Advances in Engine Tribology

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I General
1 Introduction to Advances in Engine Tribology
References
Part II Emerging Challenges with Modern Engines
2 Friction, Wear, and Lubrication Studies of Alcohol-Fuelled Engines
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Frictional Losses in IC Engines
2.3 Wear Characterization
2.3.1 Wear Measurement Methods
2.3.2 Wear-Metal Analysis of Lubricating Oil Samples
2.3.3 Soot in Lubricating Oil Samples
2.3.4 Wear Analysis of Various Engine Components
2.4 Different Lubrication Methods
2.4.1 Lubricating Oil Properties and Their Variations
2.4.2 Effect of Alcohol on the Lubricating Oil
2.5 Carbon Deposits on Engine Components
2.6 Summary
References
3 Impact of Biodiesel Blended Fuels on Combustion Engines in Long Term
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Effects of Biodiesel Blended Fuels on Engine Parts
3.2.1 Cylinder Head and Liner
3.2.2 Piston Top, Skirt and Rings
3.2.3 Fuel Injector
3.2.4 Pump Components
3.2.5 Valves
3.3 Conclusions
References
4 Automated SI Engine Wear Parts
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Tribological Components of SI Engine
4.2.1 Piston Assembly
4.2.2 Engine Bearings
4.2.3 Valve Train
4.2.4 Gearbox Wear
4.2.5 Tire Wear
4.3 Engine Condition Monitoring
4.4 Summary
References
5 Wear of Wheels and Axle in Locomotive and Measures Taken by Indian Railway
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Wheel and Axle Problem
5.1.2 Defect Observed on the Wheels
5.2 Wear of Wheels
5.3 Defect Observed on the Axles
5.3.1 The Problem Associated with Axles
5.4 Possible Solution Adopted by Other Country
5.5 Wheel and Axle Problem in Indian Railways
5.6 Stakeholders and Interests
5.7 Organizational Implications
5.8 Atma Nirbhar Scheme of Indian Railways
5.9 Summary and Conclusion
References
Part III Recent Advances in Engine Tribology
6 Boundary Lubrication Properties of Nanolubricants on the Steel Surface for Transportation Application
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and Experiment
6.2.1 Pin-On-Disk Tribometer
6.2.2 Preparation of Grease
6.3 Results and Discussions
6.3.1 Nanoparticles in an Oil Suspension
6.3.2 Nanoparticle in Water Suspension
6.3.3 Grease Analysis Using FTIR
6.4 Conclusions
References
7 Nanomaterials Lubrication for Transportation System
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Lubrication
7.1.2 Lubrication Classification
7.1.3 Preventing Low and Excessive Lubrication
7.2 Lubricants Reducing Friction and Wear
7.3 Types of Lubrication
7.3.1 Boundary Lubrication
7.3.2 Mixed Lubrication
7.3.3 Hydrodynamic Lubrication
7.3.4 Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication
7.4 Composition of Lubricants
7.5 The Impact of Lubricants on Climate Change and the Environment
7.6 Properties of Nano Particles-Based Lubrication in Oil Medium
7.6.1 Automotive Oils
7.6.2 Railroad Engine Oils
7.6.3 Marine Engine Oils
7.6.4 Industrial Oils
7.7 Base Oil
7.7.1 Categories of Base Oil
7.8 Viscosity
7.8.1 Viscosity Versus Temperature
7.8.2 10.2Multigrade Versus Monograde Oil
7.9 Grease
7.10 Graphene Based Lubrication
7.11 MoS2 Based Lubrication
7.12 Boron Based Lubrication
7.13 Boric Acid Based Lubrication
7.14 Tungsten Disulfide Based Lubrication
7.15 Lubrication of Rail Track Components
7.15.1 Lubricating Elastic Rail Clip (ERC) CLIPS
7.15.2 Greasing and Sealing Linear Contact Area
7.15.3 Lubricating Switch Expansion Joints (SEJs)
7.15.4 Lubricating Point and Crossings
7.15.5 Lubricating Rail Joints
7.15.6 Certificate of Lubrication
7.16 Conclusions and Future Directions
References
8 The Effect of Friction Induced Noise, Vibration, Wear and Acoustical Behavior on Rough Surface: A Review on Industrial Perspective
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Concept of Physical Contact Surface
8.3 Friction Noise Due to Wear
8.3.1 Airborne Noise and Wear
8.3.2 Acoustic Emission and Friction
8.4 Modelling Techniques
8.4.1 Wear Models
8.4.2 Friction Models
8.4.3 Empherical Models
8.5 Conclusion
References
Part IV Novel Materials for Advanced Engine Design
9 Composite Materials and Its Advancements for a Cleaner Engine of Future
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Need for Composites
9.1.2 History and Background
9.1.3 What Are Composites?
9.1.4 Composites Against Metals
9.1.5 Limitations in Use of Composites
9.2 Classification of Composites
9.2.1 Metal Matrix Composites
9.2.2 Ceramic Matrix Composites
9.2.3 Polymer Matrix Composites
9.2.4 Carbon–Carbon Composites
9.3 Properties of Composites
9.3.1 Metal Matrix Composites
9.3.2 Ceramic Matrix Composites
9.3.3 Carbon–Carbon Composites
9.3.4 Polymer Matrix Composites
9.4 Application of Composites
9.4.1 Metal Matrix Composites
9.4.2 Ceramic Matrix Composites
9.4.3 Carbon–Carbon Composites
9.4.4 Polymer Matrix Composites
9.5 Conclusion and Future Prospectus
9.6 Summary
References
10 Role of Composite Materials in Automotive Sector: Potential Applications
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 History/Background
10.1.2 Characteristics of Automotive Material
10.1.3 Materials Used for Automotive Applications
10.2 Application of Composite Materials in Automotive Components
10.2.1 Engine Parts
10.2.2 Braking System
10.2.3 Suspension System
10.2.4 Interior Trims
10.2.5 Exterior Trims
10.3 Other Automobile Applications
10.4 Conclusions
References
11 Modeling of a Closed Loop Hydrostatic Transmission System and Its Control Designed for Automotive Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 System Description
11.3 Experiment Description
11.3.1 The Hydraulic System Modeling and Experimental Validation
11.4 Traditional Pid Control of the Closed Loop System
11.4.1 PID Controller Based on the Artificial Neural Network
11.5 Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)
11.5.1 Performance Evaluation for the Models
11.6 Comparative Analysis of the Speed Response of Hydraulic Motor
References
12 Study of Tribo-Corrosion in Materials
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Tribocorrosion in Materials
12.2.1 Tribocorrosion in Alloys
12.2.2 Tribocorrosion in Ceramics
12.2.3 Tribocorrosion in Polymers
12.3 Future Scope
12.4 Conclusions
References