A Nexus Approach for Sustainable Development: Integrated Resources Management in Resilient Cities and Multifunctional Land-use Systems

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This book explores how integrated management of environmental resources via a nexus approach can help in achieving the respective Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It provides conceptual considerations but mainly practical examples on how to implement a nexus approach in cities and multifunctional land-use systems to increase resource use efficiency and develop a low carbon economy. After sketching out the background and conceptual outline, contributions to the book explore key aspects of the nexus implementation. Specifically, they • Demonstrate how to sustainably use organic waste and wastewater for agriculture, • Explore examples on how to manage multifunctional land-use systems including multipurpose reservoirs, • Highlight the importance of economic incentives for successful nexus implementation, and • Provide a comprehensive perspective on challenges and opportunities of implementation, considering peer-to-peer learning, indigenous knowledge, and stakeholder participation. The chapters in this book shed a new light on key aspects of the interrelation between SDGs and the nexus approach in resilient cities and multifunctional land-use systems, and provide specific examples on how to advance sustainable resources management.

Author(s): Stephan Hülsmann, Mahesh Jampani
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020

Language: English
Pages: 256
City: Cham

Contents
1 The Nexus Approach as a Tool for Resources Management in Resilient Cities and Multifunctional Land-Use Systems
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Nexus Approach as a Tool to Cope with Global Challenges
3 The Nexus Approach for Managing Resources in Multifunctional Land-Use Systems and Resilient Cities
4 Storyline of the Book
5 Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
2 How to Integrate and Balance Water, Soil and Waste Expertise When Realizing the Corresponding Nexus Approach
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Developments in Hydrology
1.2 Developments in Soil Science
1.3 Engineering and Waste Generation
2 A Brief Review of Case Studies on the Water-Soil-Waste Nexus
3 How to Complete the Water-Soil-Waste NEXUS Chain?
4 The Challenge to Reach Effective Governance
5 Conclusions
References
3 Nutrient Recovery for Use in Agriculture: Economic Assessment of Decentralized Compost Business Model in Nairobi
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Generation and Composition of Municipal Solid Waste in Nairobi
3 The Nexus Approach to Economic Assessment of Nutrient Recovery Models
4 Materials and Methods
4.1 Economic Assessment
4.1.1 Technical and Financial Data of Compost Plants in Kenya
4.1.2 Key Assumptions and Parameters for Economic Analysis of Decentralized Compost Business
4.2 Environmental Assessment
4.3 Sensitivity Analysis Using Monte Carlo Simulation
5 Results
5.1 Results of Environmental Assessment
5.2 Results of Economic Assessment
5.3 Simulation Results
6 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
4 Sustainable and Safe Use of Wastewater for Food Production in Peri-urban Areas of Karnataka, India
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area: Hubli–Dharwad, Karnataka
2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 Pre-feasibility Study
2.2.2 Qualitative Assessment of Health Risks Associated with Wastewater Use
2.2.3 Identification of Existing Control Measures and Documentation of Best Practices
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Opinion Poll Results
3.2 Field Investigations
3.3 Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
3.4 Field Inspections—Implications of Wastewater Irrigation
3.5 Risk Mitigation Measures
3.5.1 Best Farmers’ Practices
3.5.2 Recommended Safe Use Practices
4 Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
5 Usefulness of Surface Water Retention Reservoirs Inspired by ‘Permaculture Design’: A Case Study in Southern Spain Using Bucket Modelling
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Permaculture and Agroecology
1.2 Rainwater Harvesting
1.3 Water Harvesting by Building Earth Dams
1.4 Case Study: Commercial ‘Permaculture’ Farm
1.5 Specific Challenge and Research Questions
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Model Description
2.2 Model Setup
2.2.1 Reservoir and Catchment Properties
2.2.2 Weather Data
2.2.3 Calibration and Validation
3 Results
3.1 Sensitivity Analysis
3.2 Pre-construction Simulation
4 Discussion
4.1 Model Findings
4.2 WH Potential
4.3 Long-Term Weather Changes
4.4 Merits and Demerits of the Model
4.5 Comparison with Other European Projects
4.6 Implications
5 Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
6 Multifunctional Historical Data for Improved Management of Reservoirs
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Natural Lakes and Reservoirs in Kenya
1.2 The Need for Reservoir Sedimentation Assessment
1.3 Challenges to Reservoir Sediment Assessment in Kenya
2 Reservoir Sedimentation Assessment Techniques
3 Findings from a Reservoir and a Natural Lake in Kenya
4 Importance of Bathymetric Survey and Sedimentation Assessment in Reservoir Management
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
7 Economic Valuation of Environmental Services Associated with Agriculture in the Watershed of Lake Lagdo, Cameroon
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area and Data Source
2.2 Methodology
2.2.1 The Damage Function Approach
2.2.2 Description of the Variables
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Estimation of the Volume of Water Required to Generate Electrical Energy
3.2 Value of the Forgone Power Benefit
3.3 The Effects of Anti-Erosion Measures on the Reduction of the Sedimentation of Lake Lagdo Dam
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
8 The Energy-Water Nexus in Iran: The Political Economy of Energy Subsidies for Groundwater Pumping
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 The Iranian Context
2.1 Groundwater Depletion and Energy Consumption Trends
2.2 The Historical Trend of Energy Subsidies for Irrigation
2.3 Iranian Studies on the Effects of Subsidy Cuts on the WEF Nexus
3 The Political Economy of the ‘Energy Subsidy-Groundwater Pumping’ Nexus
3.1 Reform Context
3.2 The Reform Arena
3.2.1 Government
3.2.2 Farmers
3.2.3 Parliament
3.3 Reform Process of 2010–2011
3.4 The Subsidy Reform Effects on Rural Life
4 A Path for the Future
5 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
9 Political Economy of Energy Subsidies for Groundwater Irrigation in Mendoza, Argentina
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Water Resources
2.3 General Water Law, Principles and Institutional Organization
2.3.1 Current Conditions of Irrigation Efficiency
2.3.2 Surface and Groundwater Irrigation
2.3.3 Characteristics of the Carrizal Aquifer
3 Energy and Subsidy Information
4 Agricultural and Economic Tools
5 Framework for Analysis
6 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
10 Rural Resources (including Forestry) in the Local Development of Low Carbon Economy: A Case Study of Poland
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Rural Resources in the Local Development of Low Carbon Economy—SWOT analysis
3.2 The Main Directions of Development of Low Carbon Economy at the Local Level in Poland, Based on Rural Resources
4 Conclusions
References
11 Opportunities and Challenges to Adopting Sustainable Watershed Management Interventions: An Overview of Experiences from Ethiopia
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Overview of the Impacts of Watershed Interventions in Ethiopia
3.2 Opportunities for the Successful Adoption of Watershed Interventions
3.2.1 Socioeconomic/Institutional Enabling Environment
3.2.2 Awareness of Diversification and Intensification
3.2.3 Improved Knowledge of the Complementarity of Mixed Crop-Livestock Systems
3.2.4 Evidence of the Improvement of Landscape Natural Resources
3.3 Challenges to the Adoption of Integrated Watershed Interventions in Ethiopia
3.3.1 Traditional Practices and Climate-Related Challenges
3.3.2 Area of Degraded Land Versus Managed Watershed
3.3.3 Socioeconomic and Institutional Challenges
3.4 Suggested Research Strategy to Reduce the Challenges for Adoption of Interventions in Ethiopia
4 Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
12 The Potential Contribution of Cultural Ecological Knowledge to Resources Management in a Volcanic River Basin
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 CEK Conceptual Framework
3 Methodology
4 Case Descriptions
5 Results
5.1 Main Elements of CEK
5.2 Formulation of CEK
6 Conclusions
References
13 Nexus-Oriented Approach for Sharing Water Resources: Development of Eco-Industrial Parks in the Catchment of Zayandeh Rud River, Iran
Abstract
1 Introduction
1.1 Industrial Symbiosis: Resource Sharing Approaches in a Circular Economy
1.2 Industrial Ecology as Background for the Symbiosis of Business Activities
1.3 Industrial Symbiosis as Tool for Integrated Resources Management
1.4 Water Resources Challenges in the Study Area
1.5 Scope of the Study
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Description of the Study Site
2.2 Scientific Approach
3 Results
3.1 Linking Scenario Example 1—Bilateral Principle
3.2 Linking Scenario Example 2—Nucleus Principle
3.3 Linking Scenario Example 3—Cascade Principle
4 Discussion
5 Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgements
References
14 City-to-City Learning Within City Networks to Cater City Needs to Climate Adaptation—Results of a Preliminary Study
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Understanding City-to-City Learning
2.1 Definition, Objective and Learning Levels of City-to-City Learning
2.2 City-to-City Learning Within a Broader Context
3 Exploring Transnational City Networks that Address Climate Change Adaptation
3.1 Networks in the Academic Literature
3.2 Different Types of Networks
4 Methodology
5 Findings
6 Concluding Remarks
References
15 A Participatory Multi-Stakeholder Approach to Implementing the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development: Theoretical Basis and Empirical Findings
Abstract
1 Introduction
2 Participation as a Key Element of Cooperative Planning
3 Towards a Sustainability Strategy at the Local Level
4 Case Study—Towards Municipal Sustainability Strategies in North Rhine-Westphalia
5 Findings on the Participatory Process
6 Conclusions and Outlook
References
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