Advanced Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation of Water: Comparative Study of Water Pollution Index during Pre-industrial, Industrial Period and Prospect of Wastewater Treatment for Water Resource Conservation

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Industrial Wastewater: Characteristics, Treatment Techniques and Reclamation of Water
1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Guidelines for Wastewater Discharge into the Environment
1.1.2 Types of Industries on the Basis of Wastewater Production
1.2 Characteristics of Industrial Wastewater
1.2.1 Physical Characteristics
1.2.2 Chemical Characteristics
1.2.3 Biological Characteristics
1.3 Industrial Wastewater Treatment Techniques
1.3.1 Pre-treatment Methods
1.3.2 Primary Treatment
1.3.3 Secondary Treatment
1.3.4 Tertiary Treatment
1.4 Advanced Treatment and Purification of Treated Water for Reclamation
1.4.1 Disinfection
1.4.2 Carbon Adsorption
1.4.3 Ion Exchange
1.4.4 Granular Media Filters
1.4.5 Bioremediation
1.4.6 Automatic Variable Filtration System
1.5 Conclusion and Future Prospects
1.6 Summary
References
2 Advanced Treatment Technologies for Industrial Wastewater
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Membrane Based Technologies
2.2.1 Pressure Driven Membrane Processes
2.2.2 Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes
2.2.3 Hybrid Membrane Processes
2.3 Advanced Oxidation Processes
2.4 Nanotechnology Based Processes
2.4.1 Nanoparticles Based Treatment
2.4.2 Nano-Photo Catalysis
2.5 Miscellaneous Wastewater Treatment Technologies
2.5.1 Cavitation
2.5.2 Wet Air Oxidation
2.6 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
3 Advances & Trends in Advance Oxidation Processes and Their Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)
3.2.1 Ozone Based AOPs
3.2.2 Fenton Based AOPs
3.2.3 Sonolysis
3.2.4 Electro-Chemical Oxidation
3.2.5 Photocatalysis
3.2.6 Photolysis
3.2.7 Wet Air Oxidation
3.3 Recent Trends in AOPs
3.3.1 Cavitation
3.3.2 Ionizing Radiation
3.3.3 Hybrid Methods
3.4 Conclusion and Way Forward
References
4 Microbial Aspect in Wastewater Management: Biofilm
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Sources Causing Pollution in Water
4.3 Physical and Chemical Methods in Wastewater Treatment
4.3.1 Disadvantages of Physical and Chemical Treatment
4.4 Microbial Aspect of Wastewater Treatment
4.4.1 Biofilm Based Bioreactors
4.4.2 Trickling Filter (TF)
4.4.3 Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs)
4.4.4 Membrane Biofilm Reactor (MBR)
4.4.5 Fluidized-Bed Reactors (FBR)
4.4.6 Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBR)
4.5 Activated Sludge
4.6 Film and Floating Plants
4.7 Heavy Metal Remedy
4.8 Biofilm Controls Oil Spill Pollution
4.9 Future Aspect
4.10 Conclusion
References
5 Heavy Metals Removal Techniques from Industrial Waste Water
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Noxious Heavy Metals
5.2 Wastewater Treatment Method
5.2.1 Physico-Chemical Methods
5.2.2 Ion Exchange
5.2.3 Adsorption
5.2.4 Electrochemical Treatments
5.2.5 Recent Advance Techniques
5.2.6 Photocatalysis Technique
5.3 Conclusion and Future Aspects
References
6 Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for the Treatment of Petrochemical Industry Wastewater
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Petrochemical Wastewater Characteristics and Discharge Standards
6.3 Ramifications of Petrochemical Industry Wastewaters on Environment
6.4 Petrochemical Industry Wastewaters Treatment Technologies
6.4.1 Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Petrochemical Wastewater
6.5 Energy Consumption in Advanced Oxidation Processes
6.6 Conclusions
6.7 Future Perspectives
References
7 Removal of Endocrine-Disrupting Compounds by Wastewater Treatment
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Source of EDCs
7.3 Hazard Identification Based on the Key Characteristics of Endocrine Disruptors
7.4 Mode of Action of EDCs
7.5 Impact on Human Health
7.6 Elimination Techniques of EDCs from Wastewater
7.6.1 Advanced Oxidation Process
7.6.2 Photocatalytic Degradation
7.6.3 Coagulation Processes
7.6.4 Membrane Separation Process
7.6.5 Adsorption Process
7.7 Threat Evaluation and Approaches Towards Preventions
7.8 Conclusion
References
8 Ballast Water System Treatment Techniques in Marine Transportation Industry: A Case Study of M/V LOCH MELFORT
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Related Works
8.3 Methodologies
8.3.1 Water Treatment by UV Ray
8.3.2 Chemical Treatment Method
8.4 Results and Discussion
8.5 Conclusion Remarks
References
9 Science and Technology Roadmap for Adsorption of Metallic Contaminants from Aqueous Effluents Using Biopolymers and Its’ Derivatives
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Different Types of Biopolymers
9.2.1 Chitin
9.2.2 Chitosan
9.2.3 Cellulose
9.2.4 Starch
9.2.5 Alginate
9.3 Ligno-Cellulosic Residues
9.3.1 Composition of Ligno-Cellulosic Materials/Residues
9.3.2 Ligno-Cellulosic Materials for Heavy Metals Removal
9.4 Conclusion
References
10 Impact of Industrial Wastewater on Environment and Human Health
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Physico-chemical Characteristics of Wastewater from Different Industries
10.2.1 Agricultural and Food Industrial Wastewater
10.2.2 Personal Care Products and Pharmaceutical Industries Wastewater
10.2.3 Iron and Steel Industry Wastewater
10.2.4 Mining and Quarries Industry Wastewater
10.2.5 Paper Mill Industry Wastewater
10.2.6 Textile Industry Wastewater
10.2.7 Complex Organic Chemical Industries Wastewater
10.2.8 Soap and Detergent Industries Wastewater
10.2.9 Battery Manufacturing Industry Wastewater
10.3 Impact of Industrial Wastewater
10.3.1 Environmental Hazards of Industrial Waste Effluents
10.3.2 Impact of Industrial Waste Water on Health
10.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects
References
11 Fundamentals of Adsorption Process onto Carbon, Integration with Biological Process for Treating Industrial Waste Water: Future Perspectives and Challenges
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Classification of Activated Carbon Used as Adsorbent for Waste Water Treatment
11.2.1 Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)
11.2.2 Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)
11.3 Fundamental of Adsorption Process for Removal of Aqueous Pollutant from Industrial Effluents
11.4 Mechanism for Transportation of Pollutant-Solute (Adsorbate) Particles Inside the Carbon Matrix (Adsorbent) During Wastewater Treatment
11.4.1 Bulk Transportation of Solution
11.4.2 External/Peripheral Diffusion
11.4.3 Internal/Interior/Intraparticle Diffusion
11.4.4 Adsorption
11.5 Types of Carbon Reactors Used for Industrial Waste Water Treatment
11.5.1 Reactors Using PAC
11.5.2 Reactors Using GAC
11.6 Application of Activated Carbon (AC) in Secondary and Tertiary Phase Treatment for Purification of Industrial Waste Water
11.6.1 Application of PAC in Secondary and Tertiary Phase Treatment
11.6.2 Application of GAC in Secondary and Tertiary Phase Treatment
11.7 Integration of Biological System with Activated Carbon: Mechanism
11.7.1 Retention Properties of Non-biodegradable and Slow Biodegradable Organic Molecules Over the Surface of AC
11.7.2 Retaining Properties of Toxic Substances Over the Surface of AC
11.7.3 Substrate Concentration Over the Surface of AC
11.7.4 Retaining Properties of Volatile (VOCs) Chemicals Over AC
11.7.5 Growth of Microbes Over the Surface of AC
11.7.6 Bio-regeneration of AC Surface
11.8 Conclusion
References
12 Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Waste to Amorphous Phase Carbon for Treating Industrial Waste Water
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Thermochemical Conversion of Ligno-Cellulosic Fibers: Critical Aspects and Effective Strategy for Strengthening the Sustainable Development of Green/Circular Economy
12.3 Source, Properties and Potential of Using Ligno-Cellulosic Fiber
12.4 Ligno-Cellulosic Biomass-A Potential Candidate for Biosorption
12.5 Physiochemical Properties of Sorbent Affecting Adsorption
12.5.1 Surface Area
12.5.2 Physiochemical Properties of the Adsorbate/Pollutants
12.5.3 pH
12.5.4 Temperature
12.5.5 Pore Size Distribution
12.5.6 Surface Functional Groups
12.6 Derivatives of Ligno-Cellulosic Biomass to Treat Industrial Effluents
12.6.1 Biochar
12.6.2 Activated Carbon
12.7 Conclusion
References
Index