Advanced Materials for Biomedical Applications

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
Editors
Contributors
1 Recent advancements and future trends in next-generation materials for biomedical applications
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Need of smart materials in biomedical applications
1.3 Types of smart materials
1.3.1 Piezoelectric materials
1.3.2 Shape memory alloys
1.3.3 Magnetostrictive materials
1.3.4 Responsive polymer gels
1.4 Recent advancements in materials for biomedical applications
1.5 Applications of next-generation materials in biomedicine
1.5.1 Advanced materials for biomedical implants and surgical tools
1.5.2 Advancements in shoulder arthroplasty
1.5.3 Advancements in OPMF/KGG biocomposites for biomedical applications
1.5.4 Advancements in coir fibre/KGG biocomposites
1.5.5 Advancements in microfluidics for isolation of tumour cells
1.5.6 Advancements in finishing processes of biomedical tools and implants
1.5.7 Advancements in biomaterials for femur bone fracture and healing
1.5.8 Advancements in biopolymer and biocomposites for orthopaedic and other biomedical applications
1.6 Conclusions
References
2 Advanced materials in biological implants and surgical tools
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Implantable devices and surgical tools
2.1.1.1 Cardiovascular implants
2.1.1.2 Central and peripheral neural implants
2.1.1.3 Orthopaedic implants
2.1.1.4 Dental implants
2.2 Biomaterials
2.2.1 Biometals
2.2.2 Bioceramics
2.2.2.1 Alumina
2.2.2.2 Zirconia
2.2.2.3 Pyrolytic carbon
2.2.2.4 Bioglass and glass ceramics
2.2.2.5 Calcium phosphate
2.2.3 Biopolymers
2.3 Smart materials
2.4 Properties of materials in biomedical applications
2.4.1 Biocompatibility
2.4.2 Mechanical forces on implants
2.4.3 Sterilizability
2.4.4 Biofunctionality
2.4.5 Wear resistance
2.4.6 Manufacturability
2.5 Recent trends in bio-implants and surgical tools
2.6 Conclusions and future scope
References
3 Design and fabrication of augmented glenoid implants in total shoulder arthroplasty
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Concept of total shoulder arthroplasty
3.2.1 Shoulder anatomy
3.2.2 Shoulder joint replacement
3.3 Materials in total shoulder arthroplasty applications
3.3.1 Polyethylene
3.3.2 Titanium alloys
3.3.3 Cobalt alloys
3.3.4 Stainless steel
3.3.5 Bioceramics
3.4 Complications of total shoulder arthroplasty
3.4.1 Glenoid component loosening
3.4.2 Glenoid with osteoarthritis
3.4.3 Glenoid morphology
3.4.4 Management of glenoid erosion
3.5 Augmented glenoid component designs
3.6 Finite element analysis for studying augmented glenoid component
3.6.1 Construction of the FE model
3.6.2 FE studies of augmented glenoid component
3.7 Fabrication methods assisting shoulder arthroplasty
3.7.1 Laser beam melting
3.7.2 Fused deposition modeling
3.8 Summary
References
4 Fabrication and cost optimization of 3D printed mandible for applications in dentistry
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and methods
4.2.1 Processing parameters of 3D printing selection by QFD
4.2.2 Establishing relationships
4.3 Results and discussion of "deployment of VOC"
4.4 Conclusions and future scope
References
5 Synthesis, properties, and applications of PEEK-based biomaterials
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Historical background of PEEK materials
5.3 Structure of PAEK (PEK, PEKK, and PEEK)
5.3.1 Polyetherketone (PEK)
5.3.2 Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK)
5.3.3 Polyether ether ketone (PEEK)
5.4 Material properties of PEEK
5.5 Synthesis of PEEK composites
5.5.1 Injection moulding
5.5.2 Compression moulding
5.5.3 Additive manufacturing
5.6 Composition of PEEK
5.6.1 Binary composition
5.6.1.1 Hydroxyapatite (HA)-PEEK composites
5.6.1.2 Carbon fibre-PEEK composites
5.6.2 Ternary PEEK composites
5.6.2.1 CNT-BG-PEEK composites
5.6.2.2 CF-HA-PEEK composites
5.7 Characterization of PEEK composites
5.7.1 X-ray diffraction
5.7.2 Scanning electron microscopy
5.7.3 Raman spectroscopy
5.8 Properties of PEEK composites
5.8.1 Biocompatibility
5.8.2 Bioactivity
5.8.3 Bio-tribology
5.8.4 Biomechanics
5.9 Applications
References
6 Morphology and Dielectric Characteristics of OPMF/KGG biocomposites
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Materials and methods
6.2.1 Raw materials
6.2.1.1 Alkali treatment
6.2.1.2 Resin preparation
6.2.1.3 Preparation of composites
6.2.2 Methods
6.2.2.1 Dielectric measurements
6.2.2.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy
6.3 Results and discussion
6.3.1 Dielectric properties
6.3.2 Dielectric strength
6.3.3 Dielectric losses
6.3.4 SEM
6.4 Conclusions and future scope
References
7 Physical Properties of Surface Modification Impact on Coir Fiber/KGG biocomposites
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Materials and methods
7.2.1 Materials
7.2.1.1 Alkaline treatment
7.2.1.2 Resin preparation
7.2.1.3 Fabrication of composites
7.2.2 Methods
7.2.2.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
7.2.2.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy
7.3 Results and discussion
7.3.1 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
7.3.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy
7.4 Conclusions
References
8 Thermo-Mechanical and Morphological analysis of PF/KGG bio-composites
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Materials and methods
8.2.1 Materials
8.2.1.1 Fiber treatment
8.2.1.2 Resin preparation
8.2.1.3 Fabrication of composites
8.2.2 Experiments
8.2.2.1 Mechanical testing
8.2.2.2 Scanning Electron Microscopy
8.2.2.3 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
8.3 Results and discussion
8.3.1 Tensile test
8.3.2 Melting characteristics and crystallization temperature of composites
8.3.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy
8.4 Conclusions and future scope
References
9 Posture analysis: current status and future trends
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Current clinical balance assessment techniques
9.3 Posture control and analysis
9.3.1 Postural control
9.3.2 Postural analysis
9.3.3 Postural analysis of an open-source database
9.3.3.1 COP reference range for all subjects
9.3.3.2 Gender-specific COP reference range
9.3.3.3 COP of subjects with certain pathology
9.4 Conclusions and future work
Acknowledgment
References
10 Turing test to validate perceptually reduced model for needle insertion simulation
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Biomechanics of needle insertion
10.1.2 Role of psychophysics in needle insertion procedures
10.2 Methodology
10.2.1 Experimental system to measure needle-tissue interaction forces
10.2.2 Needle-tissue interaction force modeling
10.2.3 Human perception filtering
10.2.4 Experimental validation: Turing test
10.3 Results and discussion
10.3.1 Experiment 1: comparison with physical phantom
10.3.2 Stage 2 experiment
10.4 Conclusions and future scope
Acknowledgments
References
11 Microfluidics-based isolation of circulating tumor cells
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Metastasis
11.2.1 Circulating tumor cells
11.3 Microfluidic technologies for isolation of CTCs
11.3.1 Affinity-based strategies
11.3.1.1 Positive selection process
11.3.1.2 Negative selection process
11.3.2 Label-free strategies
11.3.2.1 Size-based passive filtration
11.3.2.2 Deformability (stiffness)-based sorting
11.3.2.3 Deterministic lateral displacement
11.3.2.4 Dielectrophoresis
11.4 Conclusions
References
12 Advanced abrasive-based nano-finishing process parameter study for biomedical implants
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Advanced abrasive-based finishing processes
12.2 Methodology
12.2.1 Development and process parameters of AFM
12.2.2 Development and process parameters of MRF
12.2.3 Development and process parameters of MRAFF
12.3 Conclusions
References
13 Thermal and dynamic mechanical analysis of oil palm mesocarp fiber/Kondagogu gum biocomposites
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Materials and methods
13.2.1 Materials
13.2.1.1 Alkali treatment
13.2.1.2 Preparation of resin
13.2.1.3 Fabrication of biocomposites
13.2.2 Methods
13.2.2.1 Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
13.2.2.2 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
13.2.2.3 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
13.3 Results and discussion
13.3.1 Dynamic mechanical analysis properties
13.3.2 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
13.3.3 Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)
13.4 Conclusions and future scope
References
14 Biomedical study of femur bone fracture and healing
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Internal fixation for fracture
14.3 Current status of research
14.4 Boundary conditions
14.5 Results and discussion
14.5.1 Structural analysis results
14.6 Crack analysis and healing of fractured bone
14.7 Conclusions and future scope
References
15 Bio-based environmentally benign polymeric resorbable materials for orthopedic fixation applications
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Bone and bone fracture statics
15.3 Resorbable polymers in scaffolds and implants
15.4 Bone fixation implants
15.5 Hydrolytic degradation of resorbable polymers
15.6 Latest trends in polymeric resorbable materials for biomedical applications
15.7 Challenges
15.8 Applications of resorbable materials based in other biomedical applications
15.8.1 Suture
15.8.2 Drug delivery
15.8.3 Tissue culture
15.8.4 Artificial blood vessels
15.8.5 Artificial nerve regeneration
15.9 Conclusions
References
Index