Advanced Oxidation Processes in Dye-Containing Wastewater: Volume 1

Contents
About the Editors
Fundamental of Advanced Oxidation Processes
1 Introduction
2 Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs)
3 Ozone (O3)-Based AOPs
3.1 Ozonation at Elevated pH
3.2 O3/H2O2
3.3 O3/Catalysts
4 AOPs Based on UV Irradiation
4.1 UV/H2O2
4.2 UV/O3
4.3 UV/Peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS)
4.4 UV/Cl2
5 Physical AOPs
5.1 Microwave (MW) AOP
5.2 Electron Beam AOP
5.3 Ultrasound AOP
5.4 Plasma
6 Catalytic AOPs
6.1 Fenton AOP
6.2 Photo-Fenton AOP
6.3 Photocatalysis AOP
7 Electrochemical AOPs (EAOPs)
7.1 Boron-Doped Diamond Electrodes (BDD)
7.2 Doped TiO2 Electrode
7.3 Lead Oxide (PbO2) Electrodes
7.4 Doped SnO2 Electrodes
8 Advantages and Limitations of Conventional AOPs
9 Future Perspectives
10 Conclusion
References
Fenton Processes in Dye Removal
1 Introduction
2 Fenton Process
3 Applications of the Fenton Process for Dye Degradation: Factors Affecting Process Efficiency
3.1 pH
3.2 Temperature
3.3 Agitation Gradient
3.4 Reagent Concentration
3.5 Presence of Salts and Inhibitors
4 The Heterogeneous Fenton Process
5 Fenton Process Combined with Biological Degradation
6 Fenton Process-Related Ecotoxicity
7 Conclusion
References
Treatment of Textile Industrial Dyes Using Natural Sunlight-Driven Methods
1 Introduction
2 Classification and Toxicity of the Textile Dyes
3 Phytoremediation
3.1 Phytoremediation with Plants
4 Phytoplankton for Phytoremediation
5 Nanocatalyst-Based Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dyes
5.1 Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
5.2 Chalcogenide
5.3 Metal–Organic Framework (MOF)
5.4 Carbonaceous Nanophotocatalyst
5.5 Perovskite
5.6 Quantum Dots
6 Advantages of Using Material Which Uses Photon as the Driving Energy
7 Disadvantage of Using Sun as the Driving Energy
8 Conclusions
References
Solar Photocatalytic Treatment of Dye Removal
1 Introduction
2 Basic Concept of Photolysis and Solar Photocatalytic Process
2.1 Photolysis
2.2 Solar Photocatalytic Process
3 Influencing Factors in Solar Photocatalytic Treatment of Dye Removal
3.1 Light Source and Intensity
3.2 Molecular Structure and Functional Group of Dye
3.3 pH
3.4 Aeration
3.5 Initial Dye Concentration
3.6 Photocatalyst Loading (Dosage)
3.7 Physical Properties of Photocatalysts
3.8 Applications—Solar Photocatalytic Treatment of Real Textile Dye Wastewater
4 Conclusions
References
Photo (Catalytic) Oxidation Processes for the Removal of Dye: Focusing on TiO2 Performance
1 Introduction
2 Photo-reactive Mechanism of TiO2 for Degradation of Organics in Wastewater
3 Doping with TiO2 to Enhance Reactivity Towards Dye Contaminated Liquid Discharge
4 Mitigation of Dye from Industrial Waste Effluents by Photoreactive TiO2 Nano-catalyst
5 Conclusion
References
Ozone-Based Processes in Dye Removal
1 Introduction
1.1 History of Ozone Use in Water and Wastewater Treatment
1.2 Chemistry of Ozone
1.3 Ozone Generation Methods
2 Ozone for Dye Removal
2.1 Process and Mechanisms
2.2 Factors Affecting Dye Removal
3 Practical Application
3.1 Ozone System Configuration
3.2 Integration with Existing WWTP Process
4 Concluding Remarks
References
Nanomaterials in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Anionic Dye Removal
1 Water Pollution—Introduction
2 Hazards of Water Pollution
2.1 Effects of Water Pollution on Human Health
2.2 Categories of Water Pollution
3 Different Sets of Pollution
3.1 Chemical Pollution
3.2 Heavy Metal Pollution
3.3 Water Pollution Due to Organic Dyes
3.4 Dyes-The Major Pollutant and Its Types
4 Detection of Dyes in Water Samples
5 Removal of Dyes
5.1 Dye Removal Techniques
6 Advanced Oxidation Processes
6.1 Chemical AOPs
6.2 Photochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes
6.3 Microwave Enhanced AOPs
6.4 Sonolysis/Sonochemical AOPs
6.5 Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs)
7 Nanomaterials in AOPs
7.1 Nano Zerovalent Iron
7.2 Nanomaterials with Magnetic Properties
7.3 Nano Magnesium Oxide
7.4 Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide Based Nanomaterials
7.5 Silver Nanoparticles.
7.6 TiO2 Nanoparticles
7.7 Carbon Nanotubes (CNT)
7.8 Activated Carbons
8 Summary
References
Sustainable Development of Nanomaterials for Removal of Dyes from Water and Wastewater
1 Introduction
2 Adverse Effect of Dyes
3 Physiochemical Properties of Various Dyes
4 Degradation/Removal of Dyes from Wastewater
4.1 Adsorption
4.2 Photocatalysis
4.3 Chemical Reactions
5 Conclusion
References
Textile Wastewater Treatment Using Sustainable Technologies: Advanced Oxidation and Degradation Using Metal Ions and Polymeric Materials
1 Introduction
2 Heavy Metals in Textile Effluent
3 Microplastic Pollution by Textile Effluent
4 Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) for Removal of Heavy Metals and Organic Compounds
4.1 Fenton’s Reagent
4.2 Ozone (O3)
4.3 Ozone (O3)/Ultraviolet (UV)/Ultrasound
4.4 Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)/Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation
4.5 Ozone/Ultraviolet/Hydrogen Peroxide
5 Advanced Techniques for the Degradation of Metallic and Polymeric Compounds
5.1 Photocatalysis
5.2 Metallic Nanoparticles
5.3 Natural and Modified Polymers
5.4 Nanocomposites
5.5 Graphene and Its Composites
5.6 Waste Textile Fiber Copolymer
6 Conclusion
References
Multiphase Reactors in Photocatalytic Treatment of Dye Wastewaters: Design and Scale-Up Considerations
1 Introduction
1.1 Colored Wastewater
1.2 Photocatalysis
1.3 Basic Fundamentals of Multiphase Photocatalytic Reactors
2 Multiphase Reactors for Dye Wastewater Treatment
2.1 Novel and Modified Multiphase Reactors for Dye Wastewater Treatment
3 Difficulties Encountered in Large Scale Photocatalytic Reactors
4 Strategies for Efficient Scale-Up
5 Future Aspects of Multiphase Photocatalytic Reactors for Dye Wastewater Treatment
6 Conclusions
References
Enhanced Methylene Blue Degradation onto Fenton-Like Catalysts Based on g-C3N4-MgFe2O4 Composites
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis and Properties of g-C3N4-MgFe2O4 Composites
2.1 XRD
2.2 FTIR
2.3 SEM–EDX
3 The Catalytic Performance in Methylene Blue Destruction
3.1 Efficiency of Dark-, Visible-, and UV-Driven Processes
3.2 Reusability of Fenton-Like Catalysts
3.3 Mechanism and Quencher Test
4 Conclusions
References
Metal Oxide Heterostructured Nanocomposites for Wastewater Treatment
1 Introduction
2 Wastewater Treatment Processes: Photocatalysis
2.1 Photocatalysis: An Advanced Oxidation Process
3 A Brief History of Metal Oxide Semiconductors
4 Recent Developments on Metal Oxide Heterostructured Nanocomposites
5 Experimental Section
5.1 Synthesis
5.2 Structural Characterization
5.3 Optical Properties
6 Conclusion
References
Electrocoagulation Technology for Wastewater Treatment: Mechanism and Applications
1 Introduction
1.1 Mechanism of Electrocoagulation
2 Elimination of Contaminants Using Electrocoagulation Technology in Combined Systems
3 Conclusion
References
Carbonaceous-TiO2 Photocatalyst for Treatment of Textile Dye-Contaminated Wastewater
1 Introduction
2 Mechanism of Photocatalysis in Carbonaceous-Based TiO2 Composite
3 Method of Synthesis for Carbonaceous-Based TiO2 Composites
3.1 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Method
3.2 Sol–Gel Method
3.3 Ultrasonic-Assisted Method
3.4 Co-precipitation
3.5 Impregnation Method
3.6 Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)
3.7 Photochemical Reduction Method
4 Carbonaceous-Based TiO2 Composites for Dye Removal
4.1 Carbon-Doped TiO2 Composites
4.2 Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs)-TiO2 Composites
4.3 Graphene-TiO2 Composite
4.4 Activated Carbon-TiO2 Composite
5 Conclusion
References