Advanced Carbon Materials and Technology

Content: Preface xiii Part 1 Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes and Fullerenes 1 1 Synthesis, Characterization and Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene: A Glimpse of Their Application 3 Mahe Talat and O.N. Srivastava 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Synthesis and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes 5 1.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene 11 1.4 Methods Used in Our Lab: CVD, Thermal Exfoliation, Arc Discharge and Chemical Reduction 14 1.5 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene 19 1.6 Applications 24 1.7 Conclusion 29 Acknowledgements 29 References 30 2 Surface Modification of Graphene 35 Tapas Kuila, Priyabrata Banerjee and Naresh Chandra Murmu 2.1 Introduction 36 2.2 Surface-Modified Graphene from GO 39 2.3 Application of Surface-Modified Graphene 70 2.4 Conclusions and Future Directions of Research 75 Acknowledgement 77 References 77 3 Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-based Electrochemical Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring 87 G. Alarcon-Angeles, G.A. Alvarez-Romero and A. Merkoci 3.1 Introduction 88 3.2 Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors 97 3.3 Conclusions and Future Perspectives 121 References 121 4 Catalytic Application of Carbon-based Nanostructured Materials on Hydrogen Sorption Behavior of Light Metal Hydrides 129 Rohit R Shahi and O.N. Srivastava 4.1 Introduction 130 4.2 Different Carbon Allotropes 133 4.3 Carbon Nanomaterials as Catalyst for Different Storage Materials 135 4.4 Key Results with MgH2, NaAlH4 and Li-Mg-N-H Systems 137 4.5 Summary 164 Acknowledgements 165 References 165 5 Carbon Nanotubes and Their Applications 173 Mohan Raja and J. Subha 5.1 Introduction 173 5.2 Carbon Nanotubes Structure 174 5.3 Carbon Nanotube Physical Properties 176 5.4 Carbon Nanotube Synthesis and Processing 177 5.5 Carbon Nanotube Surface Modification 178 5.6 Applications of Carbon Nanotubes 179 5.7 Conclusion 187 References 187 6 Bioimpact of Carbon Nanomaterials 193 A. Djordjevic, R. Injac, D. Jovic, J. Mrdjanovic and M. Seke 6.1 Biologically Active Fullerene Derivatives 194 6.2 Biologically Active Graphene Materials 219 6.3 Bioimpact of Carbon Nanotubes 230 6.4 Genotoxicity of Carbon Nanomaterials 238 6.5 Ecotoxicological Effects of Carbon Nanomaterials 247 References 251 Part 2 Composite Materials 273 7 Advanced Optical Materials Modified with Carbon Nano-Objects 275 Natalia V. Kamanina 7.1 Introduction 275 7.2 Photorefractive Features of the Organic Materials with Carbon Nanoparticles 279 7.3 Homeotropic Alignment of the Nematic Liquid Crystals Using Carbon Nanotubes 297 7.4 Thin Film Polarization Elements and Their Nanostructurization via CNTs 303 7.5 Spectral and Mechanical Properties of the Inorganic Materials via CNTs Application 307 7.6 Conclusion 310 Acknowledgments 311 References 312 8 Covalent and Non-Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes 317 Tawfi k A. Saleh and Vinod K. Gupta 8.1 Introduction 317 8.2 Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes 318 8.3 Covalent Functionalization 318 8.4 Non-Covalent Functionalization 320 8.5 Functionalization of CNT with Nanoparticles 320 8.6 Conclusion 326 Acknowledgment 327 References 327 9 Metal Matrix Nanocomposites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes 331 Praveennath G. Koppad, Vikas Kumar Singh, C.S. Ramesh, Ravikiran G. Koppad and K.T. Kashyap 9.1 Introduction 332 9.2 Carbon Nanotubes 333 9.3 Processing and Microstructural Characterization of Metal Matrix Nanocomposites 338 9.4 Mechanical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites 353 9.5 Strengthening Mechanisms 361 9.6 Thermal Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites 363 9.7 Tribological Properties of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Metal Matrix Nanocomposites 366 9.8 Challenges 368 9.9 Concluding Remarks 371 References 371 Part 3 Fly Ash Engineering and Cryogels 377 10 Aluminum/Fly Ash Syntactic Foams: Synthesis, Microstructure and Properties 379 Dung D. Luong, Nikhil Gupta and Pradeep K. Rohatgi 10.1 Introduction 380 10.2 Hollow Particles 382 10.3 Synthesis Methods 388 10.4 Microstructure of Aluminum/Fly Ash Composites 393 10.5 Properties of Aluminum/Fly Ash Syntactic Foams 398 10.6 Applications 409 10.7 Conclusion 411 Acknowledgments 412 References 412 11 Engineering Behavior of Ash Fills 419 Ashutosh Trivedi 11.1 Background 420 11.2 Engineering Evaluation of Cemented Ash Fill 439 11.3 Problems of Uncemented Ash Fill 446 11.4 Ash as a Structural Fill 453 11.5 Conclusions 470 Salutations, Acknowledgement and Disclaimer 470 References 471 12 Carbon-Doped Cryogel Thin Films Derived from Resorcinol Formaldehyde 475 Z. Markoviae, D. Kleut, B. Babiae, I. Holclajtner-Antunoviae , V. Pavlovicae and B. Todoroviae-Markoviae 12.1 Introduction 476 12.2 Experimental Procedure 476 12.3 Results and Discussion 477 12.4 Conclusion 483 Acknowledgements 484 References 484 Index 487