From biofuels, green chemistry, and nanotechnology, this proven laboratory textbook provides the up-to-date coverage students need in their coursework and future careers. The book's experiments, all designed to utilize microscale glassware and equipment, cover traditional organic reactions and syntheses, the isolation of natural products, and molecular modeling and include project-based experiments and experiments that have a biological or health science focus. Updated throughout with new and revised experiments, new and revised essays, and revised and expanded techniques, the Fifth Edition is organized based on essays and topics of current interest.
Author(s): Donald L. Pavia, George S. Kriz, Gary M. Lampman, Randall G. Engel
Series: Brooks/Cole Laboratory Series for Organic Chemistry
Edition: 5
Publisher: Cengage Learning
Year: 2012
Language: English
Pages: 1040
Tags: Химия и химическая промышленность;Препаративная химия, лабораторное оборудование и техника эксперимента;
PART I: INTRODUCTION TO BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES.
Experiment 1: Introduction to Microscale Laboratory.
Experiment 2: Solubility.
Experiment 3: Crystallization.
Experiment 4: Extraction.
Experiment 5: A Separation and Purification Scheme.
Experiment 6: Chromatography.
Experiment 7: Simple and Fractional Distillation.
Experiment 8: Infrared Spectroscopy and Boiling Point Determination.
ESSAY: Aspirin.
Experiment 9: Acetylsalicylic Acid.
ESSAY: Analgesics.
Experiment 10: Isolation of the Active Ingredient in an Analgesic Drug.
Experiment 11: Acetaminophen.
ESSAY: Identification of Drugs.
Experiment 12: TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs.
ESSAY: Caffeine.
Experiment 13: Isolation of Caffeine.
ESSAY: Esters -- Flavors and Fragrances.
Experiment 14: Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil).
ESSAY: Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids.
Experiment 15: Essential Oils: Extraction of Oil of Cloves by Steam Distillation.
Essay: Stereochemical Theory of Odor.
Experiment 16: Spearmint and Caraway Oil: (+)- and (-)- Carvones.
Essay: The Chemistry of Vision.
Experiment 17: Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach.
Essay: Ethanol and Fermentation Chemistry.
Experiment 18 Ethanol from Sucrose.
PART II: INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR MODELING.
ESSAY: Molecular Modeling and Molecular Mechanics.
Experiment 19: An Introduction to Molecular Modeling.
ESSAY: Computational Chemistry -- Ab initio and Semiempirical Methods.
Experiment 20: Computational Chemistry.
PART III: PROPERTIES AND REACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS.
Experiment 21: Reactivities of Some Alkyl Halides.
Experiment 22: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Competing Nucleophiles.
Experiment 23: Synthesis of n-Butyl Bromide and t-Pentyl Chloride.
Experiment 24: 4-Methylcyclohexene.
ESSAY: Fats and Oils.
Experiment 25: Methyl Stearate from Methyl Oleate.
ESSAY: Petroleum and Fossil Fuels.
Experiment 26: Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Gasolines.
ESSAY: Biofuels.
Experiment 27: Biodiesel.
ESSAY: Green Chemistry.
Experiment 28: Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate; Optical Purity Determination Using a Chiral Shift Reagent.
Experiment 29: Nitration of Aromatic Compounds Using a Recyclable Catalyst.
Experiment 30: Resolution of (Phenylethylamine and Determination of Optical Purity.
Experiment 31: An Oxidation-Reduction Scheme: Borneol, Camphor, Isoborneol.
Experiment 32: Multi-Step Reaction Sequences: The Conversion of Benzaldehyde to Benzilic Acid.
Experiment 33: Triphenylmethanol and Benzoic Acid.
Experiment 34: Sonogashira Coupling of Iodosubstituted Aromatic Compounds with Alkynes Using a Palladium Catalyst.
Experiment 35: Grubbs-Catalyzed Metathesis of Eugenol with 1,4-Butanediol to Prepare a Natural Product.
Experiment 36: Aqueous-based Organozinc Reactions.
Experiment 37: The Aldol Condensation Reaction: Preparation of Benzalacetophenones (Chalcones).
Experiment 38: Preparation of an -Unsaturated Ketone via Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions.
Experiment 39: The Wittig Reaction: Preparation of 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-butadiene.
Experiment 40: Relative Reactivities of Several Aromatic Compounds.
Experiment 41: Nitration of Methyl Benzoate.
ESSAY: Local Anesthetics.
Experiment 42: Benzocaine.
Experiment 43: Methyl Salicylate (Oil of Wintergreen).
ESSAY: Pheromones: Insect Attractants and Repellents.
Experiment 44: N,N-Diethyl-m-toluamide: The Insect Repellent "OFF."
ESSAY: Sulfa Drugs.
Experiment 45: Sulfa Drugs: Preparation of Sulfanilamide.
Essay: Polymers and Plastics.
Experiment 46: Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Polyester, Nylon, and Polystyrene.
Essay: Diels-Alder Reactions and Insecticides.
Experiment 47: The Diels-Alder Reaction of Cyclopentadiene with Maleic Anhydride.
Experiment 48: Diels-Alder Reaction with Anthracene-9-methanol.
Experiment 49: Photoreduction of Benzophenone and Rearrangement of Benzpinacol to Benzopinacolone.
ESSAY:Fireflies and Photochemistry.
Experiment 50: Luminol.
ESSAY: The Chemistry of Sweeteners.
Experiment 51: Analysis of a Diet Soft Drink by HPLC.
PART IV: IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES.
Experiment 52: Identification of Unknowns.
PART V: PROJECT-BASED EXPERIMENTS.
Experiment 53: Preparation of a C-4 or C-5 Acetate Ester.
Experiment 54: Isolation of Essential Oils from Allspice, Cloves, Cumin, Caraway, Cinnamon, Fennel, or Star Anise.
Experiment 55: Competing Nucleophiles in SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Investigations using 2-Pentanol and 3-Pentanol.
Experiment 56: Friedel-Crafts Acylation.
Experiment 57: The Analysis of Antihistamine Drugs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Experiment 58: The Use of Organozinc Reagents in Synthesis: An Exercise in Synthesis and Structure Proof by Spectroscopy.
Experiment 59: Synthesis of Naproxen by Palladium Catalysis.
Experiment 60: The Aldehyde Enigma.
Experiment 61: Synthesis of Substituted Chalcones: A Guided-Inquiry Experience.
Experiment 62: Green Epoxidation of Chalcones.
Experiment 63: Cyclopropanation of Chalcones.
Experiment 64: Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions.
Experiment 65: Esterification Reactions of Vanillin: The Use of NMR to Solve a Structure Proof Problem.
Experiment 66: An Oxidation Puzzle.
PART VI: THE TECHNIQUES.
Technique 1: Laboratory Safety.
Technique 2: The Laboratory Notebook, Calculations, and Laboratory Records.
Technique 3: Laboratory Glassware: Care and Cleaning.
Technique 4: How to Find Data for Compounds: Handbooks and Catalogues.
Technique 5: Measurement of Volume and Weight.
Technique 6: Heating and Cooling Methods.
Technique 7: Reaction Methods.
Technique 8: Filtration.
Technique 9: Physical Constants of Solids: The Melting Point.
Technique 10: Solubility.
Technique 11: Crystallization: Purification of Solids.
Technique 12: Extractions, Separations, and Drying Agents.
Technique 13: Physical Constants of Liquids: The Boiling Point and Density.
Technique 14: Simple Distillation.
Technique 15: Fractional Distillation, Azeotropes.
Technique 16: Vacuum Distillation, Manometers.
Technique 17: Sublimation.
Technique 18: Steam Distillation.
Technique 19: Column Chromatography.
Technique 20: Thin-Layer Chromatography.
Technique 21: High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).
Technique 22: Gas Chromatography.
Technique 23: Polarimetry.
Technique 24: Refractometry.
Technique 25: Infrared Spectroscopy.
Technique 26: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Technique 27: Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Technique 28: Mass Spectrometry.
Technique 29: Guide to the Chemical Literature.
APPENDICES:
Appendix 1: Tables of Unknowns and Derivatives.
Appendix 2: Procedures for Preparing Derivatives.
Appendix 3: Index of Spectra.
