This book shows how such a computational process functions, how great is its power and versatility, since it is possible to show how discoveries are made. In 1759, A. Smith realized that there must exist an additional powerful control mechanism behind Great Britain’s authority and government, explaining the extraordinary successes of Great Britain. He called this the Invisible Hand. Despite having used this term only 3 times, the idea evokes extreme scientific and political emotions to this day. If we apply a molecular model of computation, such as in in Adleman’s DNA computer, a computational model for the Invisible Hand can be built to show how it affects a society. It is a spontaneous, unconscious, distributed, noncontinuous computational process on the platform of minds of, e.g., people or ants. Knowing this mechanism, a future self-steering and self-optimization system for AI robot teams can be proposed, e.g., for construction sites and rescue operations.
Author(s): Tadeusz Szuba
Series: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 477
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 403
City: Cham
Foreword
Preface
Important methodology remark
References
Acknowledgements
Contents
Acronyms
Part I Yesterday
1 History of Adam Smith's Invisible Hand Hypothesis—Circumstances of Its Origin and Further Development
1.1 Platforms for Adam Smith's Invisible Hand Emergence
1.1.1 Difference Between Physical Phenomena and Adam Smith Invisible Hand Phenomenon
1.1.2 Role of Life in Adam Smith's Invisible Hand Phenomenon
1.2 Personality of Adam Smith
1.2.1 What Adam Smith Really Wrote About Invisible Hand
1.2.2 Theological Reference to Adam Smith's Invisible Hand
1.3 What We Know for Sure Today About Adam Smith's Invisible Hand
References
2 Importance of Invisible Hand Phenomena for Human Social Structures and Markets—From Interventionism to Liberalism Perspective
2.1 French Versus English Garden
2.2 Should We Consider Plants as Environment for Invisible Hand?
References
3 Prominent Scientific, Macro-Economy Personalities and Politicians as Supporters and Critics of the Invisible Hand Idea
3.1 Key Advocates of Invisible Hand Idea
3.2 K. Arrow and G. Debreu Model
3.3 Man in the Middle—J. M. Keynes
3.4 Critics of Invisible Hand Idea
References
4 Social Structure as Fundamental Computational Architecture to Host Invisible Hand Computational Processes
4.1 Is Adam Smith's Invisible Hand as Meta-control Strategy …
4.2 Elementary Invisible Hand Ruling Elementary Economy of Anthill
4.2.1 Anthill Economy
4.2.2 Invisible Hand Ruling Anthill
4.3 How Should Human Social Structures Be Organized …
4.3.1 Demonstration of Power of Organizational Economics
4.3.2 Organizational Economics—From Efficiency Toward Serfdom
4.3.3 Inca Economy—Underappreciated Example of Organizational Economics
References
5 When Invisible Hand Emerges and When Disappears
5.1 The Invisible Hand in Life Practice—Two Achievements
5.1.1 Adam Smith's Invisible Hand—in the 18th Century United Kingdom Capsule
5.1.2 Battle Over Trade—Poland 1947–1989
5.2 What Reduces and What Amplifies Invisible Hand
5.2.1 Favorable Environment for the ASIH—The Quest for a New Kind of Equilibrium
5.2.2 Impulse Activating ASIH
5.2.3 Populism as a Threat to ASIH
5.2.4 Lust for Power of Incompetent Individuals
5.2.5 Natural Disasters as a Threat to ASIH
References
Part II Today
6 Toward Understanding Invisible Hand as Hidden Computational Process
6.1 Short History of Computational Processes
6.2 Educational Example of Molecular Computations
6.3 Herbert Simon's Dream on Computational Models of Scientific Discovery
6.4 Adleman's Molecular DNA Computer
6.4.1 Criticism of Adleman's DNA Computer
6.5 Formal Models of Molecular Computations
6.5.1 Membrane Computations
6.5.2 Balanced Model of Molecular Computations
6.6 Invisible Hand as Hidden, Molecular Computational Processes
6.6.1 Role of a Way of Thinking (Inference System) for Invisible Hand Theory
6.6.2 What Is the Relation Between Butterfly Effect from Chaos Theory and the Invisible Hand?
6.6.3 Logic of Chaos—What Chaos Can Compute
6.6.4 Does the Invisible Hand as a Computational Process Goes Beyond the Turing Machine?
References
Part III Tomorrow
7 Invisible Hand as a New Control Paradigm for the Future Collectively Intelligent Social Structures of Quasi-Intelligent Robotics
7.1 Scientific Background
7.2 Intelligent, (Controlled by Invisible Hand) Self …
7.3 Application of Artificial Invisible Hand to Social Structures …
7.3.1 Nature of the Rescue Problem, After the Earthquake
7.3.2 Technology to be Used by CARITAS Rescue Robots
7.3.3 Design of the Future CARITAS Rescue Robot
7.3.4 Operational Schemes for CARITAS Rescue Robot
References
8 Toward Understanding of Adam Smith's Invisible Hand for Human Social Structures/Markets
8.1 Is Invisible Hand a Universal Phenomena?
8.1.1 Robert Nozick's Model
8.1.2 Invisible Hand on the Platform of Modern Electronic Media (MEM), as the Engine of Fourth Estate (4th Estate)
8.1.3 Need for 4th Estate
8.1.4 Lockdown Calculation Problem, a Version of the Economic Calculation Problem
8.1.5 Who Controls the Worldwide Internet Network?—Is There Another Invisible Hand Ready to Be Born in the Depths of the Internet?
8.2 Is Invisible Hand Behind Great Geographic Discoveries?
8.3 Is Invisible Hand Controlling Today's Global World of Science?
8.4 Should Invisible Hand Be Considered as ``Thinking Being'' on the Basis of ``Cogito ergo Sum'', a Philosophical Proposition by René Descartes?
8.5 Can We Extend Turing Test for Individual Intelligence, to Detect the Invisible Hand in the Social Structure/Market?
8.6 Is Invisible Hand as ``Thinking Being'' Speaking in the Name of the Market/Social Structure?
8.6.1 What Language Is Used with Reference to the Social Structure or Market When Speaking This Way?
8.7 Are Conspiracy Theories a Symptom that People Widely, yet Unconsciously, Perceive as the Invisible Hand Acting?
References
Appendix Glossary
Index
