One: An update on female and male genital schistosomiasis and a call to integrate efforts to escalate diagnosis, ...
1. Introduction
1.1. Selection criteria
1.2. Epidemiology and geographical distribution of genital schistosomiasis
1.3. Life cycle and transmission
1.4. FGS and MGS in less common Schistosoma species
1.5. The importance of different hybrids of S. haematobium group species (including minor species contributing to FGS/MGS)
2. Pathogenesis and clinical manifestations
2.1. Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS)
2.1.1. Pregnancy and placental involvement
2.2. Male genital schistosomiasis (MGS)
3. Immunology
3.1. Vaginal environment in FGS
3.2. Immune activation during pregnancy
4. Diagnosis of genital schistosomiasis
4.1. FGS diagnostics
4.1.1. Traditional colposcopy
4.1.2. Hand-held colposcopy and other hand-held devices
4.1.3. Ultrasound scans and other radiological imaging
4.1.4. Parasitology diagnosis
4.2. Molecular diagnostics (nucleic acid amplification tests)
4.2.1. Real time PCR
4.2.2. Isothermal diagnostics
4.2.3. Histopathology
4.3. MGS diagnostics
4.3.1. Parasitology and molecular diagnostics in MGS
4.4. Immunopathology in MGS
5. Co-infections and co-morbidities
5.1. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
5.1.1. Interactions with vertically transmitted HIV
5.2. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and FGS
6. Immigrants and returned travellers
7. Management of FGS and MGS
7.1. FGS treatment
7.2. Treatment of MGS
7.3. Pregnancy
8. Disability, stigma and community awareness
8.1. Case study: Ghana
9. Programme integration
10. Conclusions and way forward
Acknowledgements
References
Chapter Two: Vertebrates as uninfected disseminators of helminth eggs and larvae
1. Introduction
2. Terminology and definitions of helminth zoochory
3. Features of different vertebrates that affect their ability to disseminate parasites
4. Endozoochory
4.1. The comparative physiology of the digestive tract of vertebrates
4.1.1. Headgut
4.1.2. Foregut
4.1.3. Stomach
4.1.4. Mid- and Hindgut
4.2. Vertebrate pseudohosts as unsuitable hosts for helminth intestinal establishment
4.3. Characteristics of helminth pseudoparasites furthering successful endozoochory
4.4. The extent and reliability of feeding experiments with vertebrate pseudohosts
4.5. Propagule retention time in the vertebrate intestine and its influence on the capacity to disperse over geographical ...
4.6. Mechanisms of endozoochorous helminth dispersal
4.6.1. Predation
4.6.2. Scavenging
4.6.3. Coprophagy
4.6.4. Geophagy
4.6.5. Herbivory
4.6.6. Regurgitation
4.6.7. Direct feeding on helminths
4.7. Field studies on pseudohosts and pseudoparasites
4.8. Dispersal due to interactions between vertebrate and invertebrate pseudohosts
5. Ectozoochory
5.1. Microclimate of vertebrate skin surface as a medium for ectozoochory
5.2. General aspects of ectozoochory for helminth propagules
5.3. Ectozoochory of helminth eggs and larvae
5.4. Ectozoochory of infected invertebrate intermediate hosts
6. Long-distance dispersal
6.1. Prerequisites for long-distance endozoochorous dispersal
6.2. What evidence exists for the long-distance dispersal of helminth larvae?
7. Conclusion
References
Chapter Three: Anthelmintic resistance in ruminants: challenges and solutions
1. Concerted action for combatting anthelmintic resistance in ruminants
2. Prevalence and impact of anthelmintic resistance
2.1. Prevalence
2.2. Impact
3. Gastrointestinal nematodes: current and future diagnosis
3.1. Diagnostic markers of GIN infections
3.2. Species specific identification of GIN
3.3. Digitalisation, biomarkers and precision livestock tools
4. Diagnosis of anthelmintic resistance
4.1. Faecal egg count reduction test
4.2. In vitro tests
4.3. Molecular tests for AR
4.4. Omics based approaches for the analysis of AR
5. Towards a sustainable use of anthelmintics
5.1. Refugia-based approaches in principle
5.2. Refugia-based approaches in practice
5.3. Global sustainability and parasite control
6. Prospects of new anthelmintics
7. Complementary control approaches
7.1. Grazing management
7.2. Nematophagous fungi
7.3. Plant based control
7.3.1. Tannin containing legumes
7.3.2. Chicory and sesquiterpene lactones
7.3.3. Phytotherapeutics and essential oils
7.4. Genetic selection
8. Facilitating behavioural change
8.1. Limited adoption of sustainable worm control practices by farmers
8.2. Barriers and incentives for farmers to adopt sustainable worm control practices
8.3. The role of the veterinarian
8.4. Further research towards practical application
9. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Further reading
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