Adult Development and Aging

Tittle
Expanded Contents
CHAPTER 1 ADULT DEVELOPMENT AND AGING: AN INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
Why Study Adult Development and Aging?
What Is Developmental Psychology?
Theoretical Issues in the Study of Adult Development and Aging
Research Focus 1.1 Personal Control and Successful Aging
Forms of Adult Developmental Change
The Concept of Age
Successful Aging
Cohort Effects
Conceptual Paradigms for the Study of Adult Development
Research Focus 1.2 Do Individuals Develop Psychologically in Response to Facing Adversity?
Overview of the Text
Domains of Development
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
CHAPTER 2 CULTURAL AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY
INTRODUCTION
Characteristics of the Adult Population in the United States
The Graying of America
Age Structure
Life Expectancy
Research Focus 2.1 Will Average Life Expectancies Continue to Increase?
Research Focus 2.2 There Are at Least Eight Americas
Longevity
Research Focus 2.3 Evolution of Longevity and Intergenerational Support
Research Focus 2.4 Culture and Toxic Lifestyles
Social and Economic Impact of an Aging Population
Social Class, Poverty, and Housing
Health Care Costs
Attitudes, Stereotypes, and Ageism
Ageism
Aging and Culture
Social Dimensions of Aging
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
CHAPTER 3 PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSORY AND PROCESSES
INTRODUCTION
Why Do We Age?
Biogenetics of Longevity
Research Focus 3.1 Premature Aging: Progeria and Werner Syndrome
Research Focus 3.2 Neural Degeneration, Neurogenesis, and Cognitive Reserve
Antiaging Interventions
Biological Aging
Sensory and Perceptual Processes
Research Focus 3.3 Aging and Peak Athletic Performance
Aging and Physical Ability
Brain Aging
Alzheimer’s Disease
Research Focus 3.4 Postponing and Preventing Alzheimer’s Disease
Other Dementias
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
CHAPTER 4 COPING AND ADAPTATION
INTRODUCTION
Life Events, Adaptation, Coping, and Developmental Change
Research Focus 4.1 Understanding Risks and Taking Risks: Biodevelopmental Changes
Ways of Coping with Stressful Events
What Is a Stressful Life Event?
Measuring the Stressfulness of Life Events
Cognitive-Emotional Processes in Coping
Research Focus 4.2 Why Do We Allow Ourselves to Develop in Ways We Do Not Like?
Cognitive Appraisal, Emotional Processes, and Development
Daily Events: Hassles and Uplifts
Allostasis and Allostatic Load
Coping with Life-Threatening Illness: Meaning, Mastery, and Self-Enhancement
Life Goals and Life Management
The Timing of Life Events
Coping: Individual Profi les
Research Focus 4.3 Is the Pursuit of Happiness Doomed to Failure?
Coping and Family Caregiving
Effective Coping: Personality, Social Interaction, and Well-Being
Religion, Spirituality, and Coping
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
CHAPTER 5 MENTAL HEALTH INTERVENTIONS
INTRODUCTION
Mental Health in Adulthood
Prevalence and Age of Onset of Mental Disorders
Use of Mental Health Services
Why Are There Developmental Differences in Mental Health?
Research Focus 5.1 Creative Achievement, Eminence, and Psychological Distress
Research Focus 5.2 Intense Emotions Can Inform Self-Understanding
Racial/Ethnic Differences and Disparities in Mental Health
Personality Risk and Mental Health
Depression in Later Life
Suicide
Alcoholism
Interventions: A Developmental Perspective
Research Focus 5.3 Life Events and Alcohol Use: The Tension-Reduction Hypothesis
Research Focus 5.4 Building Community Mental Health: Intergenerational Programs
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
CHAPTER 6 PHYSICAL HEALTH AND AGING
INTRODUCTION
Health-Age Relations: A Framework
Health Status of Older Adults
Research Focus 6.1 The “Weathering” Hypothesis: Why Are There Race Differences in Health?
Health Promotion
Interventions and Health Spans
Health and Longevity
Research Focus 6.2 Slight Genetic Variations on Chromosome 9 Substantially Increase the Risk of Heart Disease and Diabetes
Health and Social Relationships
Institutional Care
Environmental Designs and New Technologies
Research Focus 6.3 Use of Health Information on the Internet
Health Consequences of Physical Aging: Falls
Research Focus 6.4 Falling: Consequences and Causes
Research Focus 6.5 The Marathon Man
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
CHAPTER 7 MEMORY, ATTENTION, AND LEARNING
INTRODUCTION
Self-Conceptions of Age-Related Memory Loss
Varieties of Memory Aging
Research Focus 7.1 Process Dissociation Procedure
Research Focus 7.2 Age Differences in Remembering Versus Knowing the Past
Research Focus 7.3 Aging and Working Memory
Declarative and Nondeclarative Memory
Episodic and Semantic Memory
Autobiographical Memories and Reminiscence
Nondeclarative Memory
Research Focus 7.4 Memory as an Object Versus Memory as a Tool
Priming and Implicit Memory
Conclusions About Aging and Memory
Research Focus 7.5 Can Memory Be Improved?
Attention
Explaining the Effects of Aging on Memory, Attention, and Learning
Normal Versus Neuropathological Memory Loss
Research Focus 7.6 Genuine Memory Defi cits
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
CHAPTER 8 INTELLIGENCE CREATIVITY
INTRODUCTION
The Nature of Intelligence
Developmental Changes in Intelligence
Research Focus 8.1 General Cognitive Ability Predicts Performance in School and in Work
Intellectual Functions and Neurobiological Aging
Research Focus 8.2 Societal Changes and Changes in Intelligence
Intelligence and Everyday Problem Solving
Conclusions About Adult Intellectual Change
Research Focus 8.3 Childhood IQ Predicts Cognitive Performance, Longevity, and Health in Old Age
Research Focus 8.4 Findings of a Strong Relation Between Sensory Functions and Intelligence Suggest a Common Cause of Aging
Creativity
Research Focus 8.5 Mathematically Precocious Kids: What Have They Accomplished as Adults?
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
9 COGNITION, EMOTION, WISDOM, AND EXPERTISE
INTRODUCTION
Biocultural Infl uences
Decision Making and Problem Solving: Sources of Age- Related Differences
Adult Cognition: Processing, Knowing, and Thinking
Cognitive Expertise
Research Focus 9.1 What Does It Take to Become an Expert?
Moral Development
Research Focus 9.2 Intuitions, Emotions, and Reasons in Moral Judgments
Wisdom
Life Management and Goal Orientation
Wisdom, Biological Limits, and Culture
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
10 PERSONALITY
INTRODUCTION
What Is Personality ?
Research Focus 10.1 Gene-Environment Interactions and Personality Outcomes
The Trait Approach to Adult Personality
Research Focus 10.2 Is There a Relationship Between Personality and Mortality?
Patterns of Continuity and Change Across the Adult Life Span
Research Focus 10.3 Are There Sex Differences in Personality?
The Stage Approach to Adult Personality Development
Levels of Personality Reconsidered
Personality and Positive Psychology
Research Focus 10.4 Life Stories and Life Longings
Subjective Well-Being: The Study of Happiness and Life Satisfaction
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
11 PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS
INTRODUCTION
Bases of Personal Relationships and Social Networks
Research Focus 11.1 Social Engagement and Health Outcomes
Building Relationships: Passion, Caring, and Intimacy
Research Focus 11.2 Social Networks Infl uence Obesity
Research Focus 11.3 Predicting Marital Outcomes
Research Focus 11.4 The Precarious Couple Effect
Research Focus 11.5 Is There Such a Thing as a “Broken Heart?”
Research Focus 11.6 Why Do People Care About Other Generations?
Sexuality in Later Life
Research Focus 11.7 Transformations: One Man’s Story
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
12 WORK, LEISURE, AND RETIREMENT
INTRODUCTION
Work Over the Life Cycle
Research Focus 12.1 Workplace Culture: Google
Research Focus 12.2 The Career of the Professional Athlete: Preparation for Retirement?
Research Focus 12.3 Biocultural Co-construction: Can Brain Development Be Infl uenced by Work?
Research Focus 12.4 Managing the Multigenerational Workforce: Is Confl ict Inevitable?
Research Focus 12.5 Taking Time Off: Are Vacations Good for Your Health?
Research Focus 12.6 China Faces an Aging Workforce Ready to Retire
Unemployment
Work and Families
Leisure
Research Focus 12.7 The Experience of Enjoyment or Flow in Work
Research Focus 12.8 Bingo and Casino Gambling as Leisure Activities
Retirement
Research Focus 12.9 Early Retirement: Be Careful What You Wish For
Research Focus 12.10 Cultural Ideals of Retirement in America and India: Volunteer and Sannyasin
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
13 APPROACHING DEATH
INTRODUCTION
Defi nitions of Death
Research Focus 13.1 Brain Death Criteria
Persistent Vegetative State
Decisions Regarding Health Care: Advance Directives
Living Wills, Medical Directives, and Durable Powers of Attorney for Health Care
DNR Orders
Organ Donation
Euthanasia
Research Focus 13.2 Is There a Duty to Die?
Physician-Assisted Suicide
Sociohistorical and Sociocultural Views of Death
Attitudes Toward Death
A Developmental View of Death
Research Focus 13.2a In Person—Preparing for Death
Research Focus 13.3 Eight Myths: Children, Adolescents, and Loss
Near-Death Experiences
Research Focus 13.4 Aging Prisoners’ Concerns Toward Dying in Prison
Kübler-Ross’s Theory
Communication: With the Dying Person
Research Focus 13.5 Signs of Approaching Death
Where We Die
Hospice Programs
Coping With the Death of a Loved One
Forms of Mourning and the Funeral
Research Focus 13.6 Changing Practices Toward Death: Cremation, Personalizing Memorial Services, and Cryonics
The Grieving Process
Stages of Grief
Making Sense Out of Death
Research Focus 13.7 Loss of a Sibling: It’s Impossible to Tell Someone How to Grieve
Types of Deaths That Are Diffi cult to Resolve
Research Focus 13.8 Work, Grief, and Loss
Key Terms
Summary
Review Questions
GLOSSARY
REFERENCES
CREDITS
NAME INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX