Adult Orthodontics

Adult Orthodontics
Contents
List of Contributors
About the Companion Website
Introduction
Introduction: More than a Century of Progress in Adult Orthodontic Treatment
1 Potential Adult Orthodontic Patients – Who Are They?
Introduction
Who are the patients?
How do the patients express their needs?
The first visit
Communicating with the patient
Summary
References
2 Diagnosis: Chief Complaint and Problem List
Introduction
Workup of a problem list – the interview and chief complaint
General health
Clinical examination
Extraoral examination
Extraoral photographs
Function of the masticatory system
Intraoral analysis – oral health
Evaluation of dental casts – arch form
Occlusal analysis
Space analysis
Cephalometric analysis
Final problem list
Indication for treatment
The presentation of the problem list – the tip of the iceberg
Concluding remarks
References
3 Aetiology
Introduction
Biological background
Aetiology of malocclusions in adults
Age-related changes in the skeleton
Age-related changes in the craniofacial skeleton
Age-related changes in the local environment
Consequences of deterioration of the dentition
Case reports
Conclusion
References
4 Interdisciplinary versus Multidisciplinary Treatments
Interdisciplinary or multidisciplinary treatments
Establishment of an interdisciplinary team
Treatment sequence
Essential and optional treatment procedures
Interaction during treatment
Post-orthodontic treatment
Patient satisfaction
Examples of interdisciplinary cases
References
5 Treatment Planning: The 3D VTO
Determining the treatment goal using the occlusogram
Production of an occlusogram: manual procedure and general concepts
Responding to patients’ needs
Orthodontic treatment: art or science?
References
6 Tissue Reaction
Orthopaedic effects
Orthodontic effects in adult patients
References
7 Appliance Design
Introduction
Treatment goal definition
Anchorage evaluation
Sequencing the treatment into phases
Appliance selection and design
Conclusion
References
8 Anchorage Problems
Introduction
Definition
Classification of anchorage
Intramaxillary anchorage
Differential anchorage
Soft-tissue anchorage
Free anchorage
Intermaxillary anchorage
Occlusion
Differential timing of force application
Conclusion
Extraoral anchorage
Skeletal anchorage
Prosthodontic implants
Temporary anchorage devices
Palatal implants
Palatal mini-implants with abutments, optimal insertion sites and possible mechanics
Implant placement and adaption of the mechanics
Clinical applications for palatal mini-implants
Conclusion
Onplant
Retromolar implants
Immediately loadable devices
Zygoma ligature
Miniplates
Mini-implants
Material
Design of the intraosseous parts
Design of the transmucosal parts
Design of the head of the mini-implant
The screwdriver
Insertion site
Insertion
Antibiotics
Load transfer
Tissue reaction to loading
Loading
Orthodontic mechanics
Alternative application of TADs used as anchorage
Indications
Complications
What happens if the screw touches a root?
Failures
Problems related to the mini-implant and solutions
Problems related to the insertion procedure
Problems related to the patient
Future of TADs
References
9 Bonding Problems Related to Adult Reconstructed Dentitions
Introduction
Brackets
The Basis of the Bonding Clinical Procedure
Banding
Auxiliary Attachments and Aesthetic Buttons
Anchorage Needs and Reinforcement
Bonded Retainers
References
10 Material-Related Adverse Reactions in Orthodontics
Introduction
Fixed appliances
Removable appliances
Miscellaneous materials
Concluding remarks
References
11 Patients with Periodontal Problems
Prevalence of periodontal disease
Malocclusion and periodontal disease
Orthodontics and periodontal disease
Indications for orthodontic treatment in periodontally involved patients
Treatment of patients with flared and extruded upper incisors
Tissue reaction to intrusion of teeth with horizontal bone loss
Treatment of patients with vertical bone defects
What are the periodontal limits for orthodontic tooth movement?
Sequence of treatment in periodontally involved patients
Conclusion regarding influence of orthodontic treatment on periodontal status
References
12 A Systematic Approach to the Orthodontic Treatment of Periodontally Involved Anterior Teeth
Single tooth gingival recession
Progressive spacing of incisors
Case reports
Management of periodontally involved teeth
References
13 Interdisciplinary Collaboration between Orthodontics and Periodontics
Introduction
Periodontal diagnosis
History taking and clinical and radiographic examination
Screening for periodontal disease
Local factors predisposing to periodontal therapy
Timing of ortho–perio treatment
Periodontal therapy
Surgical therapy
Mucogingival and aesthetic surgery
Regenerative surgical therapy
Supportive periodontal treatment
Ortho–perio and multidisciplinary clinical cases
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
14 Prosthetically Guided Orthodontic Strategies
Introduction
Interdisciplinary treatment planning: orthodontics in periodontal prosthesis
Prosthodontic indications for orthodontic therapy
Pre-prosthodontic orthodontics
Role of temporisation in interdisciplinary treatment
Prosthodontic finalisation
References
15 Patients with Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Problems
Orthodontics and dysfunction
Controversy in the literature regarding TMD and occlusion
Treatment and TMD
Treatment of clicking joints
Orthodontic treatment of patients with TMD
Organisation of the treatment
Conclusion
References
16 Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
Introduction
Classification and epidemiology
Diagnostic procedures
Risk factors and aetiology
Pathophysiology
Management
Summary
References
17 Clear Aligners and Their Role in Orthodontics
History of aligners
Difference between aligner treatments and conventional orthodontic treatments
What types of patients are seeking aligner treatments?
Pre-treatment considerations
What has to be evaluated before the aligners are produced?
Force-driven or displacement-driven aligners?
Invisalign®
Orthocaps®
Studies on treatment efficacy and efficiency of aligner
What role will the aligners play in the future?
Conclusion
References
18 Progressive Slenderising Technique
Definition and objectives
Anthropological justification of slenderising
Influence of slenderising on dental plaque, caries and periodontal disease
Indications
Contraindications
Advantages of slenderising
How much enamel can be stripped?
Special considerations
Instrumentation for slenderising
Progressive slenderising technique
Slenderising with aligners
The design and planning of the slenderising and preventing risks in slenderising
Stripping and Bolton index
How much enamel can be worn out?
Facial and dental midlines
Teeth size
Design and planning of the stripping
Progressive stripping technique
Case reports
References
19 Post-Treatment Maintenance
Stability
Biological maintenance
Mechanical maintenance – retention
Intermaxillary retention
Active retention plates
Latest technology in retainers fabrication (bonded and vacuum-formed)
Virtual removal of fixed appliances and or attachments to fabricate retainers
Retention after aligner orthodontic treatments
Future developments
Conclusion
References
20 Treatment Duration: Can It be Shortened?
Introduction
Adjuncts to accelerate tooth movements
Treatment-related factors
Conclusions
References
21 What are the Limits of Orthodontic Treatment?
What determines the limits?
Reference
Index
EULA