This evidence-based manual highlights the early management of acutely injured trauma victims arriving in emergency triage areas. It caters to the needs of developing nations in pre-hospital as well as in-hospital emergency trauma care and provides clear practical guidelines for the management of victims of major trauma. The book covers basic principles for managing a crashing trauma patient, followed by effective treatment by different sub-specialty. Input from experienced anaesthesiologists, intensivists, orthopaedics, vascular surgeons, plastic surgeons, and radiologists, make this book a gold standard for good practice for professionals.
Key Features
• Covers all aspects of acute trauma, including orthopaedics, vascular surgery, plastic surgery, neurosurgery, burns and radiology
• Elaborates on damage control resuscitation and management of initial and life-threatening injuries, useful for professionals dealing with trauma patients in the emergency area
• Guides in initial fluid therapy and pain control along with initial patient resuscitation
Author(s): Kajal Jain, Nidhi Bhatia, Tanvir Samra, Vishal Kumar
Publisher: CRC Press
Year: 2022
Language: English
Pages: 203
City: Boca Raton
Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Foreword by Anjan Trikha
Foreword by J Balavenkatasubramanian
Foreword by Sameer Aggarwal
Preface
About the Editors
Contributors
Abbreviations
Section I Principles of Acute Trauma Care
Chapter 1 Pre-hospital Care of Trauma Victims and Triaging on Arrival
Learning Objectives
Pre-hospital Care of Trauma Victims in India
Triage
Pitfalls of ED Triage
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 2 Primary and Secondary Surveys
Learning Objectives
Primary Survey with Concomitant Resuscitation
Secondary Survey
Summary
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 3 Clearing the Cervical Spine
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Spinal Stability
Clinical Features Suggesting CSI
Spine Injury Syndromes in Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury
When to Suspect CSI
Cervical Spinal Injury in Children
Ideal Radiological Investigations
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 4 Oxygen Therapy in Trauma
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Why Do We Need “Emergency Oxygen Therapy Guidelines”?
Oxygen Delivery Systems
Escalation of Oxygen Therapy
De-Escalation of Oxygen Therapy
Suggested Reading
Chapter 5 Early Analgesia on Arrival
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Patient Care Objectives in Pain Management
Ethics of Pain Control
Components of Pain Management
Pain Management Areas in Emergency
Suggested Reading
Chapter 6 Role of Intercostal Drainage Tube in Chest Trauma
Learning Objectives
Introduction
History of the Procedure
The Anatomical Basis of Tube Placement
Indications
Contraindications
Role of Intercostal Drainage Tube in Thoracic Trauma
Complications
Removal of Intercostal Drainage Tube
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 7 Intrahospital Transport of Trauma Patients
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Decisions to Be Made before Transportation
Things That Might Go Wrong during Patient Transfer
Checklist for Intrahospital Transport (IHT)
How to Transport the Patient
Suggested Reading
Chapter 8 Care of Intubated Patients in Triage
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Patient Positioning
Monitoring
Endotracheal Tube (ETT) Care
Ventilation Management
Analgesia and Sedation
Circulation
Other Precautions
Investigations
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Section II Crashing Trauma Patient
Chapter 9 Code Crimson in Trauma Triage
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Identifying Patients Requiring Code Crimson Activation in Trauma Emergency
Criteria for Activation
Conclusion and Acknowledgements
Suggested Reading
Chapter 10 Traumatic Cardiac Arrest
Learning Objectives
Definition
Management Priority in TCA
Role of Chest Compressions
Adrenaline Use in TCA
Role of Conventional CPR
Withholding Resuscitation Efforts
Indications to Stop Resuscitation
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 11 Airway Management in Trauma Bay
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Primary Survey (ABCDE)
Airway Assessment of Trauma Victims
Manoeuvres to Open the Airway
Cervical Spine Stabilization
Preoxygenation
Definitive Airway Management Techniques
Airway Management Scheme and Checklist
Minimum Monitoring in Emergency Department
Problems Encountered in Trauma Bay During or After Emergency Airway Management
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 12 Front of Neck Access
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Indications
Contraindications
Surface Landmarks for FONA
Technique
Equipment Required
Advantages of Emergency Cricothyroidotomy
Disadvantages of Emergency Cricothyroidotomy
Complications
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 13 Shock in Trauma Patients
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Response of Specific Systems
Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy (TIC)
General Approach to Resuscitation
Goals of Resuscitation
Pattern of Patient Response
Suggested Reading
Chapter 14 Vascular Access in Bleeding Patients
Learning Objectives
Why Vascular Access Is Required
Peripheral Venous Cannulation
Central Venous Cannulation (CVC)
Peripheral Venous Cutdown
Intraosseous Access
Suggested Reading
Chapter 15 Central Venous Access in Trauma Bay
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Indications for Central Venous Catheterization
Contraindications of CVC for Patients in Trauma Bay
Site Selection
Use of Ultrasonography in Central Venous Catheterization
Preparation and Procedural Technique of Central Venous Catheterization
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 16 A Guide to Use of Crystalloids
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Fluid Resuscitation Strategies
Choice of Fluid for Resuscitation
Practical Approach to a Major Trauma Patient in Triage
Post-resuscitation Fluid Management
Suggested Reading
Chapter 17 Blood Transfusion Strategies in Trauma Patients
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Coagulopathy in Trauma
Management Strategies for Post-Traumatic Haemorrhage
Suggested Reading
Chapter 18 Interpreting Arterial Blood Gases in Trauma Patients
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Common Terminology and Normal ABG Values
Acid-Base Disorders Which Can Be Diagnosed with ABG
Sample Collection and Transport
ABG Interpretation Steps
Suggested Reading
Chapter 19 Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Applications in Triage
Learning Objectives
Introduction
FAST and eFAST Examination
Cardiac Parasternal Long Axis
Emergency Resuscitation
Emergency Airway Management
Procedural Focus: A Great Help
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 20 Desaturating Patient with Long Bone Fractures: Diagnosis and Management
Learning Objectives
Definition
Aetiology and Differential Diagnosis
Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Orthopaedic Care in Desaturating Patient with Long Bone Fracture
Suggested Reading
Section III Subspeciality Trauma Care
Chapter 21 Paediatric Mild Head Injury
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Measuring the Glasgow Coma Scale in Children
Classification of Head Injury According to Severity
Role of CT Scan
Indications for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in Head Injury
Child Abuse/Non-accidental Trauma
Clearing the Patient for Discharge or Transfer
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 22 Early Management of Adult Head Injury
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Classification of Head Injury
Assessment in the Emergency Department
Clinical Evaluation
Observation of Admitted Patients
Seizures in Head Injury
Management Principles in Raised ICP
Suggested Reading
Chapter 23 Management of Acute Burn Injuries
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Types of Burns
Management of Burn Patient at the Site of Injury
Management of Burn Patient Once Brought to the Trauma Centre
Nutrition
Splints
Compartment Syndrome
Suggested Reading
Chapter 24 Pelvic Trauma: Diagnosis and Management
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Evaluation
Classification
Cause of Blood Loss in Pelvic Trauma
Management
Suggested Reading
Chapter 25 Managing Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Evaluation and Management of Blunt Abdominal Trauma
Splenic Injury
Hepatic Injury
Aortic Injury in Blunt Trauma
Retroperitoneal Haematoma
Gastrointestinal Injury
Suggested Reading
Chapter 26 Special Concerns in Pregnant Trauma Patients
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Approach to Trauma during Pregnancy
Place of Management
Primary Survey and Stabilization
Reasons Why Management of Pregnant Trauma Patients Is Difficult
Anatomical and Physiological Changes of Pregnancy Affecting Trauma Assessment/Management
Obstetric Management of Trauma Patient
Concerns in Imaging of Pregnant Trauma Patient
Role of PMCD/Resuscitative Hysterotomy
Suggested Reading
Chapter 27 Managing Crush Injuries on Arrival
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Management
Complications
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Chapter 28 Traumatic Amputation on Arrival
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Pre-hospital Management
Management in the Emergency Department
Planning Treatment
Suggested Reading
Chapter 29 Basics of CT Scan Head and Trauma Radiographs
Basics of CT Scan Head
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Basics of Interpretation
Common Traumatic Lesions with Imaging Characteristics
Basics of Chest Radiographs
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Lung Parenchymal Injuries
Extraparenchymal Injuries
An Approach to Interpret Chest Radiograph in Trauma
Suggested Reading
Chapter 30 Basics of Ventilator Settings
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Commonly Used Modes of Ventilation
Choosing a Mode and Setting the Variables
Assist/Control Ventilation (A/CV)
Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV)
Pressure Support Ventilation (PSV)
Suggested Reading
Chapter 31 Military Perspective in Trauma Care
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC)
Control of Massive Haemorrhage
Pain Management
Conclusion
Suggested Reading
Index
