A Practical Guide to Piping and Valves for the Oil and Gas Industry

Front-Matte_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oil-and-Gas-
Front Matter
Copyright_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oil-and-Gas-In
Copyright
Acknowledgmen_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oil-and-Ga
Acknowledgment
Chapter-1---Ball-valve-applic_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-fo
Ball-valve applications and design
Ball-valve application examples
Special ball-valve design
Ball-valve design consideration
Bore design
Face-to-face dimensions
Other ball-valve dimensions
Body and bonnet design
Top-entry design advantages
Manufacturing process (forging, casting, etc.)
Case studies
Lack of body flange thickness
Lack of space for ball inside the body
Connected flange bolts clashing
Solutions to connected flange bolts clashing
Long-length bolting for the valve
Usage of washer for super-duplex bolting
Bolt design for weight saving
Minimum acceptable length of bolting
Body-wall-thickness calculation
Body defect (case study)
Body internal overlay
Body marking
Ball design
Trunnion design effect on valve face to face (case study)
Trunnion design for actuated valves
Block-and-bleed effect in trunnion/floating valves
Ball low roughness and lapping process
Ball alignment testing
Ball machining and nondestructive testing
Ball design for DIB valves
Lifting of the ball
Seat design
Seat design for DIB valves
Seat types (self-relieving or double piston effect)
DIB valves for double isolation purpose
Effect of double piston seat on valve face to face
Valve seat insert
Seat design for particles
Valve-installation direction affected by seat design
Seat sealant injection design
Stem design
Stem leak prevention expensive solution
Antiblowout stem
Stem key
Stem extension
Insulation friendly
Cryogenic services
Case study of stem extension
More information about valve insulation
Lever/handwheel design
Vent and drain plug or flanges
Lifting lug and valve support
Air-breather/overpressure plug
Valve and actuator connection
Ball-valve flow characteristic
Ball-valve cycle test
Ball-valve torque values
Fire test
Material selection
Body material
Ball material
Stem material
Valve watch
Valve interlocks
Valve drivers
Easy drive
Flexi drive
Torque drive
More pictures
Chapter-2---Butterfly-valve-app_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-
Butterfly valve applications and design
Valve application examples
Concentric butterfly valves
Eccentric butterfly valves
Butterfly valve body design
Butterfly valves disk design
Butterfly valve stem design
Butterfly valve seat design
Stem sealing design
Antistatic design (electrical continuity)
Bracket design
Coupling and top flange design
Packing design
High-purity graphite with low impurities
Flexible graphite packing
Teflon PTFE packing
Reinforced graphite packing with Inconel 625
Isolation of graphite packing
Conclusion
Offset definitions in eccentric butterfly valves
Butterfly valves standards
Butterfly valve bore
Face to face
Fire test
Installation direction
Layout considerations
Torque
Locking devices
Lifting lug
Bottom cover
Cv value
Material traceability
Material selection
Body material
Seat and disk materials
Stem material
Bearing material
Interlock
Position indicator
Spare parts
ATEX
Transportation
Packing and preservation
Tagging and marking
More pictures
Chapter-3---Plug-valve-applic_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-fo
Plug valve application and design
Valve application examples
Plug valve design
Body design
Stem and plug design
Port design
Valve standard
Face-to-face standard
Antistatic design
Material selection
Body material
Plug material
Stem material
Stem bearing material
Gasket between body parts
More pictures
Chapter-4---Through-conduit-gate-valve-a_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-an
Through conduit gate valve application and design valve application examples
TCG valve design
Body and bonnet design
Disk (wedge) design
Seat design
Bore (port) design
Back seat design
Cavity design
Packing design
Sealing capability
Valve standard
Face-to-face standard
Flow direction
More photographs
Chapter-5---Modular-valve-appl_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-f
Modular valve applications and design
Modular valve applications
Modular valves design
Insulation-friendly design
Compact design
Integrated modular valve with check valve and quills
Pressure and function tests
Trunnion and gearbox requirements
Support consideration
Conclusion
Chapter-6---Wedge-gate-valve-ap_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-
Wedge gate valve applications and design
Valve application and selection
Wedge gate valve standards
Body bonnet design
Face-to-face standard
Bore design
Wall thickness
Wedge design
Seat design
Stem design
Yoke design
Back seat design
Packing design
Locking design
Insulation-friendly design
Valve operation
Valve lifting, transportation, and installation
Chapter-7---Globe-valve-appli_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-fo
Globe valve applications and design
Valve application and selection
Globe valve operation problem: Cavitation
Body/bonnet design
Face-to-face standard
Bore design
Wall thickness
Seat design
Stem design
Yoke design
Back seat design
Packing design
Locking design
Layout considerations
Valve operation
Insulation-friendly design
Quality control
Pressure and fugitive emission tests
Inspection
ATEX and fire test requirements
Coating
Tagging and marking
Transportation
Spare part requirements
Maintenance
More photographs
Chapter-8---Piston-chec_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-
Piston check valves
General applications
Standards
Wall thickness
Layout requirement
Installation problems
Chapter-9---Dual-plate-ch_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-th
Dual plate check valves
Valve application examples
Valve limitations
Terminology
Cracking pressure
Critical velocity
Body design
Plates design
Spring design
Installation direction
Weld overlay
Lapping
Valve design standard
Two cases related to manufacturing and installation problems
Dual plate check valve with stem override
Additional pictures
Chapter-10---Nonslam-che_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the
Nonslam check valves
Introduction
Advantages of nonslam check valves
Quick closing and easy opening disk
Robust structure and zero leakage
Low-pressure drop and high flow capacity
Long valve life
Nonslamming
Shorter straight pipe run requirements
Tight shutoff
Different end-to-end designs (flexibility in end-to-end resign)
Valve applications
Valve limitations
Terminology
Cracking pressure
Critical velocity
Body design
Disk and seat design
Spring design
Installation direction
Weld overlay
Lapping
CV value
Flow open area
Body Wall thickness
Valve face to face
Lifting
Additional photographs
Chapter-11---Pipeline_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oi
Pipeline valves
General information
Valve design and weight reduction
Body design/material
Welding
Bonnet design
Ball design
Seat design
Special bore diameter
Cycling
Valve maintenance
Valve internals protection
Valve support
Valve coating
Valve preservation
Valve packing and lifting
Valve experience after FAT
Chapter-12---Valve-technolog_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for
Valve technology and selection
Valve definition
Valve selection tips
Valve applications
Valve size
Valve dimensions and weights
Fluid types
Required flow capacity (Cv values)
Operating pressure and pressure drop
Operation requirements
Valve selection case studies
Ball valve selection
Wafer butterfly valve selection
Axial control valve selection
Chapter-13---Piping-and-valve_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-fo
Piping and valve corrosion study
External corrosion
Internal corrosion
CO2 and H2S corrosion
H2S physical properties
H2S sour corrosion
National association of corrosion engineers (NACE)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) properties and sweet corrosion
Based CO2 corrosion rate prediction
Temperature effect
Temperature effect
Final corrosion rate prediction
Effect of H2S
Effect of water chemistry
Effect of flow
Effect of gas-to-oil ratio (GOR)
Final calculation of corrosion allowance for carbon steel
Sour corrosion study
Hydrogen embrittlement (HE)
Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) corrosion
Stepwise cracking (SWC) corrosion
Hydrogen-induced cracking
Sour environment for carbon and low alloy steels
Sour environment for carbon and high alloy steels
Acid gases corrosion mitigation strategies
Corrosion inhibitor
Glycol/methanol injection
Corrosion allowance consideration
CRA selection
Case study: Piping material selection
Material selection and corrosion allowance calculations
Stream numbers 1 and 2, separation to KO drums
Stream numbers 3 and 8, KO drum outlet line to NGL plant
Stream number 4, KO drum outlet lines to compressors
Oil field production unit material selection
The process flow diagram (PFD)
Production unit material study
Pipeline material study scope
Pipeline operation process data
Pipeline sweet corrosion study and calculation
Corrosion allowance calculations
Pipeline sour corrosion study
Pipeline material selection
Piping material study scope
Piping operation process data
Piping sweet corrosion study and calculation
Pitting and stress cracking corrosion
Crevice corrosion
Chapter-14---Bulk-pipi_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-O
Bulk piping items
Fittings
Elbow/return
Tee/pipe-to-pipe/olet
Reducers/swage
Caps/plugs
Pipe nipples
Union
Flanges
Spade and spacer/spectacle blind
Gaskets
Flat gaskets
Spiral wound gaskets
Ring-type joint gaskets
Jacket gasket
Grooved metal gasket with covering layers
Fasteners (bolts/nuts)
Piping codes and standards
ASME
ASTM
API
NACE
MSS SP
ISO
DNV
Chapter-15---Piping-and-valve-materi_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Va
Piping and valve material selection in offshore projects
Introduction
Carbon steel
General information about stainless steel
Martensitic stainless steel
Austenitic stainless steel
22Cr duplex
High strength and corrosion resistance
Less pipe thickness and weight
Larger flow area/less pressure drop
Less expensive coating/less coating
22Cr duplex piping advantages compared to stainless steel 316
22Cr duplex application case studies for piping and valves
Mechanical joints
22Cr duplex for small size ball valves
22Cr duplex trims instead of 13Cr
Duplex stainless steel limitations/challenges
25Cr super duplex
Material cost
Weight
Norms
Rates
Coating
Indirect weight cost
Examples of cost calculations
Super austenitic 6Mo
Nickel alloys
Material for seawater
Chapter-16---Piping-spec_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the
Piping special items
Piping manifolds
Strainers
Bending
Sample and injection quills
Seal pot
Backflow preventer
Bird screen
Vacuum breaker and air release valve
Steam and liquid trap
Mechanical traps
Thermostatic traps
Thermodynamic traps
Expansion joints (bellows)
Flexible hose and coupling
Tube connectors
Special tees (barred tees)
Insulation kit
Flame arrestor
Special flanges
Special gaskets
Transition piece
Sweepolet
Hubs and clamps
Chapter-17---Valve-ac_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oi
Valve actuation
Actuation requirement for ease of operation
Actuator types
Pneumatic actuators
Hydraulic actuators
Electrical actuators
Some technical requirements for actuators
Actuator and piping layout
More pictures
Chapter-18---Valves-preservation-_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valve
Valves preservation and packing requirements
Introduction to preservation
Roles and responsibilities
Preservation types
General preservation
Internal preservation
External preservation
Conclusion
Additional photos
Packing
Chapter-19---Valve-gearbox-_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-
Valve gearbox considerations
Gearbox design
Gearbox lifting
Gear clearance
Gearbox rotation
Chapter-20---Factory-acce_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-th
Factory acceptance test
Introduction
Pressure test
Pressure test for gate/globe and piston check valves
Pressure test for butterfly valves
Pressure test for through-conduit gate valves
Pressure test for ball valves
Pressure test for modular valves
Pressure test for gate and globe valve
Pressure test for dual plate and axial flow check valves
Test failure
Final inspection example
Index_2021_A-Practical-Guide-to-Piping-and-Valves-for-the-Oil-and-Gas-Indust
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