Advanced Practice in Mental Health Nursing: A European Perspective

Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
About the E ditors
About the Authors
Contributors to Case Vignettes/Examples
Part I: Theoretical and Historical Perspectives
Landscape of Advanced Practice Mental Health Nursing in Europe
1 Introduction
2 Human Rights Agenda: Guiding the Way to Change
3 Reforming the Mental Health Services and Practices
4 The Establishment of the Advanced Practice Mental Health Nursing
5 Advanced Level Mental Health Nursing Education
6 The Focus of Advanced Practice Mental Health Nursing
7 Conclusion
References
Role and Competencies of Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses
1 Introduction
2 Differentiating Roles and Levels of APMHNs in the USA and Europe
3 The APMHN Role
3.1 Ireland and the APMHN Role
3.2 The UK and the APMHN Role
4 Netherlands and the APMHN Role
5 APMHN Competencies
5.1 Advanced Clinical Practice
5.2 Leadership
5.3 Research and Evidence-Based Practice
5.4 Education
6 Challenges Encountered by APNs in Enacting Their Role
7 Future Issues for the Role Development of the APMHN
8 Conclusion
References
Perspectives and Frameworks Underpinning the Practice of Advanced Mental Health Nursing
1 Introduction
2 The Biomedical Perspective
3 Psychological Perspective
4 Socioecological Perspective
5 The Recovery Perspective
6 Mental Health Nursing Perspective
7 Conclusion
References
Supplemental References
Part II: Foundations for Collaborative Working
Therapeutic Alliance
1 Introduction
2 The Legacy of Hildegard Peplau
3 Therapeutic Alliance and Common Factors
4 The Therapeutic Alliance as a Safe Base
5 The Core Characteristics of the Therapeutic Alliance
5.1 Trust
5.2 Empathy
6 Communication as a Key of Therapeutic Alliance
7 “Mind the Gap”: Some Possible Pitfalls and Challenges
8 The Importance of Self-reflection
9 Therapeutic Alliance and Y Model
10 Challenges to Researching the Therapeutic Alliance
11 Conclusion
References
Advanced Mental Health Nursing Assessment, Formulation and Decision-Making
1 Introduction
2 Advanced Mental Health Nursing Assessment
3 Some Core Principles Underpinning Assessment
4 Types of Information or Data Collected
5 Methods of Advanced Clinical Assessment in Mental Health Practice
5.1 Clinical Interview
5.2 Mental Health and Distress Assessment Tools (Questionnaires, Rating Scales)
6 Mental Health Assessment and Decision-Making: Classification Models
7 Collaborative Formulation and Goal Settings: Decision-Making
7.1 ABC-E Model of Emotion
7.2 The Five Ps of Formulation
8 Mental Health Nursing Assessment and Clinical Decision-Making: A Complex Advanced Nursing Competency
9 Conclusion
References
Integrative Care Planning
1 Introduction
2 Shared Decision-Making and Care Planning
3 Recovery Care Planning
4 Collaborative Care Models
5 Joint Crisis Planning
6 Advanced Mental Health Directives
7 Discharge Care Planning
8 Integrative Mental Health Care Planning
9 Integrative Treatment Planning Model for APMHN Practice
9.1 Service User Context
9.2 Scientific Evidence
9.3 Legal and Ethical Standards
9.4 Situational Issues
9.5 Risk-Benefit Analysis
9.6 Service User/Clinician Decision
9.7 Intervention Planning
10 Intervention Outcomes
11 Future Directions
12 Summary
References
Part III: Therapeutic Engagement in Different Contexts
Collaboration with Families, Networks and Communities
1 Introduction
2 What Is Family?
3 What Is Family-Focused Care?
4 Brief History of Family-Focused Care
4.1 The Blaming and Suffering of Families
4.2 Expressed Emotions, the Knowledge of Attachment Styles and Intergenerational Influence
4.3 Objective and Subjective Burden
4.4 Intervention Programmes for Families
4.5 The Stigma of Mental Health Problems
5 Why Family-Focused Care?
5.1 Benefits and Barriers of Family-Focused Care
6 Approaches in Family-Focused Care
6.1 Collaborative Development of Knowledge
6.2 Family Strength-Oriented Therapeutic Conversations (Fam-SOTC)
6.3 Open Dialogue
7 Preventive Approaches: The Invisible Children
7.1 Let’s Talk About Children
7.2 The Solihull Approach
8 Collaboration with Networks
9 Conclusion
References
Additional References or Resources
Advanced Practice Mental Health Nursing and Mental Health Promotion
1 Introduction
2 Key Concepts and Definitions Within Mental Health Promotion
2.1 Wellness and Positive Psychology
2.2 Flourishing and Languishing
2.3 The Mental Health and Illness Continua
3 Key Issues Within Mental Health Promotion
3.1 Determinants of Mental Health and Risk/Protective Factors
4 Mental Health Promotion Through the Lifespan
4.1 Childhood
4.2 Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood
4.3 Adulthood
4.4 Older Age
5 Mental Health Promotion in the Mental Health Services
5.1 Creating Supportive Environments
5.2 Reducing Stigmatisation and Discrimination and Promoting Inclusion
5.3 Supporting Social and Emotional Well-Being of Service Users and Their Families
6 Knowledge and Skills Required by Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses for Mental Health Promotion
7 Challenges in Mental Health Promotion for APNs
8 Conclusion
References
Trauma and Trauma-Informed Care
1 Introduction
2 A Historical Perspective on the Concept of Trauma
3 Defining Trauma
4 Types of Trauma
5 Impact of Trauma
6 Trauma and Mental Health Problems
7 Trauma and the Mental Health System
8 Trauma-Informed Approach to Care
8.1 An Organisational Approach Towards Trauma
8.2 Trauma-Focused Therapy
9 Trauma-Informed Principles to Guide APMHNs’ Approach to Care
10 Conclusion
References
Mental Health Care in the Era of Growing Global Risk and Uncertainty: A Recovery and Person-Centred Approach
1 Introduction
2 The Risk Society and the Return of Uncertainty
2.1 The Basic Concepts of Risk, Uncertainty and Danger
2.2 Risk Management and Its Risks
2.3 The Risk Society and the Late Modernity: History and Key Characteristics
2.3.1 The Modern and the Postmodern Society
2.3.2 New Threats, Risks and Uncertainty: The Risk Society
2.3.3 Individualisation and Reflexivity
2.3.4 Trust in the Risk Society
2.3.5 The Local Community Becomes an Important Arena
2.3.6 A Group at Risk in the Risk Society
3 People with Mental Health Problems in the Local Community
4 Everyday Life in Late Modern Society: Users’ Experiences and Perspectives on How to Manage Risk and Uncertainty
4.1 Change and Uncertainty
4.2 Mental Disabilities and Societal Obstacles
4.3 The Technical Dominance
4.4 Individualisation and Loneliness
4.5 Searching for a Meaningful Everyday Life
5 Working with Risk and Uncertainty: A Recovery-Oriented and Person-Centred Practice
5.1 Living with Uncertainty
5.2 A Collaborative Approach to Encounter Risk and Uncertainty
5.2.1 Shared Decision-Making and the Significance of Dialogue
5.2.2 The Collaboration Plan
5.3 Implementing a Recovery-Oriented and Person-Centred Approach When Working with Risk and Uncertainty
5.4 The Importance of the Local Community
6 Conclusion
6.1 Cornerstones of Mental Health Care in Contemporary (Risk) Society
6.2 Implications for Research and Development
References
Interface Between Physical and Mental Health
1 Introduction
2 Bidirectional Nature of Physical Health Problems
3 Prevalence of Physical Health Problems in People Experiencing SMHP
4 Risk Factors to High Rates of Morbidity and Mortality
4.1 Illness-Related Risk Factors
4.1.1 Cardiovascular Disease
4.1.2 Respiratory Disease
4.1.3 Metabolic Disorders
4.1.4 Sexual Health
4.1.5 Mental Illness-Related Factors
4.2 Socio-economic Risk Factors
4.3 Organisational Risk Factors
4.3.1 Barriers to Accessing Services
4.3.2 Diagnostic Overshadowing
4.3.3 Organisational Support
4.3.4 Staff Competence
4.3.5 Data Quality
5 Multilevel Framework
6 Interventions
6.1 Individual-Focused Interventions
6.2 Supporting People to Manage Their Mental Health Problems
6.3 Physical Healthcare and Treatment
6.4 Lifestyle Behaviour Interventions
6.5 Health System-Focused Interventions
7 Community-Level- and Policy-Focused Interventions
7.1 Social Support and Stigma Reduction
7.2 Policy-Level Interventions
8 A Specialist Role for APMHNs
9 Conclusion
References
Integrating Spirituality as a Dimension of Practice
1 Introduction
1.1 Mike and Fran’s Account
2 Religion, Spirituality and Culture
3 Spirituality, Resilience and Recovery
4 Spirituality and Person-Centred Care
5 Spirituality and Care Planning
6 Evidence for Integrating Spirituality
7 APMHN Involvement in Endorsing Spirituality
8 Re-engaging Communities
9 Philosophical Reflections
10 Conclusion
References
Diversity and Culturally Responsive Mental Health Practice
1 Introduction
2 Achieving Culturally Inclusive Practice Through Cultural Humility
2.1 Operationalising Cultural Humility in Mental Health Systems
2.2 Lifelong Learning and Critical Reflection
2.2.1 Ethnocentrism
2.2.2 Heteronormativity and Cisnormativity
2.3 Accountability: Creating Culturally Sensitive, Safe and Affirmative Relationships and Spaces
2.3.1 Actioning Individual Accountability
2.3.2 Minority Stress
2.3.3 Intersectionality Theory
2.4 Actioning Organisational Accountability
2.4.1 Co-production with Community
2.4.2 Implementing a Culturally Responsive Organisational Pathway of Care
Inclusive and Affirmative Communications
Inclusive and Affirmative Assessment Tools
Inclusive and Affirmative Treatment Approaches
3 Research-Informed Activities
4 Conclusion
References
Collaborative Prescribing and Advanced Mental Health Nursing Practice
1 Introduction
2 Emergence of Nurse Prescribing in Mental Health Nursing
3 Collaborative Mental Health Nurse Prescribing
3.1 Professional, Ethical and Legal Issues
3.2 Competencies for Prescribing Practice
3.3 Therapeutic Relationships and Interpersonal Skills
3.4 Recovery-Orientated Prescribing
3.5 Shared Decision-Making
3.6 Working with Families and Significant Others
3.7 Oppositional Discourses
3.8 Education, Research and Audit
4 Deprescribing and Supporting Individuals to Discontinue Medication
5 Models of Prescribing
6 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Beyond the Clinical Dimension of the Advanced Practice Mental Health Nursing
Educational Aspects in Advanced Mental Health Nursing Practice
1 Introduction
2 Setting the Scene
2.1 Human Rights and Mental Health Nursing
2.2 Power from the Viewpoint of Knowledge and Mental Health Nursing
3 Different Dimensions of Knowledge for Advanced Mental Health Nursing
3.1 Tacit Knowledge
3.2 Experimental Knowledge in Advanced Mental Health Nursing
3.3 Evidence-Based Knowledge and Evidence-Based Practice
4 Levels of the Educational Practice
4.1 The Interpersonal Level
4.2 The Professional Level
4.3 The Institutional Level
4.4 APMHNs’ Educational Role in Different Levels of Health Prevention
5 The Role of Educational Theories in APMHNs’ Skills’ Set
6 Terms and Language of the Educational Aspects
7 New Settings of the Educational Practices
8 Conclusion
References
Advanced Practice Mental Health Nurses as Leaders
1 Introduction
2 Generic and Specific Challenges Regarding APMHN Leadership
3 New Insights into Traditional Leadership Theory
4 Management Versus Leadership
5 Most Important Leadership Theory in Nursing: Transformational Leadership
6 Intrapreneurship Leadership
7 Practices of Effective APMHN Leadership: A Case Example
8 Essence of Effective APMHN Leadership
8.1 Influence: The Essence of Leadership
8.2 Change Leadership
8.3 Values, Vision, and Mission
9 Development and Use of APMHN Leadership
9.1 Barriers of APMHNs Leadership Development
9.2 Enablers of APMHNs Leadership Development
9.3 Empowering the Voice of the APMHNs in Organizations
10 Conclusion
References
Part V: Advancing the Evidence-Based Practice Agenda
Knowledge Translation and Linking Evidence to Practice
1 Introduction
2 Advanced Practice Mental Health Nursing
3 Evidence-Based Mental Health Nursing
4 Knowledge Mobilisation
5 What Works in Linking Evidence to Practice?
5.1 What Knowledge Should Be Linked?
5.2 To Whom Should Evidence Be Linked?
5.3 By Whom Should Evidence Be Linked?
5.4 How Should Evidence Be Linked?
5.5 With What Effect Should Evidence Be Linked?
6 Clinical Guidelines and Care Pathways
7 Improving APMHNs Capability to Translate or Link Evidence to Practice
8 Creating Impact from Research
9 Case Studies Linking Evidence to Practice
10 Conclusions
References
Advocacy and the Advanced Nurse Practitioner
1 Introduction
2 The Contested Mental Health Service Context
3 Nurses as Advocates
4 Blowing the Whistle and Other Acts of Resistance
5 Independent Advocacy
6 Survivor and Staff Movements for Change
7 Conclusion
References
Enhancing the Quality of Care Through Participatory Generation of Evidence
1 Introduction
2 Quality of Care and Quality of Nursing Care
3 Evidence Generation
4 Service User Orientation
5 Service User Involvement
6 Structures Enabling Service User-Driven Evidence Generation
7 Resources and Competences Needed to Support Service User-Driven Evidence Generation
8 Stages of Involvement in Service User-Driven Evidence Generation
9 Considering Barriers of Service User-Based Evidence Generation
10 Summary
References
Maintaining Professional Competence
1 Introduction
2 Competence for Practice
3 Preceptorship, Mentorship and Coaching
4 Clinical Supervision
5 Postgraduate Education and Training
6 Professional Networking
7 Supporting Others
8 Research, and Service and Quality Improvement
9 Conclusion
References
Part VI: Emerging Issues and Challenges
e-Mental Health and Health Informatics
1 Introduction
2 Definitions Related to Health Informatics and e-Mental Health
3 e-Mental Health Technologies
3.1 Websites and Portals
3.2 Social Media
3.3 Apps and Smartphones
3.4 Chatbots
3.5 Videoconferencing
3.6 Wearable Sensors
3.7 Virtual Reality and Gaming
4 The Future Developmental Needs
4.1 The Future Developmental Needs of e-Mental Health
4.2 The Future Developmental Needs for e-Mental Health Research
4.3 The Future Developmental Needs for the Role of APMHNs
5 Conclusion
References
Into the Future: Challenges and Opportunities for the APMHN Role
1 Introduction
2 Inputting into the Reform: Securing a Place at the Policy Table
3 Democratising Services: Engaging with Peer Roles
4 New Spaces and Places: Expanding the Clinic to the Marketplace
5 Rights-Based Approach to Mental Health Care
6 Moving Beyond Being Adopters to Shaping the Evidence Agenda
7 Implementing and Sustaining the APMHN Role into the Future
8 Conclusion
References
Index