Advanced Fiber Access Networks takes a holistic view of broadband access networks―from architecture to network technologies and network economies. The book reviews pain points and challenges that broadband service providers face (such as network construction, fiber cable efficiency, transmission challenges, network scalability, etc.) and how these challenges are tackled by new fiber access transmission technologies, protocols and architecture innovations. Chapters cover fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) applications as well as fiber backhauls in other access networks such as 5G wireless and hybrid-fiber-coax (HFC) networks. In addition, it covers the network economy, challenges in fiber network construction and deployment, and more.
Finally, the book examines scaling issues and bottlenecks in an end-to-end broadband network, from Internet backbones to inside customer homes, something rarely covered in books.
Author(s): Cedric F. Lam, Shuang Yin, Tao Zhang
Publisher: Academic Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 286
City: London
Title Page
Copyright
Preface
Reference
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Reference
Introduction
Drivers and applications for broadband access
History and roadmap of broadband access development
Fiber-to-the-home advantages and its future
FTTH vs wireless access network architectures
Energy efficiency of FTTH networks
Other consideration of Fiber vs wireless access networks
Spectrum availability
RF frequency, propagation, and capacity
Upgrade
Reliability
Initial capital cost and time to market
Maintenance, operation cost, and complexity
Demographics
The future of FTTH
Status of FTTH developments around the world
References
Overview of fiber access architectures and mature PON standards
Introduction
FTTX architectures
Home-run fiber, TDM, WDM, and TWDM
FTTX systems with distributed OLT in the field
Mature PON standards
Burst-mode operation in TDM-PONs
IEEE 802.3, FSAN, and ITU-T
Gigabit TDM-PON standards
10Gbps TDM-PON standards
TWDM-PON standards
References
Advanced TDM-PON standards
Introduction
IEEE 802.3ca 25G/50G-EPON
System architecture
Physical layer design
Channel bonding
Latest 25G-PON status
ITU-T G.hsp.x 50G-PON and beyond
System architecture
Physical layer design
Summary
References
WDM in fiber access networks
Introduction
ITU-T G.989 NG-PON2
NG-PON2 background
NG-PON2 system architecture and channel models
Implementation challenges of NG-PON2
NG-PON2 OLT
Colorless TWDM ONU
Burst-mode-induced transient upstream wavelength excursion
Tunable receivers
Reach extender and optical amplification in NG-PON2
PtP wavelengths and AMCC
Lessons learned from NG-PON2
Super-PON and IEEE 802.3cs
Challenges in network infrastructure build-out
Go-long: A prestandard super-PON
System architecture and link budget requirements
Wavelength multiplexing and Demultiplexing
Optical amplification
Downstream amplification
Gain clamping in the upstream amplification
Downstream and upstream: C-band vs L-band
WDM transceivers
OLT transceiver
ONT transceiver
Wavelength tuning
Redundancies in super-PON
Deployment and operational benefits of super-PON
Consolidation of CO
Benefits of thinner fiber cables
Super-PON as an alternative to distributed OLTs
Super-PON deployment
Thin-fiber super-PON architecture
IEEE 802.3cs
Background
PMD specification method
Wavelength plan
Dispersion compensation
Raman effect and optical link power budget
Raman effect
PCS and MAC layer specifications
Wavelength tuning
ITU-T G.9807.3
ITU-T G.698.4 (G.Metro)
References
Optical transceiver circuits for advanced PON implementations
Introduction
Optical transceiver
Optical transceivers for PONs
Burst-mode challenges
Laser drivers for TWDM PON networks
Temperature-tuning the laser wavelength
Extending the wavelength tuning range
Wavelength drift suppression
Discussion
References
Fiber access technologies on the horizon
Introduction
Digital signal processing
Advanced modulation formats
Electrical duobinary
Optical duobinary
4-level pulsed amplitude modulation
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and discrete multitone
Equalization
Forward error correction
Coherent detection
Photonic integration
Summary
Appendix
EDB encoding and decoding operations
ODB encoding and decoding operations
References
End-to-end fiber access system & network scaling
Introduction
High-level network architecture and hierarchy
PON redundancy
G-PON/XGS-PON redundancy
Super-PON redundancy
Economic tradeoff and benefits
OLT, BNG, edge cache & computing
Network traffic characteristics, their effects on network system designs, and the Muxtender
How much bandwidth do customers need
Equivalent circuit rate model
How to offer gigabit services on G-PON
Higher-speed PON systems
The Muxternder for TDM-PONs
Muxtender in the presence of PON redundancy
The Muxtender implementation
Network expansion and upgrade with the Muxtender
Muxtender economics
Muxtender for super-PON
Fiber access network bottlenecks
Multicast vs. unicast
Open OLT and disaggregated PON network systems
Limits of traditional chassis-based access network system
Open disaggregated broadband access networks
SDN in access network and ONF R-CORD/SEBA effort
VOLTHA: Virtual OLT hardware abstraction layer
BNG and OLT functions
Convergence of wireline and wireless network systems
Super-PON and SEBA
References
Converged fiber-wireless networks
Wireless networks basics
Wireless network anatomy
Radio spectrum and propagation
Fronthaul and CPRI
C-RAN
5G wireless networks
eCPRI
Transmission requirements for x-haul links
Fiber access networks for broadband wireless access
Fiber Fronthaul architectures
Super-PON and wireless access
Gigabit access networks: fiber vs. 5G wireless
A converged fiber-wireless network infrastructure example
Data plane convergence
FTTH vs. FWA data plane architecture
Fiber-wireless access network data plane convergence
References
Index
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