Additive Manufacturing of Polymers for Tissue Engineering

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Editors
Contributors
Chapter 1: 3D Bioprinting in Biomedical Applications
1.1 Introduction to 3D Bioprinting Process
1.2 Application of Biomaterials in 3D Bioprinting Process
1.3 3D Bioprinting Techniques
1.3.1 Jetting-Based Bioprinting
1.3.2 Extrusion-Based Bioprinting
1.3.3 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting
1.3.4 Laser-Based Stereolithography
1.3.5 Biomaterials as Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting
1.4 Three-dimensional Bioprinting in Tissue Engineering Applications
1.5 Conclusion and Future Outlook
References
Chapter 2: Polymer 3D Bioprinting for Bionics and Tissue Engineering Applications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Various Polymer 3D Bioprinting Approaches
2.2.1 Jetting-Based Bioprinting
2.2.2 Extrusion-Based Bioprinting
2.2.3 Laser-Assisted Bioprinting
2.2.4 Laser-Based Stereolithography
2.3 Polymers for 3D Bioprinting in Bionics and Tissue Engineering
2.3.1 Thermoplastic Polymers
2.3.2 Thermosetting Polymers
2.3.3 Elastomers
2.3.4 Fiber Reinforcements
2.3.5 Particle Reinforcements
2.3.6 Nanomaterial’s Reinforcements
2.4 Applications of Polymers in Bionics and Tissue Engineering
2.4.1 Scaffold
2.4.2 Stent
2.4.3 Prostheses
2.4.4 Dentistry
2.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: An Introduction to Bio-Implants and Biodegradable Materials: A Review
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Biomaterials
3.3 Properties of Biomaterials
3.4 Biomaterials are Classified Into Four Categories
3.4.1 Metallic Components
3.4.1.1 Permanent Metallic Implants
3.4.1.2 Tantalum-Based Bioimplants
3.4.1.3 Stainless Steel 316L
3.4.1.4 Titanium Alloys
3.4.1.5 Magnesium Alloys
3.4.2 Polymers
3.4.3 Ceramics
3.4.3.1 Alumina
3.4.3.2 Calcium Phosphate
3.4.3.3 Applications of Ceramics
3.4.4 Composites
3.4.4.1 Types of Composites
3.4.4.1.1 Polymer Matrix Composites
3.4.4.1.2 Ceramic Matrix Composites
3.4.5 Biomedical Applications of Composites
3.5 Types of Biomaterials
3.5.1 Chitosan
3.5.1.1 Applications of Chitosan (Cheung et al., 2015 and Kanmani et al., 2017)
3.5.2 Hydroxyapatite
3.5.2.1 Applications of Hydroxyapatite
3.5.3 Bioglass
3.5.3.1 Applications of Bioglass
3.5.4 Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)
3.5.4.1 Applications of Zirconium Dioxide
3.5.5 Magnesium (Mg)
3.5.5.1 Applications of Magnesium
3.5.6 Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)
3.5.6.1 Applications of Titanium Dioxide
3.5.7 Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
3.5.7.1 Applications of Zinc Oxide
3.5.8 Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
3.5.8.1 Applications of Polyvinylpyrrolidone
3.6 Conclusions
References
Chapter 4: Biocompatible and Bioactive Ceramics for Biomedical Applications: Content Analysis
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Materials and Methods
4.3 Content Analysis of Biocompatible and Bioactive Ceramics for Biomedical Applications
4.3.1 Author Keyword Analysis: Biocompatible and Bioactive Ceramics for Biomedical Applications
4.3.2 Index Keywords Analysis: Biocompatible and Bioactive Ceramics for Biomedical Applications
4.3.3 Title and Abstract Terms Analysis
4.4 Concluding Remarks on Content Analysis
4.5 Future Directions and Outlooks
References
Chapter 5: Stimuli Responsive Bio-Based Hydrogels: Potential Employers for Biomedical Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Hydrogels
5.3 Swelling
5.4 Porosity
5.5 Crosslinking
5.6 Mechanical Strength
5.7 Stimuli
5.8 Types of Hydrogels on the Basis of Stimuli
5.9 pH Responsive
5.10 Temperature Responsive
5.11 Ionic Concentration Responsive
5.11.1 Bio-Molecules
5.11.2 Employability
5.12 Biomedical Applications
5.13 Sustainable Drug Release
5.14 Gene Delivery
5.15 Tissue Engineering
5.16 Biosensing
5.17 Wound Dressing
5.18 Antimicrobial Applications
5.19 Future Challenges and Scope
References
Chapter 6: Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering for Craniofacial Deformities
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Craniofacial Deformities
6.3 Tissue Engineering
6.3.1 Scaffold Matrices
6.3.2 Polymeric Scaffolds
6.3.3 Ceramic Scaffolds
6.3.4 Composite Scaffolds
6.3.5 Metallic Scaffolds
6.3.6 Methods of Designing a Scaffold
6.3.7 Additive Manufacturing/3D Acellular Printing
6.3.8 3D Bioprinting
6.4 Selection and Manipulation of Stem Cells
6.4.1 Bone Marrow–Derived Stem Cells
6.4.2 Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
6.4.2.1 Tooth-Derived Stem Cells
6.5 Use of Biologic Signaling Molecules
6.5.1 Bone Morphogenetic Proteins
6.5.2 Platelet-Derived Growth Factors
6.5.3 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
6.5.4 Fibroblast Growth Factors
6.5.5 Platelet-Rich Plasma and Platelet-Rich Fibrin
6.5.6 Transforming Growth Factor-β
6.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 7: Cold Spray Additive Manufacturing: A New Trend in Metal Additive Manufacturing
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Construction and Working of Cold Spray Machine
7.3 Process Parameters
7.4 Properties of CSAM-Fabricated Specimens
7.4.1 Microhardness
7.4.2 Tribological Property
7.4.3 Surface Roughness
7.4.4 Thermo-mechanical Property
7.4.5 Tensile Strength
7.4.6 Fracture Toughness
7.5 Conclusion
References
Chapter 8: Development and Mechanical Characterization of Coir Fiber-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composite
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Chemical Classification of TPU
8.1.1.1 Polyester TPUs
8.1.1.2 Polyether TPUs
8.1.1.3 Polycaprolactone TPUs
8.1.2 Classification of TPUs Based on Aromatic and Aliphatic Varieties
8.1.2.1 Aromatic TPUs
8.1.2.2 Aliphatic TPUs
8.1.3 Physical Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane
8.1.3.1 Shore Hardness
8.1.3.2 Tensile Strength
8.1.3.3 Tear Strength
8.1.3.4 Compression Set
8.1.3.5 Abrasion
8.1.3.6 Shrinkage
8.2 Natural Fiber
8.3 Composite Materials
8.3.1 Composite Materials Phases
8.3.2 Types of Composite Materials
8.3.3 Classification of Composite Materials
8.4 Problem Formulation
8.5 Experimentations
8.5.1 Chemical Treatment of Coir Fiber
8.5.2 Fabrication of Tensile and Flexural Specimens
8.5.3 Investigating the Failure Mode of Tensile Specimen
8.6 Results and Discussion
8.6.1 Tensile Strength at Different Weight Percent of Coir Fiber in the TPU Matrix
8.6.2 Flexural Strength of Different Specimens
8.6.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis
8.7 Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Chapter 9: Advancement in the Fabrication of Composites using Biocompatible Polymers for Biomedical Applications
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Research Background
9.3 Materials
9.3.1 Poly N-Isopropylacrylamide
9.3.2 Poly Lactic Glycolic Acid
9.3.3 Polyglycolic Acid
9.3.4 Polycaprolactone
9.3.5 Polylactide
9.4 Summary
References
Index