The next generation mobile communication networks (4G) have the challenging target of The next generation mobile communication networks (4G) have the challenging target of providing a peak data rate of 1 Gigabit per second local area and 100 Megabit per second wide area. The ability to offer such high data rates in 100MHz bandwidth requires overall a very high spectral efficiency, and hence the need for multi-antenna techniques (MIMO) with spatial multiplexing, fast dynamic link adaptation and packet scheduling, wideband access techniques, and most likely non-contention based spectrum sharing among multiple operators. Many of these required technology components and techniques are well researched and established. Adaptive PHY-MAC Design for Broadband Wireless Systems explains how one can integrate and optimise their use in providing the target cell data rates with high availability. The authors address the ability to cope with interference and enhanced physical layer processing, and simultaneously, the multifaceted system level design. Focus is also on the selection of technology components and techniques, which leads to the highest spectral efficiency and peak data rate availability with reasonable Quality of Service (QoS) support, such as improved outage scenario, reduced delay, guaranteed bit rate, etc.In short, this book will answer questions such as, how individual techniques relate to each other, how can we benefit the gains by suitable combinations of different technologies and how to choose different technological solutions in different scenarios, etc.The next generation mobile communication networks (4G) have the challenging target of The next generation mobile communication networks (4G) have the challenging target of providing a peak data rate of 1 Gigabit per second local area and 100 Megabit per second wide area.
Author(s): Ramjee Prasad, Suvra Sekhar Das, Muhammad Imadur Rahman
Series: River Publishers Series in Communications
Publisher: River Publishers
Year: 2010
Language: English
Pages: 516
City: Gistrup
Cover
Half Title
Series
Title
Copyright
Contents
Dedication
Preface
Acknowledgement
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
1 Introduction
1.1 Growth of Subscribers
1.2 Technology Evolution
1.2.1 2G to 3G
1.2.2 Beyond 3G
1.2.3 3.5G
1.2.4 3rd Generation Partnership Project-Long Term Evolution
1.2.5 4G
1.3 Motivation: Requirements for 4G
1.4 Focus of This Book
1.5 Organization of the Book
2 Wireless Channel, Multicarrier Systems and Cellular Architecture
2.1 Physical Characteristics of Multipath Channels
2.1.1 Multipath Scenario
2.1.2 Doppler Effect
2.1.3 Shadow Fading or Shadowing
2.1.4 Propagation Path Loss
2.2 The Benefit of Using Multicarrier Transmission
2.3 OFDM
2.3.1 OFDM Fundamentals
2.3.2 Parameters Values for OFDM Based Standards
2.4 Multi-User OFDM Systems
2.4.1 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
2.4.2 OFDMA Based Standards
2.5 Multi-Antenna OFDM Systems
2.5.1 Multi-Antenna and Diversity
2.5.2 Multi-Antenna and Spatial Multiplexing
2.5.3 Usability of Multi-Antenna Techniques in OFDM Systems
2.6 Cellular Architecture
2.6.1 Frequency Re-Use
2.6.2 System Capacity and Interference
2.6.3 Percentage Area Coverage
3 Adaptive Subcarrier Bandwidth
3.1 Adaptive Subcarrier Bandwidth in TDM-OFDM
3.1.1 System Description
3.1.2 Analytical Model
3.1.3 Algorithm for Adaptive Bandwidth for Subcarriers
3.1.4 Results and Discussion
3.1.5 Conclusion
3.2 OFDMA Framework
3.2.1 Analytical Model
3.2.2 Results and Discussion
3.2.3 Conclusion
3.3 Summary
4 Variable Guard Interval
4.1 Introduction
4.2 System Description
4.3 Required GI
4.4 Performance and Discussion
4.5 Conclusion
5 Hybrid Multicarrier Spread Spectrum
5.1 Subcarrier Hopping Multicarrier Spread Spectrum
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 System Description
5.1.3 Analytical Model
5.1.4 Simulation Results and Discussion
5.1.5 Conclusion
5.2 MC-SS with Receiver Impairments
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 System Description
5.2.3 Simulation Environment, Results and Discussion
5.2.4 Conclusion
5.3 Summary
6 Coordinated Subcarrier and Band Hopping in OFDMA Systems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Multiple Access (or Channelization) Approach
6.3 User Grouping
6.4 Subcarrier and Band Hopping Strategies
6.5 Transceiver Structure
6.6 Hopping Sequence Design
6.6.1 Facts in Downlink
6.6.2 Design Goal
6.6.3 Assumptions
6.6.4 Physical Considerations
6.6.5 Sequence Design Preliminaries
6.6.6 Slow Band Hopping (SBH)
6.6.7 Fast Band Hopping (FBH)
6.6.8 Sub Carrier Hopping (SCH)
6.6.9 Implementation of Hopping Mechanism
6.7 System Level Simulation
6.7.1 Interference Calculation
6.7.2 Outage SINR Analysis
6.7.3 Goodput Simulations
6.8 Conclusion
7 Hybrid Link Adaptation
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Degrees of Freedom in Link Adaptation Process
7.3 Bit and Power Loading Algorithm
7.4 System Model
7.5 Hybrid LA Strategies
7.5.1 Different Link Adaptation Algorithms
7.5.2 LA with Different Subchannel Sizes
7.5.3 Fixed Coding Rate
7.5.4 LA Rate
7.5.5 Different LA and PC Rates
7.5.6 Interaction between Spatial Diversity and Link Adaptation
7.6 Discussion
7.7 Conclusion
8 Link Adaptation under Transceiver Impairments
8.1 Influence of Nonlinear HPA
8.1.1 HPA Models
8.1.2 Effect of HPA on Different Modulation and Coding Rates
8.1.3 Link Adaptation under HPA Impairments
8.1.4 Conclusion
8.2 LA under ICI
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 LA under Undetected ICI
8.2.3 Conclusion
8.3 Summary
9 Bit Loading on Pilot Subcarriers
9.1 Introduction
9.2 System Description
9.3 Analytical Framework and Algorithm
9.4 Simulation and Discussion
9.5 Conclusion
10 Joint Link Adaptation and Resource Allocation in SISO/SIMO Systems
10.1 Fairness
10.2 Round Robin (RR)
10.3 Maximum Carrier to Interference Ratio (MAX C/I)
10.4 Proportional Fair (PF)
10.5 Summary
10.6 System Setup
10.7 Comparison between the Link Level and System Level Simulator
10.8 Simulation Result for Different RA Schemes
10.8.1 Allocated Bit, Coding Rate and Rate
10.8.2 Fairness
10.8.3 UE Alive Time
10.8.4 SINR at UE and NB
10.8.5 UE Throughput and Cell Throughput
10.8.6 Power Utilization
10.8.7 User Throughput versus Averaged SINR and Distance
10.8.8 Allocation Correlation
10.8.9 Rate Allocation at Different Distance Ranges
10.8.10 Number of Served and Dropped UEs per Second
10.8.11 Summary
10.9 Simulation Result for PF with Different Configurations
10.9.1 Fairness
10.9.2 SINR at UE and NB
10.9.3 UE Throughput and Cell Throughput
10.9.4 Power Utilization
10.9.5 User Throughput versus Averaged SINR & Distance
10.9.6 Number of Served and Dropped UEs per Second
11 MIMO Precoding in Multi-User Scenarios
11.1 Precoding Techniques
11.1.1 Linear Precoding Techniques
11.1.2 Nonlinear Precoding Techniques
11.2 Problem Formulation
11.2.1 SDMA & CI with Single Antenna at UE
11.2.2 OFDMA & SDMA & CI with Single Antenna at UE
11.2.3 SDMA & CI/BD with Multiple Antennas at UE
11.2.4 OFDMA & SDMA & CI/BD with Multiple Antennas at UE
11.3 Summary
12 Simulation Results for Linear MIMO Precoding Techniques
12.1 System Setup
12.2 Comparison between SNR and SINR with Precoding
12.3 Simulation Result for Precoding
12.3.1 SDMA with Single-Antenna UEs
12.3.2 OFDMA & SDMA with Single-Antenna UEs
12.3.3 SDMA with Correlated Antennas at UE
12.3.4 OFDMA & SDMA with Multiple-Antenna UEs
12.4 Summary
13 Impact of MIMO CCI: SINR Analysis and System Performance
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Assumptions and Definitions
13.2.1 Assumptions
13.2.2 Link Definitions
13.2.3 Scenario Definition
13.3 Symbol-by-Symbol Linear Receivers
13.3.1 MRC Receiver
13.3.2 MMSE Receiver
13.4 SINR Expressions
13.4.1 SIMO in Desired Link
13.4.2 AS in the Desired Link
13.4.3 TxBF in the Desired Link
13.4.4 STBC in the Desired Link
13.5 SINR Analysis
13.5.1 Cellular Scenario
13.5.2 Equal Power Scenario
13.6 Probability of Error
13.6.1 When Interferer is not STBC
13.6.2 When an Interferer Is STBC
13.7 BER Evaluations via Numerical Simulations
13.7.1 Simulation Parameters
13.7.2 Equal Power Scenario
13.7.3 Cellular Scenario
13.8 Summary
14 MIMO Systems at Cell Edge: Robust Receiver Design
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Multiple Symbol Processing
14.2.1 Scenario and Assumptions
14.2.2 Linear MMSE receiver: Multiple symbol processing
14.2.3 Impact on System Level and Implementation Related Issues
14.3 Numerical Evaluations
14.3.1 Simulations Parameters
14.3.2 Mean SINR
14.3.3 Initial Investigations in Time-Invariant Channel
14.3.4 Simulation with Different Type of MIMO Interferers
14.3.5 Time-Variant Case
14.3.6 STBC Detection Module
14.4 Fractional Frequency Re-Use at Cell Edge
14.4.1 Motivation and Problem Definition
14.4.2 Prior Arts
14.4.3 The FFR Method
14.4.4 Evaluation of Proposed FFR Method
14.5 Summary
15 Conclusions and Future perspectives
15.1 Conclusions
15.2 Future Perspective
15.2.1 Green Radio
15.2.2 Soft Combining Using Network MIMO
15.2.3 Interference Management
15.2.4 Dynamic Fractional Frequency Re-Use
15.2.5 Dynamic Sectoring
15.2.6 Home Base Stations and Self Organizing Networks
15.2.7 Spectrum Sharing and Cognitive Radio
A The System-Level Simulator
A.1 Cell
A.2 Path Loss Model
A.3 Minimum Coupling Loss (MCL)
A.4 Shadowing Model
A.5 User Mobility
A.6 Wrap Around
A.7 SINR
A.8 Feedback Delay
A.9 CSI Estimation Error and Quantization
A.10 Error Model
A.11 Interference Model
A.12 Flowchart of the System-Level Simulator
A.13 Brief Description of the Simulator
A.14 Folder Structure
A.15 To Begin the Simulator
A.16 Function Flow
A.16.1 Link Level Simulation
A.16.2 System Level Simulation
A.17 Primary Parameter Description
B LA in OFDM Systems under HPA
B.1 PAPR in OFDM
B.1.1 CDF of PAPR
B.1.2 SDNR Plots
B.2 Performance of Different Modulation and Coding
Bibliography
About the Authors
