Imaging of the fetus is the most common ultrasound study performed. While most studies reveal little more than a healthy fetus, the ability to identify anomalies related to the development of the fetal brain and musculoskeletal system is crucial. Included in this issue are articles on the use of ultrasound to diagnose cystic brain masses, neural migration anomalies, and abnormalities of the cranium, spine, thorax, and upper and lower extremities. The ability to detect these problems early can have a positive impact on the course of the pregnancy, during delivery, and postpartum.
Author(s): Noam Lazebnik
Series: The Clinics: Radiology
Edition: 1
Publisher: Saunders
Year: 2008
Language: English
Commentary: 176808
Pages: 122
Cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 2
Orientation within the Volume......Page 4
The median plane......Page 6
The three-horn view: parasagittal......Page 7
Coronal plane......Page 13
Detection of fetal neuropathology by 3D ultrasound......Page 15
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum......Page 16
Holoprosencephaly......Page 18
Cephalocele......Page 19
Arachnoid Cysts......Page 20
Posterior Fossa and Related Anomalies......Page 26
Dandy-Walker malformation......Page 27
Persistent Blake’s pouch cyst......Page 28
Mega cisterna magna......Page 29
References......Page 30
Technical aspects......Page 32
The Multiplanar or Orthogonal Display Mode......Page 33
Inversion Mode......Page 34
Surface Rendering......Page 35
Transparency Mode......Page 38
Advantages of 3D Ultrasound......Page 39
Specific Advantages of 3D Ultrasound During Fetal Neuroscan......Page 40
Limitations of 3D Ultrasound......Page 41
References......Page 42
Proper technique......Page 44
Neural tube defects......Page 45
Hemivertebrae......Page 50
Tethered spinal cord or occult spinal dysraphism......Page 52
References......Page 53
Normal cortical development......Page 55
Focal cerebrocortical dysgenesis......Page 57
Lissencephaly......Page 58
Schizencephaly......Page 65
References......Page 66
Cysts of extra-axial origin......Page 67
Intraparenchymal cysts......Page 69
Intraventricular cysts......Page 70
References......Page 71
Fetal MR imaging technique andnbsplimitations......Page 73
MR imaging safety......Page 74
Ventriculomegaly......Page 75
Callosal agenesis......Page 77
Transmantle Cortical Dysplasia with Balloon Cells......Page 79
Classical Lissencephaly......Page 80
Heterotopia......Page 81
Congenital Muscular Dystrophy......Page 82
Holoprosencephaly......Page 83
Hemorrhage and vascular malformations......Page 85
Vascular insults and twin-twin transfusion......Page 86
Abnormalities of the posterior fossa......Page 87
Chiari II......Page 90
Congenital neoplasm......Page 91
References......Page 92
Normal skull and shape variations......Page 97
Craniosynostosis......Page 99
Spina bifida......Page 101
Cephalocele......Page 102
Microcephaly......Page 103
Osteogenesis Imperfecta......Page 104
Three-dimensional ultrasound of the fetal cranium......Page 105
References......Page 106
Diagnostic Approach to Prenatally Diagnosed Limb Abnormalities......Page 109
Step II-Look for Other Abnormalities (Isolated versus Nonisolated Limb Abnormalities)......Page 110
Step IV-Obtain the Family History......Page 111
Clinodactyly......Page 112
Camptodactyly......Page 114
Clubhand......Page 115
Polydactyly......Page 118
Ectrodactyly (Split Hand/Split Foot)......Page 119
Syndactyly......Page 120
References......Page 121
