This reference summarizes recent advancements in knowledge about cardiovascular disease and pharmacology. The goal of the book is to inform readers about recent findings on cardiovascular therapeutics and how to conduct experiments to evaluate natural products. It presents 10 chapters that cover basic clinical research on cardiovascular diseases and therapeutic agents derived from natural sources. The book concludes with a series of experiments that demonstrate the methods to test the ameliorative effects of 3 phytochemicals: Biochanin A (red clover), Zingiberene (ginger oil) and Betaine (sugar beet).
Key Features
- 10 chapters that highlight recent research cardiovascular medicine and pharmacology
- Covers knowledge about basic cardiovascular physiology, congestive heart failure treatment and the treatment of heart inflammation.
- Covers uses, benefits, and drawbacks of numerous rodent and non-rodent animal models for studying CVD
- Updates readers about 21st-century CRISPR-cas9 technology and its uses in CVD.
- Covers the significance of Indian Ayurvedic techniques on the cardiovascular system,
- Covers information about nutraceuticals for CVD therapy
- Includes experiments to evaluate 3 phytochemicals for the treatment of different heart diseases such as hypertension, obesity-cardiomyopathy and the mitigation of inflammatory cytokines in myocardial infarction.
This book is an informative resource for cardiologists, and researchers working in the field of cardiovascular pharmacology. It also helps readers to understand the benefits of herbal medications that are commonly available for consumption in homes.
Author(s): V. V. Sathibabu Uddandrao, Parim Brahma Naidu
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 232
City: Singapore
Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Cardiovascular Diseases and Nutraceuticals: Underlying Mechanism and Therapeutic Biomarkers
Pallavi Saxena1, Vinod Kumar2, Noopur Khare3, Neeraj Pal4, Dibyabhaba Pradhan5, Pradeep K Chaturvedi2, Arun Kumar Jain1, Manoj Kumar6, V. V. Sathibabu Uddandrao7 and Umesh Kumar8,*
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Cardiovascular Disorders
1.2. Cardiovascular Diseases Burden: Global and National
1.3. Potential Risk Factors for CVD
1.4. Therapies in Use for CVD Treatment
1.4.1. ACE Inhibitors
1.4.2. Angiotension II Receptor Blockers
1.4.3. Antiarrhythmics
1.4.4. Antiplatelet Drugs
1.4.5. M. Anti-coagulants Drugs
1.4.6. Diuretics
2. NUTRACEUTICALS AND CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH
2.1. Nutraceuticals
2.2. Potential Nutraceuticals
2.2.1. Plant Sterols/ Stanols
2.2.2. Cruciferous Vegetables
2.2.3. Garlic
2.2.4. CoQ10
2.2.5. Turmeric
2.2.6. Grape Skin
2.2.7. Fish Oil/Olive Oil
2.2.8. Vegetables
2.2.9. Carnitine
2.2.10. Berberine
2.2.11. Flavonoids
2.2.12. Prebiotics
2.2.13. Probiotics
2.2.14. Protein and Protein Peptides
2.2.15. Vitamins
3. NUTRACEUTICALS MODULATE GENETIC EXPRESSION
3.1. NF-κB Regulatory Network
3.2. Nrf2 Regulates Antioxidant and Detoxification Genes
4. BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATION IN NUTRACEUTICALS AND CVD PREVENTION
4.1. Identification of New Therapeutic Biomarkers
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Congestive Heart Failure: Insight on Pharmacotherapy
Sri Bharathi G.S1,*, Sakthi Sundaram S1, Prabhakaran S1, Lalitha V1, Haja Sherief S1, Duraisami R2 and Sengottuvelu S1
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)
1.2. Left Ventricular Noncompaction (LVNC)
1.3. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC)
1.4. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy (RCM)
2. PREVALENCE
3. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
4. DRUG THERAPY
4.1. Diuretics
4.2. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE Inhibitors)
4.3. Beta-adrenergic Blocking Agents (Beta Blockers)
4.4. Vasopressin Receptor Antagonists
5. MANAGEMENT OF HEART FAILURE
5.1. Acute Decompensation
5.2. Chronic Management
5.3. Palliative Care
5.4. Cardiac Glycosides
5.4.1. Chemistry of Cardiac Glycosides
5.4.2. Sources of Cardiac Glycosides
5.4.3. Mechanism of Cardiac Glycosides
5.4.4. Pharmacological Activity of Cardiac Glycosides
6. DIGOXIN
7. TOXICOKINETICS
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Diet, Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disorders
M Kesavan1,* and HV Manjunathachar2,*
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Diet Induced Inflammation
1.2. Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII)
2. DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF DIET AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
2.1. The Zone Diet
2.2. Ketogenic Diet
2.3. Mediterranean Diet
2.4. DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Diet
2.5. The Paleo Diet
2.6. Vegan and Vegetarian Diet
3. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES (CVD), PRO AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
4. SPICES
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Rodent and Non-Rodent Animal Models for CardioVascular Diseases
Irfan Ahmad Mir1,*, HV Manjunathachar1,*, R Ravindar Naik1, SSYH Qadri2 and Taniya Saleem3
1. RODENT MODELS FOR CVD
2. ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND DIABETIC MODELS
2.1. LDLR−/− Mice
2.2. ApoE−/− Mice
2.3. SR-BI KO Mice
2.4. db/db Mouse
2.5. Ob/ob Mice
2.6. Zucker Fatty Rat
2.7. Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF) Rat
2.8. Otsuka Long–Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) Rats
2.9. Goto-Kakizaki (GK) Rats
2.10. WNIN/GR-Ob Rat
3. HEART FAILURE MODELS
3.1. Myocardial Ischemia-Induced Heart Failure
3.2. Pressure Overload Models
3.3. Chemical-induced Cardiomyopathy Models
4. NON-RODENT MODELS OF CARDIO-VASCULAR DISEASES
4.1. Overview of Advantages and Disadvantages of Non-rodent Animal Models
4.2. Pigs
4.3. Atherosclerotic Disease Models
4.4. Pig Models for Stent Application
4.5. Pig Models of Infarction and Heart Failure
4.6. Dogs
4.7. Sheep
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Application of 21st Century Genetic Engineering Tools and CRISPR-Cas9 Technologies to Treat Most Advanced Cardiovascular Diseases of Humans
J. Venkateshwara Rao1, *, R. Ravindar Naik2, S. Venkanna1 and N. Ramesh Kumar3
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE CRISPR/CAS9 PROTEIN TECHNOLOGY
3. APPLICATION OF CRISPR/CAS9 TECHNOLOGY AS A THERAPEUTIC TOOL FOR HUMAN DISEASES
3.1. Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
3.2. Sickle Cell Anemia
3.3. Thalassemia
3.4. Huntington’s Disease
3.5. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
3.6. Hemophilia
3.7. Chronic Granulomatous Disorders (CGD)
4. MULTIFACTORIAL DISEASES
4.1. Cancer
4.2. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
5. APPLICATIONS OF CRISPR/CAS9 IN CARDIAC RESEARCH
5.1. Gene Therapy for CVD
5.2. The Future of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing in Cardiac Research
6. CHALLENGES OF APPLICATION OF CRISPR/CAS9
6.1. Delivery Systems of CRISPR/Cas9
6.2. Off-target Effects
6.3. Ethical Issues
6.4. Emerging CRISPR Technologies
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Role of Vyana Vayu in CardioVascular System, Etiopathogenesis and Therapeutic Strategies: An Ayurveda Perspective
Savitri Vasudev Baikampady1,*, C. S. Hiremath1, Reeta Varyani1 and Venketesh2
1. INTRODUCTION
2. A PREAMBLE TO VATA
2.1. Vyana Vayu
2.1.1. Role of Vyana Vayu in the Heart
2.1.2. Role of Vyana Vayu in Vasculature (Dhamani and Sira)
2.1.3. Role of Vyana Vayu in Skeletal Muscles and other Organs
3. ETIOLOGY
4. PATHOGENESES
4.1. Stage of Accumulation (Sanchaya)
4.2. Stage of Aggravation (Prakopa)
4.3. Stage of Dissemination (Prasar)
4.4. Stage of Localization (Sthanasamshraya)
4.5. Stage of Manifestation (Vyakta)
4.6. Stage of Complication (Bheda)
5. CONCOMITANT CONCEPT
6. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
7. TREATMENT STRATEGIES
7.1. Diet
7.2. Exercise
7.3. Pharmacological Approach
7.3.1. Terminalia Arjuna (TA)
7.3.2. Innula Recemosa
7.3.3. Fagonia Arabica
8. OMICS STUDY AND AYURVEDIC THERAPEUTIC STRATEGIES
CONCLUSION
10. HIGHLIGHTS
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Nutraceuticals: The Potential Agents to Rescue Human Race from Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs)
Sreedevi Gandham1, Ghali. EN.Hanuma Kumar2 and Balaji Meriga2,*
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CVDS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
3. CVDS: TREATMENT OPTIONS
4. PLANTS AND HERBS FOR TREATMENT OF CVDS
4.1. Polyphenols
4.2. Flavonoids
4.3. Carotenoids
4.4. Other Phytochemicals
4.5. Vitamins
5. NUTRACEUTICALS TO TREAT CVDS
6. SPICES AS EFFECTIVE NUTRACEUTICALS TO TREAT CVDS
6.1. Ginger (Zingiber Officinale)
6.2. Turmeric (Curcuma Longa)
6.3. Black pepper (Piper Nigrum)
6.4. Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum)
6.5. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum Zeylanicum)
6.6. Garlic (Allium Sativum)
6.7. Cloves (Syzygium Aromaticum)
6.8. Other Common Spices
7. NUTRACEUTICALS/SPICES: MODE OF ACTION
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Ameliorative Potential of Biochanin-A against Dexamethasone Induced Hypertension through Modulation of Relative mRNA and Protein Expressions in Experimental Rats
V. V. Sathibabu Uddandrao1,*, P. P. Sethumathi2, Parim Brahma Naidu3, S. Vadivukkarasi1, Mustapha Sabana Begum4 and G. Saravanan1,*
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Animals
2.3. Induction of Hypertension
2.4. Experimental Design
2.5. Measurement of Body Weight
2.6. Indirect Measurement of Blood Pressure in Conscious Rats
2.7. Hemodynamic and Vascular Responsiveness Measurements
2.8. Assay of Nitric Oxide Metabolites
2.9. Assay of Superoxide Production
2.10. RT-PCR Analysis
2.11. Western Blot Analysis
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Zingiberene, an Active Constituent from Zingiber officinale Ameliorated High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Cardiomyopathy in Rats
S. Jaikumar1, G. Somasundaram1 and S. Sengottuvelu2,*
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Animals
2.3. HFD Composition
2.4. Experimental Design
2.5. Measurement of Body Weight, Anthropometrical and Morphological Parameters
2.6. Estimation of Biochemical Markers
2.7. Determination of Cardiac Lipid Profile
2.8. Assessment of Oxidative Stress Markers in Heart
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. RESULTS
3.1. Effect of ZB on Anthropometrical and Morphological Parameters
3.2. Influence of ZB on Diabetic Markers
3.3. Effect of ZB on Cardiac Lipid Profiles
3.4. ZB Ameliorated Oxidative Stress in Heart
4. DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Betaine, a Nutraceutical Ameliorated Myocardial Infarction by Attenuation of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Matrix Metalloproteinase Production in Rats
G. Somasundaram1,*, S. Jaikumar1 and S. Sengottuvelu2
1. INTRODUCTION
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Measurement of Heart Weight and the Ratio of Heart Weight to Body Weight
2.4. Assessment of Cardiac Diagnostic Markers
2.5. Estimation of Serum Inflammatory Markers
2.6. Determination of Serum Matrix Metalloproteinases
2.7. RT-PCR Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. RESULTS
4. DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
REFERENCES
Subject Index
Back Cover
